Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4268
Aniket Martins
Since the dawn of mankind, the stars have been an inspiration for humanity. From the studies of the Greeks and the observations of the Indians and Chinese to Da Vinci’s plans and the research of the Wright Brothers, exploring the sky, space and stars has always been at the forefront of human ingenuity. In the United States, the idea of flight exploration began in the early 1900s: a true embodiment of the American dream. This paper examines developments in politics, economics and social movements in 1900s America while contrasting claims with counter arguments and exposing continuities in U.S. history to discuss the impact of the aerospace and defense industry on U.S. society. From Women’s Rights and Civil Rights to military and economics, the growth of the aerospace and defense industry paralleled a period of radical growth for American society creating lasting changes in the process.
{"title":"The Aerospace Industry’s Impact on 20th Century American Society","authors":"Aniket Martins","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4268","url":null,"abstract":"Since the dawn of mankind, the stars have been an inspiration for humanity. From the studies of the Greeks and the observations of the Indians and Chinese to Da Vinci’s plans and the research of the Wright Brothers, exploring the sky, space and stars has always been at the forefront of human ingenuity. In the United States, the idea of flight exploration began in the early 1900s: a true embodiment of the American dream. This paper examines developments in politics, economics and social movements in 1900s America while contrasting claims with counter arguments and exposing continuities in U.S. history to discuss the impact of the aerospace and defense industry on U.S. society. From Women’s Rights and Civil Rights to military and economics, the growth of the aerospace and defense industry paralleled a period of radical growth for American society creating lasting changes in the process.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77995651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4200
Xiaorui Yang, Haotian Chen
Numerous physical and chemical problems at a high school level can be described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the underlying equations troubled high school students because they often lack advanced mathematical skills, such as discrete calculus. Our goal is not to elaborate on those skills, but to offer a shortcut to the solution. In this paper, we demonstrated the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), a neural network which solves the PDEs by incorporating the PDEs into the loss functions. The heat transfer equation and second order chemical kinetics are the two chosen model problems for high school seniors. Using PINNs, we were able to solve these two problems without recurring to university math. Hence, we strongly recommend peers to employ this method for physical or chemical problems for high school students and beyond.
{"title":"Solving Partial Differential Equations for Physical and Chemical Problems Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks","authors":"Xiaorui Yang, Haotian Chen","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4200","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous physical and chemical problems at a high school level can be described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the underlying equations troubled high school students because they often lack advanced mathematical skills, such as discrete calculus. Our goal is not to elaborate on those skills, but to offer a shortcut to the solution. In this paper, we demonstrated the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), a neural network which solves the PDEs by incorporating the PDEs into the loss functions. The heat transfer equation and second order chemical kinetics are the two chosen model problems for high school seniors. Using PINNs, we were able to solve these two problems without recurring to university math. Hence, we strongly recommend peers to employ this method for physical or chemical problems for high school students and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85397121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Second language learning research suggests that visual aids and illustrations have the potential to enhance proficiency and retention of vocabulary terms in a foreign language. This study builds off of this literature by studying Native English speakers learning of Polish words using images versus no images. This quantitative study compares the effectiveness of 2 learning methods within groups that studied 10 vocabulary terms in Polish: (1) participants studying with virtual flashcards with illustrations, and (2) participants studying with virtual flashcards without illustrations. After a 10-minute virtual tutorial, participants were asked to fill out a Google form that measured their vocabulary retention. They were then asked to fill out the same Google form after 5 days. Keywords: Audio-aided flashcards, Flashcards, L2 vocabulary learning, Pandemic, Proficiency, Retainment, Virtual learning conditions, Visual aid
