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Dynastic aura: Proximity to the powerful and its promise in corporate South Korea 活力光环:接近权贵及其在韩国企业界的前景
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211038606
Michael M. Prentice
This article discusses the experiences of high-level managers at a South Korean conglomerate named ‘Sangdo’ who worked within the corporate group’s head office under the owner-executive family. These highly credentialled professionals were attracted to the idea of working directly under or alongside an elite, wealthy corporate dynasty who both owned the conglomerate and were its top executives. Rather than seeing this as a site of inherent conflict between the familial and the professional, I describe how the idea of working alongside and for such elites was enhanced by a ‘dynastic aura’. Through the concept of dynastic aura, I highlight how, in South Korea, families that own business groups are objects of public fascination, particularly as indicators of the future of the economy. In the context of Sangdo, I describe how managers were drawn to the potential of working with a new generation of Sangdo ownership, who sought to centralize and systematize expertise within a holding company. I show how this aura figuratively wore off for managers as they came to understand that ownership was just as entangled in the corporate form – not necessarily above or outside of it – as they were. The article highlights how certain aspects of kinship (such as dynasties and generational succession) still animate capitalist labour, even for non-family members. Additionally, the article calls attention to the way that actors engage with and understand powerful actors in their own right, going beyond accounts of anthropologists’ own direct encounters with the powerful.
这篇文章讨论了一家名为“Sangdo”的韩国企业集团的高层管理人员的经历,他们在该企业集团的总部内,在所有者-高管家族的领导下工作。这些资历深厚的专业人士被直接在一个精英、富有的企业王朝手下或与之并肩工作的想法所吸引,这个王朝既是该集团的所有者,也是该集团的高管。我并没有将其视为家庭和职业之间固有冲突的场所,而是描述了与这些精英并肩作战并为他们服务的想法是如何因“王朝光环”而增强的。通过王朝光环的概念,我强调了在韩国,拥有企业集团的家庭是如何成为公众着迷的对象,尤其是作为经济未来的指标。在Sangdo的背景下,我描述了管理者是如何被吸引到与新一代Sangdo所有权合作的潜力中的,他们试图在控股公司内集中和系统化专业知识。我展示了这种光环是如何象征性地消失的,因为经理们逐渐明白,所有权与公司形式一样纠缠在一起——不一定在公司形式之上或之外——就像他们一样。这篇文章强调了亲属关系的某些方面(如王朝和代际继承)如何仍然激励着资本主义劳动,即使是对非家庭成员来说也是如此。此外,这篇文章呼吁人们注意行动者以自己的权利与有权势的行动者接触和理解的方式,超越了人类学家自己与有权势者直接接触的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Rich man, poor man, middleman, thing: Distributing power 富人,穷人,中间人,东西:分配权力
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211040154
E. Hertz
The author reviews the fine ethnographic analyses in this special issue and argues that they become more coherent if power is understood as a sociotechnological network. This further implies that anthropologists' conclusions about how power is exercised must be modest, both historically situated and politically targeted, if the discipline wishes to contribute meaningfully to holding the powerful to account.
作者回顾了本期特刊中的优秀人种学分析,并认为如果权力被理解为一个社会技术网络,它们就会变得更加连贯。这进一步意味着,如果人类学家希望为追究权贵的责任做出有意义的贡献,那么他们关于权力如何行使的结论必须是适度的,无论是历史背景还是政治目标。
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引用次数: 0
Power and precariousness in the expert hierarchies of the US hydrocarbon industry 美国碳氢化合物行业专家阶层的权力和不稳定
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211038608
S. Field
Drawing on ethnographic research in Houston, Texas, I explore how oil and gas experts negotiate social power and precariousness within the US hydrocarbon sector. In an industry long associated with corporate power, the careers of experts are precariously balanced on rising and falling hydrocarbon prices. This makes the social power these experts wield as fluid as the commodities they are premised on. I show that informal social networks solidified by industry associations can buffer this precariousness by opening new employment opportunities and allowing them to maintain their connection to elite industry circles through periods of unemployment and uncertainty. For many working in the industry, precariousness defines the US hydrocarbon sector as much as the wealth that it is known to generate. Precariousness, I argue, is not just experienced by specific groups of people but rather is a general characteristic of capitalism that touches all but a select few.
