Pub Date : 2022-02-26DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.2002178
W. C. Wallace, Keel County, Karen Lancaster-Ellis
ABSTRACT The global lockdown that began in March 2020 as a result of Covid-19 pandemic created numerous challenges for employees and employers, and policing was no exception. As the coercive arm of the state, police officers were asked by governments all over the world to enforce restrictions on the movement of people in an effort to ensure compliance with Covid-19 Public Health regulations. As a result of this increased mandate given to the police, the authors of this article were interested in the impact that the enforcement of Covid-19 regulations had on the relationship between the public and the police in Trinidad and Tobago. With this in mind, a quantitative, online approach was utilized to achieve the study’s goals. The study utilized adult residents of Trinidad and Tobago (n = 1,675) and questioned them on their views regarding the approach taken by members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) in enforcing Covid-19 regulations. The quantitative data were analyzed overall as well as by Police Division, age, ethnicity, and gender. The results indicated overall support for the police enforcement of Covid-19 regulations as well as equitableness in their enforcement of the regulations. Other results and implications for policy are discussed.
{"title":"Policing the pandemic: public views of the police approach to enforcement of covid-19 public health regulations in Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"W. C. Wallace, Keel County, Karen Lancaster-Ellis","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.2002178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.2002178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The global lockdown that began in March 2020 as a result of Covid-19 pandemic created numerous challenges for employees and employers, and policing was no exception. As the coercive arm of the state, police officers were asked by governments all over the world to enforce restrictions on the movement of people in an effort to ensure compliance with Covid-19 Public Health regulations. As a result of this increased mandate given to the police, the authors of this article were interested in the impact that the enforcement of Covid-19 regulations had on the relationship between the public and the police in Trinidad and Tobago. With this in mind, a quantitative, online approach was utilized to achieve the study’s goals. The study utilized adult residents of Trinidad and Tobago (n = 1,675) and questioned them on their views regarding the approach taken by members of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) in enforcing Covid-19 regulations. The quantitative data were analyzed overall as well as by Police Division, age, ethnicity, and gender. The results indicated overall support for the police enforcement of Covid-19 regulations as well as equitableness in their enforcement of the regulations. Other results and implications for policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"506 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42745542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.2024082
J. Gau, E. A. Paoline, Nicholas D. Paul
ABSTRACT With police facing constant negative publicity, concerns have been raised that officers working the street will draw back on their efforts. Prior research relying on official data has not found increases in crime as a result of this so-called Ferguson or de-policing effect. In the present study, it is argued that officers’ own reported willingness to initiate proactive enforcement activities should be added to this body of research. If there is a Ferguson effect, it most likely exists in the realm of high-discretion, low-visibility decision making. Data are from surveys administered in-person to officers in a large, urban department. Results show that officers who perceive higher levels of negative publicity feel that police are less likely to self-initiate stops. Those who feared being filmed unfairly also reported reluctance among their colleagues. Perceptions of being supported by top management appeared to be a protective factor, with those experiencing strong support from managers reporting less concern about self-initiated enforcement. Findings support the existence of a de-policing or Ferguson effect insofar as intense scrutiny from the public and media appear to discourage some officers from initiating proactive stops. This indicates that when de-policing occurs, it is likely concentrated among high-discretion, low-visibility decisions.
{"title":"De-policing as a result of public scrutiny: examining officers’ perceptions of negative media attention and willingness to engage in self-initiated activity","authors":"J. Gau, E. A. Paoline, Nicholas D. Paul","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.2024082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.2024082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With police facing constant negative publicity, concerns have been raised that officers working the street will draw back on their efforts. Prior research relying on official data has not found increases in crime as a result of this so-called Ferguson or de-policing effect. In the present study, it is argued that officers’ own reported willingness to initiate proactive enforcement activities should be added to this body of research. If there is a Ferguson effect, it most likely exists in the realm of high-discretion, low-visibility decision making. Data are from surveys administered in-person to officers in a large, urban department. Results show that officers who perceive higher levels of negative publicity feel that police are less likely to self-initiate stops. Those who feared being filmed unfairly also reported reluctance among their colleagues. Perceptions of being supported by top management appeared to be a protective factor, with those experiencing strong support from managers reporting less concern about self-initiated enforcement. Findings support the existence of a de-policing or Ferguson effect insofar as intense scrutiny from the public and media appear to discourage some officers from initiating proactive stops. This indicates that when de-policing occurs, it is likely concentrated among high-discretion, low-visibility decisions.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"539 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2022.2026807
Joshua H. Williams, Mica Deckard, R. Rosenfeld
ABSTRACT Drawing on the minority threat and focal concerns theoretical perspectives on criminal justice outcomes, the current study of arrests for firearm-related felony offenses in St. Louis examines the effect of neighborhood context on formal charges, bail, pretrial detention, and sentencing. The study finds that individuals charged with committing a firearm-related felony in More socioeconomically adVantaged neighborhoods receive significantly higher bail than those arrested for the same crimes in less advantaged neighborhoods. High bail increases the length of pretrial detention, which in turn raises the probability that the individual is sentenced to prison rather than placed on probation. The results highlight the importance of modeling the cumulative process of case disposition when assessing the influence of community context on criminal justice decision-making.
