Tea is considered an important symbol of expression of socio-cultural heritage, community bonding, ethnicities, and customs to strengthen local place identity. Tea tourism offers an engaging and enduring gastronomic experience due to the active participation of tourists. This study aims to identify the key destination tea tourism products or experiences. This study uses a qualitative research approach to identify the prime tea tourism products and experiences from two important tea-growing nations, i.e., India and Turkey, ranked second and fifth in global tea production, respectively. The research findings present four main categories: facilities, activities, tours, training, Observation, and twenty-five sub-categories relating to tea tourism products and experiences. This study also strives to discover the contribution of tea tourism products or experiences in the tours conducted by Indian and Turkey travel agencies. This study is one of the first studies to examine the selected elements of tea tourism at the destination. The results will contribute to several theoretical and practical implications concerning tea tourism in tea-producing countries. The study will also offer essential insights into how travel agencies may use tea tourism products and experiences efficiently in packaging their tours.
{"title":"Analyzing Tea Tourism Products and Experiences\u0000From India and Turkey","authors":"G. Yılmaz, Saurabh Kumar Dixit","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tea is considered an important symbol of expression of socio-cultural heritage, community bonding, ethnicities, and customs to strengthen local place identity. Tea tourism offers an engaging and enduring gastronomic experience due to the active participation of tourists. This study aims to identify the key destination tea tourism products or experiences. This study uses a qualitative research approach to identify the prime tea tourism products and experiences from two important tea-growing nations, i.e., India and Turkey, ranked second and fifth in global tea production, respectively. The research findings present four main categories: facilities, activities, tours, training, Observation, and twenty-five sub-categories relating to tea tourism products and experiences. This study also strives to discover the contribution of tea tourism products or experiences in the tours conducted by Indian and Turkey travel agencies. This study is one of the first studies to examine the selected elements of tea tourism at the destination. The results will contribute to several theoretical and practical implications concerning tea tourism in tea-producing countries. The study will also offer essential insights into how travel agencies may use tea tourism products and experiences efficiently in packaging their tours.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47912131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of this paper is to shed light on risk perception, travel motivation, and destination image as significant factors in travel intention to international destinations. Understanding the influence of these factors is a strong trend in tourism research. However, limited studies have developed a model to understand global tourist travel intentions post-COVID-19. Because of the pandemic constraints, the world economy and the tourism sector have faced severe negative consequences. These consequences led to a drop in the number of international tourists, representing the primary source of tourism income contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for many developing countries. Governments and stakeholders are striving to ensure the recovery of tourism services and products to attract tourists to safe destinations. Based on the review and analysis of selected studies, this study highlights the significance of critical factors influencing tourists' intention to travel post-pandemic. Additionally, this contribution offers a framework for future studies on crisis-related travel behavior.
{"title":"A Framework for Understanding Travel Intention\u0000Post-Pandemic to International Tourist Destinations","authors":"Mohammad Zain Mheidat, A. Marzuki","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this paper is to shed light on risk perception, travel motivation, and destination image as significant factors in travel intention to international destinations. Understanding the influence of these factors is a strong trend in tourism research. However, limited studies have developed a model to understand global tourist travel intentions post-COVID-19. Because of the pandemic constraints, the world economy and the tourism sector have faced severe negative consequences. These consequences led to a drop in the number of international tourists, representing the primary source of tourism income contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for many developing countries. Governments and stakeholders are striving to ensure the recovery of tourism services and products to attract tourists to safe destinations. Based on the review and analysis of selected studies, this study highlights the significance of critical factors influencing tourists' intention to travel post-pandemic. Additionally, this contribution offers a framework for future studies on crisis-related travel behavior.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Socio-cognitive mindfulness has been applied extensively in recreation, parks, and tourism research. Moscardo first applied Langer’s conception of mindfulness in the field and devised a mindfulness measure that has been subsequently used over the past three decades. This research note describes how this mindfulness measure has been employed in applied research in recreation, parks, and tourism. Other measures of mindfulness as a state of consciousness used in this field and information about scales to measure dispositional mindfulness are likewise addressed. Suggested future use and exploration of Moscardo’s mindfulness measure are also described.