根据德克萨斯州休斯顿的人种学研究,我探讨了石油和天然气专家如何在美国碳氢化合物行业内谈判社会权力和不稳定。在一个长期与企业权力联系在一起的行业中,专家的职业生涯在碳氢化合物价格的上涨和下跌之间不稳定地平衡。这使得这些专家所掌握的社会权力与他们所依赖的商品一样具有流动性。我表明,行业协会巩固的非正式社交网络可以通过提供新的就业机会来缓冲这种不稳定,并允许他们在失业和不确定的时期保持与精英行业圈子的联系。对于许多在该行业工作的人来说,美国碳氢化合物行业的不稳定定义了它所产生的财富。我认为,不稳定不仅是特定人群所经历的,而且是资本主义的一个普遍特征,除了少数人之外,其他人都会受到影响。
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引用次数: 1
Who alone can ‘see’? Christian humanitarianism, aspect-perception and political critique 只有谁才能“看见”?基督教人道主义、侧面知觉与政治批判
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211021658
James Wintrup
This article offers a critique of Christian humanitarianism in Zambia. But it does so by engaging with the arguments of anthropologists who have begun to question the status of political critique within the discipline. These anthropologists argue that critique often undermines ethnographic understanding because it problematically positions the anthropologist as an actor who is able to ‘uncover’ political realities that remain invisible to others. In this article, I take these concerns seriously and attempt to reconsider the practice of critique by drawing on an ethnographic description of the work of Christian medical missionaries in Zambia. Focusing on how these missionaries encouraged one another to ‘see’ their Zambian patients as ‘Christ-like’ and ‘faithful’ in moments of suffering, I argue that these practices of ‘seeing’ and ‘showing’ resemble certain forms of political critique. Rather than an exercise in ‘uncovering’ hidden realities, critique can also be understood as an act of ‘aspect-showing’ – the aim of which is to encourage others to ‘see’ the same things in a different light. The critique of Christian humanitarianism I offer here is therefore itself an act of aspect-showing that partially resembles that which missionaries themselves engaged in.
本文对赞比亚的基督教人道主义进行了批判。但它是通过与人类学家的争论来做到这一点的,这些人已经开始质疑政治批判在学科中的地位。这些人类学家认为,批判往往会破坏民族志的理解,因为它有问题地将人类学家定位为一个能够“揭示”他人看不见的政治现实的行动者。在这篇文章中,我认真对待这些问题,并试图通过对赞比亚基督教医学传教士工作的民族志描述来重新考虑批判的实践。关注这些传教士如何鼓励彼此在苦难时刻“看到”他们的赞比亚病人“像基督一样”和“忠诚”,我认为这些“看到”和“表现”的做法类似于某些形式的政治批判。与其说批判是“揭露”隐藏的现实,不如说批判是一种“侧面展示”的行为——其目的是鼓励他人从不同的角度“看待”相同的事情。因此,我在这里提出的对基督教人道主义的批判本身就是一种侧面表现,部分类似于传教士自己所从事的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Postcolonial social drama: The case of Brazilian dentists in Portugal 后殖民社会戏剧:巴西牙医在葡萄牙的案例
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004713
Angela Torresan
By the late 1990s, when I was conducting ethnographic fieldwork research in Lisbon, the ‘dentists’ case’ had become a familiar trope for the presence of Brazilian immigrants in Portugal. Although it involved a small group of Brazilian and Portuguese professionals, it gained visibility in the media of both countries, escalating into a political and diplomatic quarrel, and culminating in the amendment of the 1966 Cultural Accord. I use Victor Turner’s concept of social drama to address the case as a chapter in the cyclical pattern of connection and disconnection of postcolonial Luso-Brazilian relationships. Drawing from a recent discussion on the concept of cosmopolitanism in migration studies, I employ the idea of postcolonial sociabilities to help explore the seemingly inherent ambiguities in the relationship between Brazilians and Portuguese.