{"title":"Neighborhood matters: the impact of community context on the cumulative case processing of firearm offenses","authors":"Joshua H. Williams, Mica Deckard, R. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2022.2026807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2022.2026807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on the minority threat and focal concerns theoretical perspectives on criminal justice outcomes, the current study of arrests for firearm-related felony offenses in St. Louis examines the effect of neighborhood context on formal charges, bail, pretrial detention, and sentencing. The study finds that individuals charged with committing a firearm-related felony in More socioeconomically adVantaged neighborhoods receive significantly higher bail than those arrested for the same crimes in less advantaged neighborhoods. High bail increases the length of pretrial detention, which in turn raises the probability that the individual is sentenced to prison rather than placed on probation. The results highlight the importance of modeling the cumulative process of case disposition when assessing the influence of community context on criminal justice decision-making.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"646 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44233846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.2016474
Tali Inbar-Frohlich, Natti Ronel, Moshe Bensimon
ABSTRACT Ideological delinquency of animal rights activists has been studied, but there is a lack of research into its impact on family members. The present study examines how 18 family members (nine parents, nine partners) of ideological lawbreaking animal rights activists perceived their relationship with the activists. The analysis of semi-structured interviews describes the reasons the family members joined activism and the differences between those who became law-abiding vs. those who became lawbreaking activists. The familial-ideological spin model explains the process of ‘infection’ by which family members can be drawn into ideological activity; some of them may experience familial-ideological criminal spin.
{"title":"The influence of lawbreaking animal rights activists on their family members: the familial-ideological spin model","authors":"Tali Inbar-Frohlich, Natti Ronel, Moshe Bensimon","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.2016474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.2016474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ideological delinquency of animal rights activists has been studied, but there is a lack of research into its impact on family members. The present study examines how 18 family members (nine parents, nine partners) of ideological lawbreaking animal rights activists perceived their relationship with the activists. The analysis of semi-structured interviews describes the reasons the family members joined activism and the differences between those who became law-abiding vs. those who became lawbreaking activists. The familial-ideological spin model explains the process of ‘infection’ by which family members can be drawn into ideological activity; some of them may experience familial-ideological criminal spin.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"662 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42097425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.2014934
D. Kim, William P. McCarty
ABSTRACT The current study estimates the impact of the SAH order on violent crimes across public and residential locations: assault, battery, homicide, robbery, and sexual assault. Using interrupted time series analyses, it analyzes weekly crime data in Chicago, Illinois, from 2017 to 2020. The SAH order caused significant decreases in battery and sexual assault across public and residential locations. It also decreased assault in public locations only. Such decreases in assault, battery, and sexual assault were greater under the SAH order when social distancing was strictly enforced, as opposed to during the relaxation of social distancing. On the other hand, there were significant increases in homicide across public and residential locations. Robbery increased in public locations only. There were greater increases in homicide and robbery during the relaxation of social distancing, as opposed to under the SAH order. The study ultimately indicates that the impacts of the containment measures are conditional upon the offense location, type of crime, and level of social distancing being mandated. From a public policy perspective, it is important to allocate staffing and resources for law enforcement accordingly during the enduring pandemic.