{"title":"Measuring Socio-Cognitive Mindfulness as a State of\u0000Consciousness in Recreation, Parks, and Tourism","authors":"Thomas Eck","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Socio-cognitive mindfulness has been applied extensively in recreation, parks, and tourism research. Moscardo first applied Langer’s conception of mindfulness in the field and devised a mindfulness measure that has been subsequently used over the past three decades. This research note describes how this mindfulness measure has been employed in applied research in recreation, parks, and tourism. Other measures of mindfulness as a state of consciousness used in this field and information about scales to measure dispositional mindfulness are likewise addressed. Suggested future use and exploration of Moscardo’s mindfulness measure are also described.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46036946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandhya Durga Prasad, Bindu Vt, Saurabh Kumar Dixit
In recent years, tourism has increased significantly, especially in developing countries, due to the development of infrastructures like good roads, well-connected airports, and hygienic accommodation facilities. However, the host community's attitude is critical for a tourism destination's strategic growth, development, and sustainability. As such, this study analyses attitudes and perceptions of the local community in Thrissur, a famous cultural destination in Kerala, India. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopted to develop a model for perceived tourism support with community attachment and overall quality of life. This model uses seven constructs: temple place image, economic benefits, social benefits, physical benefits, community attachment, overall quality of life, and perceived tourism support with forty-four attributes. The result indicates that Temple place image, socioeconomic and physical benefits, community attachment, and overall quality of life are predominant determiners for perceived tourism support of the local community.
{"title":"Community Support for Religious Tourism","authors":"Sandhya Durga Prasad, Bindu Vt, Saurabh Kumar Dixit","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, tourism has increased significantly, especially in developing countries, due to the development of infrastructures like good roads, well-connected airports, and hygienic accommodation facilities. However, the host community's attitude is critical for a tourism destination's strategic growth, development, and sustainability. As such, this study analyses attitudes and perceptions of the local community in Thrissur, a famous cultural destination in Kerala, India. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopted to develop a model for perceived tourism support with community attachment and overall quality of life. This model uses seven constructs: temple place image, economic benefits, social benefits, physical benefits, community attachment, overall quality of life, and perceived tourism support with forty-four attributes. The result indicates that Temple place image, socioeconomic and physical benefits, community attachment, and overall quality of life are predominant determiners for perceived tourism support of the local community.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Nisar, K. Hussain, Saira Sohail, S. Yaghmour, Nadia Nasir, Shahbaz Haider
Due to the business complexity and competitive environment, hotels are paying great attention to improve their sustainability performance through greening their workforce. Thus, this study examines the role of Green HRM practices in attaining sustainable environmental performance in Malaysian hotels while considering the crucial role of employees' pro-environmental attitudes, green behaviors, and green work climate perceptions. Data were collected from the employees who were directly engaged in implementing green practices in selected hotels. A survey questionnaire was used for data collection, and about 350 responses were received and applied for analysis through PLS-SEM. Findings revealed that Green HRM practices (green training and involvement, green performance management and compensation) positively and significantly influence employees' pro-environmental attitudes, further promoting green behaviors. It was also found that employees' green behaviors are the key contributors to spurring sustainable hotel performance. Therefore, this study might support decision-makers in understanding the role of Green HR practices in greening the workforce in the hospitality industry context.
{"title":"Green HRM and Sustainable Performance in Malaysian Hotels","authors":"Q. Nisar, K. Hussain, Saira Sohail, S. Yaghmour, Nadia Nasir, Shahbaz Haider","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the business complexity and competitive environment, hotels are paying great attention to improve their sustainability performance through greening their workforce. Thus, this study examines the role of Green HRM practices in attaining sustainable environmental performance in Malaysian hotels while considering the crucial role of employees' pro-environmental attitudes, green behaviors, and green work climate perceptions. Data were collected from the employees who were directly engaged in implementing green practices in selected hotels. A survey questionnaire was used for data collection, and about 350 responses were received and applied for analysis through PLS-SEM. Findings revealed that Green HRM practices (green training and involvement, green performance management and compensation) positively and significantly influence employees' pro-environmental attitudes, further promoting green behaviors. It was also found that employees' green behaviors are the key contributors to spurring sustainable hotel performance. Therefore, this study might support decision-makers in understanding the role of Green HR practices in greening the workforce in the hospitality industry context.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alvaro Rivera-Eraso, David van der Woude, Marithza Sandoval-Escobar, Janitza Ariza-Salazar
Dark tourism is roughly understood as travelling to places historically associated with death and tragedy. However, the determinants of such a specific type of tourism are not well explored. Therefore, this research aims to determine the possible relation between the intention variables, particularly perceived risk and the values of sensation-seeking and hedonism. For this purpose, an online questionnaire of eight subscales was applied to 821 participants, with ages corresponding to generations Y and Z. The results of a structural equation modelling revealed the existence of seven latent variables whose goodness-of-fit suggests that dark tourism is mainly related to the intention to visit and search for information on the Internet. This study is novel compared to previous research in that it suggests that the destination does not have a direct relation to the intention to share information on social media.