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Teaching L2 Vocabulary with and without Illustrations to Virtual EFL Learners","authors":"Natalie Piskadlo, Tara-Marie Desruisseaux, Kathleen Prinzo","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4234","url":null,"abstract":"Second language learning research suggests that visual aids and illustrations have the potential to enhance proficiency and retention of vocabulary terms in a foreign language. This study builds off of this literature by studying Native English speakers learning of Polish words using images versus no images. This quantitative study compares the effectiveness of 2 learning methods within groups that studied 10 vocabulary terms in Polish: (1) participants studying with virtual flashcards with illustrations, and (2) participants studying with virtual flashcards without illustrations. After a 10-minute virtual tutorial, participants were asked to fill out a Google form that measured their vocabulary retention. They were then asked to fill out the same Google form after 5 days. \u0000Keywords: Audio-aided flashcards, Flashcards, L2 vocabulary learning, Pandemic, Proficiency, Retainment, Virtual learning conditions, Visual aid","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85507384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4262
Ryan Fernandez, Alejandro Victoria
Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab), which is native to coastal estuarine habitats along the east coast of Asia, have overtaken a wide range of the coast in the northeastern region of the United States. Intertidal population densities of Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Cancer irroratus (Atlantic rock crab), Littorina littorea (Common periwinkle), and Modiolus demissus (Atlantic Ribbed Mussel), among others, were measured at three sample sites from 8/2/22 to 11/14/22 using quadrat sampling techniques. A period of removal was enacted solely upon Sample site #1 from 9/28/22 to 11/2/22 to cause a reduction in the Asian shore crab population. During the period of removal, no statistically significant changes in Asian shore crab demographics (Carapace size/sex ratios) would be observed (p = 0.181 for carapace size changes). There would however be an 8% decrease in Asian shore crab population density within Sample site #1, comparative to a 1% increase at Sample site 2. Rock crab population density at Sample site #1 would increase by a relatively drastic 31%, whereas the Rock crab population would experience only a 7% increase at Sample site #2. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to derive the effective number of species (ENS). There would be a drastic difference in change of ENS following the removal period at Sample site #1 (increase of 0.248 ENS), and the change of ENS at Sample site #2 (decrease of 0.024 ENS), suggesting the reduction in Asian Shore Crab population played a role in increased population diversity of intertidal resident species.
{"title":"Population Dynamics of Intertidal Resident Species during a Reduction in Asian Shore Crab Population","authors":"Ryan Fernandez, Alejandro Victoria","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4262","url":null,"abstract":"Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab), which is native to coastal estuarine habitats along the east coast of Asia, have overtaken a wide range of the coast in the northeastern region of the United States. Intertidal population densities of Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Cancer irroratus (Atlantic rock crab), Littorina littorea (Common periwinkle), and Modiolus demissus (Atlantic Ribbed Mussel), among others, were measured at three sample sites from 8/2/22 to 11/14/22 using quadrat sampling techniques. A period of removal was enacted solely upon Sample site #1 from 9/28/22 to 11/2/22 to cause a reduction in the Asian shore crab population. During the period of removal, no statistically significant changes in Asian shore crab demographics (Carapace size/sex ratios) would be observed (p = 0.181 for carapace size changes). There would however be an 8% decrease in Asian shore crab population density within Sample site #1, comparative to a 1% increase at Sample site 2. Rock crab population density at Sample site #1 would increase by a relatively drastic 31%, whereas the Rock crab population would experience only a 7% increase at Sample site #2. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was used to derive the effective number of species (ENS). There would be a drastic difference in change of ENS following the removal period at Sample site #1 (increase of 0.248 ENS), and the change of ENS at Sample site #2 (decrease of 0.024 ENS), suggesting the reduction in Asian Shore Crab population played a role in increased population diversity of intertidal resident species.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85511555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4420
Mohammad Qasim Minhas
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, as 2.1 million people were diagnosed with the disease and 1.8 million passed away from lung cancer worldwide in 2018.[1] The condition is split into two sections: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). In this research paper, I discuss key aspects of NSCLC, including risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and epidemiology. Lastly, I conclude by outlining ongoing research aiming to prevent NSCLC. [1] Word Health Organization. Cancer Fact Sheet, 2018.