{"title":"Exploring violent crimes in Chicago during the COVID-19 pandemic: do location, crime type, and social distancing type matter?","authors":"D. Kim, William P. McCarty","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.2014934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.2014934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study estimates the impact of the SAH order on violent crimes across public and residential locations: assault, battery, homicide, robbery, and sexual assault. Using interrupted time series analyses, it analyzes weekly crime data in Chicago, Illinois, from 2017 to 2020. The SAH order caused significant decreases in battery and sexual assault across public and residential locations. It also decreased assault in public locations only. Such decreases in assault, battery, and sexual assault were greater under the SAH order when social distancing was strictly enforced, as opposed to during the relaxation of social distancing. On the other hand, there were significant increases in homicide across public and residential locations. Robbery increased in public locations only. There were greater increases in homicide and robbery during the relaxation of social distancing, as opposed to under the SAH order. The study ultimately indicates that the impacts of the containment measures are conditional upon the offense location, type of crime, and level of social distancing being mandated. From a public policy perspective, it is important to allocate staffing and resources for law enforcement accordingly during the enduring pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"522 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46062104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-14DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.1997788
Christopher J. Sullivan, James T. McCafferty, Jamie Newsome, Amber Mandalari
ABSTRACT U.S. states have made a good deal of progress in reducing the number of youths incarcerated in residential facilities in recent decades. While this is a positive development, racial and ethnic disparities (RED) persist in which youths are being placed in these facilities. That incongruence means that youths of color are still poised to experience the downsides of those custodial experiences. Juvenile risk and needs assessment (JRNA) has been endorsed as one means of reducing RED in the juvenile justice system, but the literature on performance across race and ethnicity subgroups is limited and mixed to date. This study uses data from 680 youth in juvenile residential facilities in a Western U.S. state, including large subsamples of White and Hispanic youths, to investigate the performance of a JRNA tool, the Ohio Youth Assessment System. The analyses focus on race and ethnicity differences in prevalence of risk and needs; predictive validity across groups; and measurement invariance between White and Hispanic youths. The discussion focuses on key findings and their implications for addressing RED in juvenile justice.
{"title":"Predictive validity and measurement invariance in juvenile risk assessment: Implications for racial and ethnic disparities in juvenile justice","authors":"Christopher J. Sullivan, James T. McCafferty, Jamie Newsome, Amber Mandalari","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.1997788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.1997788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT U.S. states have made a good deal of progress in reducing the number of youths incarcerated in residential facilities in recent decades. While this is a positive development, racial and ethnic disparities (RED) persist in which youths are being placed in these facilities. That incongruence means that youths of color are still poised to experience the downsides of those custodial experiences. Juvenile risk and needs assessment (JRNA) has been endorsed as one means of reducing RED in the juvenile justice system, but the literature on performance across race and ethnicity subgroups is limited and mixed to date. This study uses data from 680 youth in juvenile residential facilities in a Western U.S. state, including large subsamples of White and Hispanic youths, to investigate the performance of a JRNA tool, the Ohio Youth Assessment System. The analyses focus on race and ethnicity differences in prevalence of risk and needs; predictive validity across groups; and measurement invariance between White and Hispanic youths. The discussion focuses on key findings and their implications for addressing RED in juvenile justice.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"409 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990786
Brendan Szendrő
ABSTRACT Americans confront public forms of violence on a strikingly regular basis. Shootings within schools, religious institutions or simply crowded spaces have attracted significant media attention. The question remains, then, as to what role, if any, can existing institutions play in mitigating these factors – and, if so, what institutions? I argue that the presence of religious institutions will decrease the likelihood of a mass public shooting occurring. Religious institutions are particularly effective at building social capital. Mass public shootings in particular speak to widespread alienation from parochial environments. I test this theory using county-level data on religious congregations and mass public shootings for the lower 48 states. I find that that over the range of religious congregation presence, the likelihood of a mass public shooting declines from 1 in 40 to effectively zero. This result is robust across multiple definitions of ‘mass public shooting’ but decreases in effectivity as the definition is broadened to other types of mass shootings. This study fills a well-documented void of county-level structural analysis in the existing literature.
{"title":"Community, faith, and public violence: A county-level examination of religious institutions and mass public shootings in the United States","authors":"Brendan Szendrő","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990786","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Americans confront public forms of violence on a strikingly regular basis. Shootings within schools, religious institutions or simply crowded spaces have attracted significant media attention. The question remains, then, as to what role, if any, can existing institutions play in mitigating these factors – and, if so, what institutions? I argue that the presence of religious institutions will decrease the likelihood of a mass public shooting occurring. Religious institutions are particularly effective at building social capital. Mass public shootings in particular speak to widespread alienation from parochial environments. I test this theory using county-level data on religious congregations and mass public shootings for the lower 48 states. I find that that over the range of religious congregation presence, the likelihood of a mass public shooting declines from 1 in 40 to effectively zero. This result is robust across multiple definitions of ‘mass public shooting’ but decreases in effectivity as the definition is broadened to other types of mass shootings. This study fills a well-documented void of county-level structural analysis in the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"467 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47185084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.1996441
Kareem L. Jordan, Rimonda Maroun
ABSTRACT The current study examines whether racial/ethnic threat theory can explain juvenile court outcomes. Specifically, we look at Black population threat and Latino population threat. We also introduce White population as a threat that can be incorporated into the theory. Using data from over 55,000 juvenile court cases in over 400 neighborhoods, we found mixed support racial/ethnic threat. Latino population threat had the greatest impact on juvenile court outcomes, while Black population threat and White population threat had less support and also findings that are inconsistent with the theory. Empirical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed along with directions for future research.