{"title":"The\u0000Roles of Purchase Intentions and Social Media in Dark Tourism","authors":"Alvaro Rivera-Eraso, David van der Woude, Marithza Sandoval-Escobar, Janitza Ariza-Salazar","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Dark tourism is roughly understood as travelling to places historically associated with death and tragedy. However, the determinants of such a specific type of tourism are not well explored. Therefore, this research aims to determine the possible relation between the intention variables, particularly perceived risk and the values of sensation-seeking and hedonism. For this purpose, an online questionnaire of eight subscales was applied to 821 participants, with ages corresponding to generations Y and Z. The results of a structural equation modelling revealed the existence of seven latent variables whose goodness-of-fit suggests that dark tourism is mainly related to the intention to visit and search for information on the Internet. This study is novel compared to previous research in that it suggests that the destination does not have a direct relation to the intention to share information on social media.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to test a simplified version of the balanced scorecard (BSC) model for restaurant industry SMEs. This study aims to determine if (I) restaurant managers' perceived business performance correlates to SMEs' (II) actual financial and (III) quality performance. A new variable, the manager's perceived business performance, was added in light of the unique characteristics of restaurant SMEs. We hypothesized that all three business perspectives are positively correlated since restaurant managers must have realistic perceptions of SMEs' business performance. A total of 266 questionnaires were obtained from restaurant managers, and 1,330 questionnaires were obtained from restaurant guests. SMEs' official financial reports served as the basis for the analysis of financial data. Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to investigate the relationships among the three perspectives. Results indicate that managers' perceptions of business performance are not correlated to SMEs' actual financial performance, and managers have realistic perceptions about the quality of what restaurants offer. Interestingly, SMEs' financial performance is not correlated to guests' perceptions of quality. Introducing a new internal perspective indicates the incoherence among the three BSC perspectives. Furthermore, using selected variables highlights the necessity of raising the managerial perspective in future restaurant SME studies.
{"title":"The Interplay Among\u0000Restaurant SMEs' Financial, Quality, and Managers' Perceived Business\u0000Performance","authors":"Marko Kukanja, T. Planinc, Anja Žnidaršič","doi":"10.37741/t.71.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to test a simplified version of the balanced scorecard (BSC) model for restaurant industry SMEs. This study aims to determine if (I) restaurant managers' perceived business performance correlates to SMEs' (II) actual financial and (III) quality performance. A new variable, the manager's perceived business performance, was added in light of the unique characteristics of restaurant SMEs. We hypothesized that all three business perspectives are positively correlated since restaurant managers must have realistic perceptions of SMEs' business performance. A total of 266 questionnaires were obtained from restaurant managers, and 1,330 questionnaires were obtained from restaurant guests. SMEs' official financial reports served as the basis for the analysis of financial data. Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to investigate the relationships among the three perspectives. Results indicate that managers' perceptions of business performance are not correlated to SMEs' actual financial performance, and managers have realistic perceptions about the quality of what restaurants offer. Interestingly, SMEs' financial performance is not correlated to guests' perceptions of quality. Introducing a new internal perspective indicates the incoherence among the three BSC perspectives. Furthermore, using selected variables highlights the necessity of raising the managerial perspective in future restaurant SME studies.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to determine the number of articles dealing with overtourism and undertourism. The authors assume that there is not enough literature dealing with undertourism, while the concept of overtourism has been researched extensively. Undertourism is an underrated concept that requires further research. The selected 41 papers were collected from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases according to basic search criteria. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to reveal important facts about authors, sources, under topics, co-citation, and to classify selected papers according to the methods, techniques, and themes examined. The literature review results revealed that there are numerous papers about overtourism but few about the concept of undertourism. The paper's deficit concerning undertourism demands further research, with a precise and clear definition of the concept, its history, and implications for the sustainability of expanding the existing tourism paradigm.