{"title":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Updated Overview","authors":"Mohammad Qasim Minhas","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4420","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, as 2.1 million people were diagnosed with the disease and 1.8 million passed away from lung cancer worldwide in 2018.[1] The condition is split into two sections: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). In this research paper, I discuss key aspects of NSCLC, including risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and epidemiology. Lastly, I conclude by outlining ongoing research aiming to prevent NSCLC. \u0000 \u0000[1] Word Health Organization. Cancer Fact Sheet, 2018.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85596630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4318
Abhiraj Kumat
This paper speaks about the effects of the Taliban returning to Afghanistan and its effects on the monetary and fiscalpolicies of the country. This paper provides adequate background information and context by talking about thehistorical overview of Afghanistan which includes the social, cultural, and geographical history. Consequently, italso exhibits the reasons that caused the Taliban to take over the country with reference to the U.S.A, 9/11 attacksand finally the return of U.S.A troops from Afghanistan in 2021. This paper then explains the meaning of monetaryand fiscal policy while enumerating the roles and tools of the policies and the functioning. It then compares themonetary and fiscal policy of Afghanistan before and after Taliban’s takeover due to the lack of official data andliterature, this paper also proposes to first estimate a Taylor rule for the central bank of Afghanistan prior to theTaliban’s takeover and then predict the central bank’s reaction function to current output and inflation. Acomparison between interest rates and current interest rates sheds more light on the impact of the Taliban overmonetary policy. Finally, the paper presents a macro snapshot, acting as a comparative study between the inflationof Afghanistan and its neighbours.
{"title":"The effects of the Taliban returning to Afghanistan and its effects on the monetary and fiscal policies of the country.","authors":"Abhiraj Kumat","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4318","url":null,"abstract":"This paper speaks about the effects of the Taliban returning to Afghanistan and its effects on the monetary and fiscalpolicies of the country. This paper provides adequate background information and context by talking about thehistorical overview of Afghanistan which includes the social, cultural, and geographical history. Consequently, italso exhibits the reasons that caused the Taliban to take over the country with reference to the U.S.A, 9/11 attacksand finally the return of U.S.A troops from Afghanistan in 2021. This paper then explains the meaning of monetaryand fiscal policy while enumerating the roles and tools of the policies and the functioning. It then compares themonetary and fiscal policy of Afghanistan before and after Taliban’s takeover due to the lack of official data andliterature, this paper also proposes to first estimate a Taylor rule for the central bank of Afghanistan prior to theTaliban’s takeover and then predict the central bank’s reaction function to current output and inflation. Acomparison between interest rates and current interest rates sheds more light on the impact of the Taliban overmonetary policy. Finally, the paper presents a macro snapshot, acting as a comparative study between the inflationof Afghanistan and its neighbours.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4283
Chandni Kumar, Tom McClelland
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a method used to teach machines to process and experience data/information the way humans do. The claustrum, the cellular unit of the nervous system that communicates with the body through electrical patterns, is an excellent model for AI when trying to derive consciousness. It has been used as a model for neural networks to teach machines to process, experience, and process information the way people do. This paper discusses the need to understand what makes a human conscious in order to determine if an inorganic addition affects this consciousness in the face of innovations such as neural implants and other brain-computer interface technologies that aim to merge the human brain and computers. It is important to examine the impact AI has on the conscious mind and the possibility of extended consciousness.
{"title":"AI and the Neurobiology of Consciousness","authors":"Chandni Kumar, Tom McClelland","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4283","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a method used to teach machines to process and experience data/information the way humans do. The claustrum, the cellular unit of the nervous system that communicates with the body through electrical patterns, is an excellent model for AI when trying to derive consciousness. It has been used as a model for neural networks to teach machines to process, experience, and process information the way people do. This paper discusses the need to understand what makes a human conscious in order to determine if an inorganic addition affects this consciousness in the face of innovations such as neural implants and other brain-computer interface technologies that aim to merge the human brain and computers. It is important to examine the impact AI has on the conscious mind and the possibility of extended consciousness.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76550717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4168
Dhruva Soni, Lauren Galluci
Many people in the world are known to have Alzheimer’s disease though not many people know what causes it or how it fully impacts a person. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that causes people to forget events in their past. With a large proportion of the population affected by this disease, it is essential that they learn about this dangerous mental disease that plagues our lands. This review article thoroughly evaluates the causes of this disease, and the people who are susceptible to it. It talks about the symptoms and how they affect the individual who is diagnosed with it. It also discusses treatments for this type of dementia, and also previews the long-awaited cure for this disease which will be released in the future.