到20世纪90年代末,当我在里斯本进行民族志实地调查时,“牙医案”已经成为巴西移民在葡萄牙的常见比喻。尽管它涉及一小群巴西和葡萄牙专业人士,但它在两国媒体上都获得了知名度,升级为政治和外交争端,并最终修订了1966年的《文化协定》。我用维克多·特纳的社会戏剧概念来处理这个案件,作为后殖民时期卢索-巴西关系的连接和断开的循环模式的一章。根据最近关于移民研究中世界主义概念的讨论,我运用后殖民社会性的概念来帮助探索巴西人和葡萄牙人之间关系中看似固有的模糊性。
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引用次数: 1
From coercion to cooperation: Urban governance and evolving modes of control in a Beijing village 从强制到合作:北京乡村的城市治理与控制模式演变
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004719
Jaesok Kim
This article analyzes evolving urban governance in contemporary China, highlighting contradictory outcomes originating from the coexistence of the technologies of pervasive control, socialist legacies of urban entitlements, and neoliberal strategies of self-government. Based on fieldwork among low-income migrant workers in a village located on Beijing's outskirts, I investigate how the grassroots administrative practices justified the continuing privileges of local residents and discrimination against newcomers, while the evolving governance projects a better future for every individual who is willing to exert themselves. The 2014 implementation of a Social Credit System was critical for this political agenda. It offered rewards and imposed punishments corresponding to the level of reliability indicated by credit scores, thereby urging migrants to “responsibly” manage their lives. The combination of high-tech surveillance and social credit demonstrates that the notion of “market socialism”, combined with neoliberal practices, has created a new system of social control in 21st-century China.
本文分析了当代中国不断发展的城市治理,强调了普遍控制技术、城市权利的社会主义遗产和自治的新自由主义战略共存所产生的矛盾结果。基于对北京郊区一个村庄的低收入农民工的实地调查,我研究了基层行政实践如何证明当地居民的持续特权和对新来者的歧视是合理的,而不断发展的治理为每个愿意努力的人提供了更美好的未来。2014年实施的社会信用体系对这一政治议程至关重要。它根据信用评分显示的可靠程度提供奖励和惩罚,从而敦促移民“负责任地”管理自己的生活。高科技监控与社会信用的结合表明,“市场社会主义”的概念与新自由主义实践相结合,在21世纪的中国创造了一种新的社会控制体系。
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引用次数: 0
Elusive adulthood and surplus life-time in Spain 西班牙难以捉摸的成年期和过剩的寿命
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004717
Hadas Weiss
Drawing on fieldwork in Madrid, I argue that the growing redundancy of living labour power in the capitalist production process has translated, since the last decades of the 20th century, into surplus portions of the individual life-cycle. Capitalism’s promise of productivity, associated with adulthood, has shrunk to become a window of opportunity. Besides sheer luck, it takes protracted preparation to seize this opportunity and inordinate effort to retain it. Adulthood is the mystified representation of structural pressures on productive activity, as an elusive personal accomplishment whose curtailment is one’s own fault. Failure to realize it is further depoliticized as either a rejection of adulthood, or acceptance of besieged adulthood as a sign of maturity.
根据在马德里的实地考察,我认为,自20世纪最后几十年以来,资本主义生产过程中活劳动力的日益过剩,已经转化为个人生命周期的剩余部分。资本主义对生产力的承诺,与成年有关,已经萎缩成为机会之窗。除了纯粹的运气,还需要长期的准备来抓住这个机会,并付出巨大的努力来留住它。成年是对生产活动的结构性压力的神秘表现,是一种难以捉摸的个人成就,其缩减是一个人自己的错。未能认识到这一点,被进一步去政治化,要么是对成年的拒绝,要么是接受被围困的成年作为成熟的标志。
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引用次数: 4
Staging joyful spectacles: Exploring the temporalities of positive affect in child-focused NGO programmes 上演欢乐的景象:探索以儿童为中心的非政府组织项目中积极影响的短暂性
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X211004723
Annie McCarthy
The child has long been a powerfully affective figure in development work – whether as an abject victim or a joyful symbol of brighter futures. While the power of children to produce emotions in donors has been well studied, far less attention has been given to children’s own affective relationships with development organisations. This article explores the role of affect in children’s participation in non-governmental organisation (NGO) programmes in Delhi, India. In particular, by focusing on spectacles of performance, this article highlights the importance of positive affects: happiness, fun, and joy in child-focused NGO programmes. Yet, rather than a cynical critique of the way children’s joy is captured (typically in images) and translated into narratives of successful development, this article seeks to explore the possibilities for sincere ethnographic engagement with happiness itself. Drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed, and exploring the temporal dimensions of positive affects, I seek to engage seriously with children’s joyful experiences in development programmes, while simultaneously questioning any simplistic equation of child happiness with developmental success.