本研究旨在确定关于过度旅游和旅游不足的文章的数量。作者认为，虽然过度旅游的概念已经得到了广泛的研究，但关于旅游不足的文献还不够。欠旅游是一个被低估的概念，需要进一步研究。选取的41篇论文根据基本检索标准从Web of Science (WOS)和Scopus数据库中检索。定量和定性方法用于揭示作者、来源、主题、共引的重要事实，并根据所检查的方法、技术和主题对选定的论文进行分类。文献综述结果表明，关于过度旅游的研究较多，但关于旅游不足概念的研究较少。本文关于旅游不足的不足需要进一步的研究，对旅游不足的概念、历史和对扩展现有旅游范式的可持续性的影响进行精确而清晰的定义。
{"title":"Undertourism vs. Overtourism","authors":"Sandra Barač Miftarević","doi":"10.37741/t.71.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to determine the number of articles dealing with overtourism and undertourism. The authors assume that there is not enough literature dealing with undertourism, while the concept of overtourism has been researched extensively. Undertourism is an underrated concept that requires further research. The selected 41 papers were collected from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases according to basic search criteria. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to reveal important facts about authors, sources, under topics, co-citation, and to classify selected papers according to the methods, techniques, and themes examined. The literature review results revealed that there are numerous papers about overtourism but few about the concept of undertourism. The paper's deficit concerning undertourism demands further research, with a precise and clear definition of the concept, its history, and implications for the sustainability of expanding the existing tourism paradigm.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attendance is one of the indicators of tourist attractions' success. Zoological gardens are among the most visited tourist attractions. However, there is practically no research on this topic, less so in the post-socialist countries. It is the aim of this article, therefore, to identify, using the example of the Visegrad Four countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), how zoo attendance generally develops and to discuss why it is so. For this purpose, a database of EAZA member zoos in these countries was created. Attendance data was obtained from multiple sources, e.g. from annual reports, the International Zoo Yearbook (IZY) and email communication. It was found that the total attendance has been on the rise since it plummeted at the beginning of the 1990s; Czech zoos went up first and now they are the absolutely most visited, even per capita. The current attendance (2019) to Czech zoos more than doubled compared to the mid-1960s; in Slovakia and Poland it does not reach even 150%. There was an increase of almost 43 % in 2010–2019; the highest one was in Poland. The most visited zoo since 2015 has been the Wrocław Zoo (PL), where an iconic Afrykarium was opened.
{"title":"Zoo Tourism in the Visegrad Four Countries","authors":"Lukáš Nekolný","doi":"10.37741/t.71.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Attendance is one of the indicators of tourist attractions' success. Zoological gardens are among the most visited tourist attractions. However, there is practically no research on this topic, less so in the post-socialist countries. It is the aim of this article, therefore, to identify, using the example of the Visegrad Four countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), how zoo attendance generally develops and to discuss why it is so. For this purpose, a database of EAZA member zoos in these countries was created. Attendance data was obtained from multiple sources, e.g. from annual reports, the International Zoo Yearbook (IZY) and email communication. It was found that the total attendance has been on the rise since it plummeted at the beginning of the 1990s; Czech zoos went up first and now they are the absolutely most visited, even per capita. The current attendance (2019) to Czech zoos more than doubled compared to the mid-1960s; in Slovakia and Poland it does not reach even 150%. There was an increase of almost 43 % in 2010–2019; the highest one was in Poland. The most visited zoo since 2015 has been the Wrocław Zoo (PL), where an iconic Afrykarium was opened.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourists’ behavior has caused unprecedented studies to understand it. However, recent literature has exposed the fragility of understanding and reviewing tourist attribution, especially those established on the locus dimension. The locus dimension studies how tourists assign responsibilities to tourism events, whether internal and/or external causes. However, tourism literature is confused while utilizing the locus dimension. Tourism scholars mix between locus of causality (LOC) and locus of control (LOC) theories. Both have the same abbreviation, but both have different approaches. Therefore, the current study provides a new theoretical review tendency by applying a new concept, namely locus of personal traits (LOPT), with new measurement items for (LOC) and (LOPT). The study revealed that, far from the rhetoric occasionally linked with the locus of control, using the locus of personal traits will mitigate the substantial gap.
{"title":"Tourism Scholars' Confusion About the Locus of Causality and Locus of Control Theories","authors":"M. Saleh, Karina Bogatyreva","doi":"10.37741/t.71.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Tourists’ behavior has caused unprecedented studies to understand it. However, recent literature has exposed the fragility of understanding and reviewing tourist attribution, especially those established on the locus dimension. The locus dimension studies how tourists assign responsibilities to tourism events, whether internal and/or external causes. However, tourism literature is confused while utilizing the locus dimension. Tourism scholars mix between locus of causality (LOC) and locus of control (LOC) theories. Both have the same abbreviation, but both have different approaches. Therefore, the current study provides a new theoretical review tendency by applying a new concept, namely locus of personal traits (LOPT), with new measurement items for (LOC) and (LOPT). The study revealed that, far from the rhetoric occasionally linked with the locus of control, using the locus of personal traits will mitigate the substantial gap.","PeriodicalId":46641,"journal":{"name":"Tourism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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