{"title":"The Causes and Effects of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Dhruva Soni, Lauren Galluci","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4168","url":null,"abstract":"Many people in the world are known to have Alzheimer’s disease though not many people know what causes it or how it fully impacts a person. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder that causes people to forget events in their past. With a large proportion of the population affected by this disease, it is essential that they learn about this dangerous mental disease that plagues our lands. This review article thoroughly evaluates the causes of this disease, and the people who are susceptible to it. It talks about the symptoms and how they affect the individual who is diagnosed with it. It also discusses treatments for this type of dementia, and also previews the long-awaited cure for this disease which will be released in the future.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"376 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76760357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4388
Chaoyi Jiang, G. Goldsztein
Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful tool that can be used in many applications of machine learning. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using a CNN to classify images in the CIFAR-10 dataset. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.6276 and a loss of 1.116452 on the validation set. It was observed that the accuracy of predictions varied from class to class, and this paper discusses the potential causes for this variation, such as similar classes sharing common features. Further research in this field could lead to improvement in driving assistance technology and eventually automated driving.
{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network Approach to Classifying the CIFAR-10 Dataset","authors":"Chaoyi Jiang, G. Goldsztein","doi":"10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i2.4388","url":null,"abstract":"Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful tool that can be used in many applications of machine learning. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using a CNN to classify images in the CIFAR-10 dataset. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.6276 and a loss of 1.116452 on the validation set. It was observed that the accuracy of predictions varied from class to class, and this paper discusses the potential causes for this variation, such as similar classes sharing common features. Further research in this field could lead to improvement in driving assistance technology and eventually automated driving.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78114082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and as with other developmental disabilities, individuals with DS may present with challenging behavior (e.g., aggression, tantrums, self-injurious behavior; Feeley & Jones, 2006). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of challenging behavior in those with DS by surveying caregivers of individuals with DS via Qualtrics. A link to our survey was sent out to national and local organizations that support the DS population with a request to disseminate the link. Given limited response, the survey was modified (shorted and reorganized) and a link to the revised survey was disseminated via Facebook to groups focused on DS. Although both surveys received limited responses, there are preliminary findings worth exploring further. Aggression, noncompliance, and tantrum behaviors were frequently reported behavior and, escape and attention were the most reported perceived functions of behavior. Challenging behavior is reported in DS by caregivers. Future research should be conducted to examine the prevalence and function of challenging behavior in DS to develop effective preventative approaches to challenging behavior while promoting skill acquisition.
{"title":"Challenging Behavior in Down Syndrome: Initial Surveys Evaluating Co-occurrence","authors":"M. Valdovinos","doi":"10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v12i2.1942","url":null,"abstract":"Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and as with other developmental disabilities, individuals with DS may present with challenging behavior (e.g., aggression, tantrums, self-injurious behavior; Feeley & Jones, 2006). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of challenging behavior in those with DS by surveying caregivers of individuals with DS via Qualtrics. A link to our survey was sent out to national and local organizations that support the DS population with a request to disseminate the link. Given limited response, the survey was modified (shorted and reorganized) and a link to the revised survey was disseminated via Facebook to groups focused on DS. Although both surveys received limited responses, there are preliminary findings worth exploring further. Aggression, noncompliance, and tantrum behaviors were frequently reported behavior and, escape and attention were the most reported perceived functions of behavior. Challenging behavior is reported in DS by caregivers. Future research should be conducted to examine the prevalence and function of challenging behavior in DS to develop effective preventative approaches to challenging behavior while promoting skill acquisition.","PeriodicalId":46753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85528468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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