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Can philosophy be an academic discipline? 哲学能成为一门学术学科吗?
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12609
Isabel Kaeslin

Richard Rorty notoriously maintained that philosophy is not an academic discipline. He thought that the only viable candidate for philosophy to be an academic discipline—where philosophy consists in a collection of permanent, pure topics—depends on a Cartesian conceptual framework. Once we overcome this framework, he maintained, there will be nothing left to be the distinct subject matter of philosophy. This article argues that there is a conception of philosophy that can be an academic discipline, even if we take Rorty's challenge seriously. It remains even if we overcome the Cartesian conceptual framework. In the end the article goes beyond Rorty's challenge and considers two further criteria for philosophy to be an academic discipline: that it have a distinct method, and that it be able to be done for the public good. The article argues that philosophy can fulfill these two criteria, and therefore that it can be an academic discipline.

理查德·罗蒂(Richard Rorty)臭名昭著地坚持认为哲学不是一门学术学科。他认为,哲学要成为一门学术学科(哲学是由一系列永恒的、纯粹的主题组成的),唯一可行的候选者取决于笛卡尔的概念框架。他坚持认为,一旦我们克服了这个框架,就没有什么可以作为哲学的独特主题了。本文认为,即使我们认真对待罗蒂的挑战,也有一种哲学概念可以成为一门学术学科。即使我们克服了笛卡尔的概念框架,它仍然存在。最后,文章超越了罗蒂的挑战,进一步考虑了哲学作为一门学术学科的两个标准:它有一个独特的方法,它能够为公共利益而做。本文认为哲学可以满足这两个标准,因此哲学可以成为一门学科。
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引用次数: 1
James and Carnap on philosophical systems and the role of temperaments 詹姆斯和卡尔纳普的哲学体系和气质的作用
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12604
Shawn Simpson

The relationship between American pragmatism and logical empiricism is complicated at best. The received view is that by around the late 1930s or early 1940s pragmatism had been replaced, supplanted, or eclipsed by the younger and more logic-oriented form of empiricism developed in interwar Vienna. Recently, however, this picture has been challenged, and this paper offers further reasons for thinking that the received view is inadequate. Through a critical examination of William James's Pragmatism and “The Sentiment of Rationality” and Rudolf Carnap's “Elimination of Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language” and other works, the paper builds a case for the existence of a rather striking correspondence between the work of one of pragmatism's most vaunted figures and the thought of logical empiricism's most famous advocate. Not only were both philosophers interested in what might be called metaphilosophy or the psychology of philosophy, both held very similar deflationary views.

美国实用主义和逻辑经验主义之间的关系是复杂的。公认的观点是,到20世纪30年代末或40年代初,实用主义已经被在两次世界大战之间的维也纳发展起来的更年轻、更以逻辑为导向的经验主义所取代、取代或黯然失色。然而,最近,这一观点受到了挑战,本文提供了进一步的理由,认为所接受的观点是不充分的。通过对威廉·詹姆斯的《实用主义》和《理性的情感》以及鲁道夫·卡尔纳普的《通过语言的逻辑分析消除形而上学》等著作的批判性考察,本文建立了一个案例,证明实用主义最得意的人物之一的作品与逻辑经验主义最著名的倡导者的思想之间存在着相当惊人的对应关系。两位哲学家不仅对所谓的哲学或哲学心理学感兴趣,而且都持有非常相似的通缩观点。
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引用次数: 0
The peculiarity of the dialectical ideas of the Second Teacher, a prominent representative of the Muslim Renaissance 穆斯林文艺复兴时期的杰出代表——二师辩证思想的独特性
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12601
Zhabaikhan Imankul, Zhabaikhan Abdildin, Saltanat Aubakirova

This paper investigates the development of dialectical concepts about the universe, being, metaphysics, scientific methods, and the knowledge of philosophers. The methods it uses are mainly theoretical and empirical methods, such as analysis and synthesis. Within the boundaries of the designated topic, it offers a systematic analysis of the historical periodization of Arab Muslim philosophy from the eighth century to the twentieth. The paper examines the activities of the prominent philosopher and mathematician Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Farabi, showing the circumstances of his borrowing certain forms, concepts, and structures from ancient Greek philosophers. The paper's main conclusion is that al-Farabi is a Second Teacher in modern philosophy, meaning the continuation in his works of the search for a scientific approach to the study of various forms of being.