{"title":"Examining the impact of racial/ethnic threat on juvenile court outcomes: a multi-level approach","authors":"Kareem L. Jordan, Rimonda Maroun","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.1996441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.1996441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study examines whether racial/ethnic threat theory can explain juvenile court outcomes. Specifically, we look at Black population threat and Latino population threat. We also introduce White population as a threat that can be incorporated into the theory. Using data from over 55,000 juvenile court cases in over 400 neighborhoods, we found mixed support racial/ethnic threat. Latino population threat had the greatest impact on juvenile court outcomes, while Black population threat and White population threat had less support and also findings that are inconsistent with the theory. Empirical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed along with directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"450 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990785
P. G. Lowery, Sarah Jane Brubaker
ABSTRACT Prior research has established that family status, race, and community characteristics have a significant impact independently on the various stages of the juvenile justice process, particularly as it relates to ‘back-end’ decisions within the juvenile court. Despite this large body of the literature on ‘back-end’ decision-making in juvenile justice, limited research focuses on the impact of family function and structure through the lens of symbolic threat. Thus, the present study explores the effect of race, family status, and community characteristics – on juvenile institutionalization versus community placement outcomes. The results of the present study provided some support for symbolic threat; implications for theory, practice, and policy are discussed based on the outcomes of the study.
{"title":"Exploring race, family, and community variation in juvenile institutionalization through the perspective of symbolic threat","authors":"P. G. Lowery, Sarah Jane Brubaker","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.1990785","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior research has established that family status, race, and community characteristics have a significant impact independently on the various stages of the juvenile justice process, particularly as it relates to ‘back-end’ decisions within the juvenile court. Despite this large body of the literature on ‘back-end’ decision-making in juvenile justice, limited research focuses on the impact of family function and structure through the lens of symbolic threat. Thus, the present study explores the effect of race, family status, and community characteristics – on juvenile institutionalization versus community placement outcomes. The results of the present study provided some support for symbolic threat; implications for theory, practice, and policy are discussed based on the outcomes of the study.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"381 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2021.1991835
Chae M. Jaynes, Theodore Wilson
ABSTRACT The celerity tenet has traditionally been interpreted to suggest that a swift punishment is more effective than one that is delayed because it is more aversive, which should prompt individuals to prefer delayed punishments. This article suggests an alternative – that individuals prefer immediate sanctioning because delayed sanctions may invoke costly negative emotions. Sanction temporal preferences are investigated among young adults who answered questions pertaining to scenarios while sanction type, severity and timing were varied. Contrasting classical expectations, findings suggest that respondents expressed strong and consistent preferences for immediate sanctioning; a preference which was more tenuous among financial sanctions. Our findings underscore the need to consider preferences surrounding sanction timing more carefully.
{"title":"Dreading delayed punishment: Reconceptualizing sanction “celerity”","authors":"Chae M. Jaynes, Theodore Wilson","doi":"10.1080/0735648X.2021.1991835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2021.1991835","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The celerity tenet has traditionally been interpreted to suggest that a swift punishment is more effective than one that is delayed because it is more aversive, which should prompt individuals to prefer delayed punishments. This article suggests an alternative – that individuals prefer immediate sanctioning because delayed sanctions may invoke costly negative emotions. Sanction temporal preferences are investigated among young adults who answered questions pertaining to scenarios while sanction type, severity and timing were varied. Contrasting classical expectations, findings suggest that respondents expressed strong and consistent preferences for immediate sanctioning; a preference which was more tenuous among financial sanctions. Our findings underscore the need to consider preferences surrounding sanction timing more carefully.","PeriodicalId":46770,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crime & Justice","volume":"45 1","pages":"285 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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