长期以来,孩子在发展工作中一直是一个充满感情的人物——无论是作为一个可怜的受害者,还是光明未来的快乐象征。虽然儿童在捐赠者中产生情绪的能力已经得到了很好的研究,但对儿童自身与发展组织的情感关系的关注要少得多。本文探讨了情感在印度德里儿童参与非政府组织项目中的作用。特别是,通过关注表演的壮观场面,本文强调了积极影响的重要性:在以儿童为中心的非政府组织计划中,快乐、乐趣和快乐。然而,这篇文章并不是对儿童的快乐被捕捉(通常是在图像中)并转化为成功发展的叙事的愤世嫉俗的批评,而是试图探索真诚地参与快乐本身的民族志的可能性。借鉴萨拉·艾哈迈德的工作,探索积极影响的时间维度,我试图在发展计划中认真参与儿童的快乐经历,同时质疑儿童快乐与发展成功之间的任何简单等式。
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引用次数: 2
‘I volunteer at home too!’ Gendering affective citizenship “我也在家里做志愿者!”“情感公民的性别化
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X20974093
M. Marchesi
This article argues for gendering affective citizenship and humanitarianism. Both of these ‘regimes of care’ are understood to work through benevolent affect, to mobilize citizens in the wake of the retrenchment of the welfare state. Ethnography with Italian-origin women volunteers at a Milanese association shows that the affect and motivations of affective citizens can starkly deviate from benevolence and ‘do-gooderism’. Analyses of post-Fordist affective citizenship focus on the shift from waged labour and state-mediated forms of social security to precarious labour and privatized responsibilities for welfare, implicitly centring the (male) breadwinner as the subject of these transformations. By contrast, this article seeks to call attention to the continuities in unwaged care. In so doing, it shows how the Fordist legacy of gendered citizenship ‘haunts’ its post-Fordist affective and humanitarian reconfigurations and highlights the contradictions and contestations that mark ongoing transformations of social citizenship in Europe.
本文论述了情感公民与人道主义的性别化。这两种“关怀制度”都被理解为通过仁慈的影响来发挥作用,在福利国家紧缩之后动员公民。米兰一家协会对意大利裔女性志愿者进行的人种学研究表明,情感公民的情感和动机可能明显偏离仁慈和“行善主义”。对后福特主义情感公民的分析集中在从有偿劳动和国家介导的社会保障形式到不稳定劳动和福利私有化责任的转变上,隐含地将(男性)养家糊口者作为这些转变的主体。相比之下,本文试图引起人们对无偿护理的连续性的关注。在这样做的过程中,它展示了福特主义的性别公民身份遗产是如何“困扰”后福特主义的情感和人道主义重构的,并突出了标志着欧洲社会公民身份正在进行的转变的矛盾和争论。
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引用次数: 5
Turning a blind eye: The complicit trespassing of ‘Chinese walls’ in financial institutions in New York 睁一只眼闭一只眼:纽约金融机构的“中国墙”被共谋侵入
IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308275X20959421
Daniela Peluso
This article examines the ways in which ‘Chinese walls’ – that is, information barriers within financial institutions – are constituted and subverted by acts of trespass within large investment banking firms in New York. While Chinese walls positively serve to prevent corruption and fraud, they simultaneously attract legal, semi-legal and illegal forms of trespassing. My analysis shows that some trespassing is based on non-verbalized and embodied exchanges of information that are not in and of themselves illegal. Referred to as playing ‘the game’, the result of these forms of trespass is that the Chinese wall becomes an ‘effect’ or fiction. At other times, trespassing can cause inconvenient suspicion, encouraging those who operate amid these walls to participate strategically in various aspects of wilful blindness. Together, these examples reveal the conceptual and material relationships between ‘seeing’ and ‘knowing’, thereby highlighting the complexity of information flows in financial institutions and demonstrating how the critical regulation of financial capitalism is sometimes weakened.
本文考察了“中国墙”——即金融机构内部的信息壁垒——是如何被纽约大型投资银行内部的非法侵入行为所构成和破坏的。虽然“中国墙”对防止腐败和欺诈起到了积极的作用,但同时也吸引了合法、半合法和非法的侵入。我的分析表明,一些非法侵入是基于非语言和具体的信息交换,这些信息交换本身并不违法。被称为玩“游戏”,这些形式的侵入的结果是中国墙成为一个“效果”或虚构。在其他时候,非法侵入可能会引起不便的怀疑,鼓励那些在这些墙内运作的人战略性地参与到故意失明的各个方面。总之,这些例子揭示了“看到”和“知道”之间的概念和物质关系,从而突出了金融机构信息流的复杂性,并展示了金融资本主义的关键监管有时是如何被削弱的。
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引用次数: 4
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Critique of Anthropology
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