本文考察了关于宇宙、存在、形而上学、科学方法和哲学家知识的辩证概念的发展。本文采用的方法主要是理论方法和实证方法,如分析和综合。在指定主题的范围内,它提供了从八世纪到二十世纪的阿拉伯穆斯林哲学的历史分期的系统分析。本文考察了杰出的哲学家和数学家Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Farabi的活动,展示了他从古希腊哲学家那里借用某些形式、概念和结构的情况。这篇论文的主要结论是,法拉比是现代哲学的第二老师,这意味着在他的作品中继续寻找一种科学的方法来研究各种形式的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive colonialism: Nationality bias in Brazilian academic philosophy 认知殖民主义:巴西学术哲学中的民族偏见
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12608
Murilo Rocha Seabra, Luke Prendergast, Gabriel Silveira de Andrade Antunes, Laura Tolton

This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to test for nationality bias among members of the Brazilian philosophical community. Faculty members and postgraduate students from philosophy departments at seven Brazilian universities evaluated texts attributed to authors of European and Latin American nationalities. Results showed a clear preference for French nationality over Brazilian. They were inconclusive, however, when contrasting other Latin American nationalities with European nationalities, which likely relates to the academic background of the participants. These overall results support the claim that Brazilian academic philosophers are highly critical of Brazilians who produce theories of their own. The paper calls on philosophers to carefully consider the ways in which Eurocentrism impacts their very ability to reason.

本文提出了一项旨在测试巴西哲学界成员国籍偏见的实验结果。来自巴西七所大学哲学系的教师和研究生评估了欧洲和拉丁美洲国籍作者的文本。结果显示,法国国籍明显优于巴西国籍。然而,当将其他拉丁美洲国家的人与欧洲国家的人进行对比时,结果却没有定论,这可能与参与者的学术背景有关。这些总体结果支持了这样一种说法,即巴西的学院派哲学家对那些创造自己理论的巴西人持高度批评态度。这篇论文呼吁哲学家们仔细考虑欧洲中心主义对他们推理能力的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Why philosophy needs a concept of progress 为什么哲学需要一个进步的概念
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12603
James Norton

This paper defends the usefulness of the concept of philosophical progress and the common assumption that philosophy and science aim to make the same, or a comparable, kind of progress. It does so by responding to Yafeng Shan's (2022) arguments that the wealth of research on scientific progress is not applicable or useful to philosophy, and that philosophy doesn't need a concept of progress at all. It is ultimately argued that while Shan's arguments are not successful, they reveal the way forward in developing accounts of philosophical progress.

本文为哲学进步概念的有用性以及哲学和科学旨在取得相同或可比较的进步的普遍假设进行了辩护。它通过回应亚峰山(2022)的论点来做到这一点,即科学进步研究的财富不适用于哲学,也没有用,哲学根本不需要进步的概念。作者最终认为,虽然单霁翔的论点并不成功,但它们揭示了发展哲学进步的道路。
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引用次数: 1
Twenty years of experimental philosophy research 实验哲学研究二十年
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12602
Jincai Li, Xiaozhen Zhu

This paper reports the first study in the literature that adopts a bibliometric approach to systematically explore the scholarship in the young and fast-growing research field of experimental philosophy. Based on a corpus of 1,248 publications in experimental philosophy from the past two decades retrieved from the PhilPapers website, the study examined the publication trend, the influential experimental philosophers, the impactful works, the popular publication venues, and the major research themes in this subarea of philosophy. It found, first, an overall growing trend in publications in experimental philosophy, encompassing four developmental stages. Second, it found that significant changes in topics of interest have taken place, with some gaining increasing attention, others seemingly going out of fashion, and still others remaining popular constantly. Third, the study identified lists of leading philosophers, frequently cited publications, and popular journals helpful for researchers and newcomers to get a quick start in learning about the field.

本文报道了文献中第一项采用文献计量学方法系统探索年轻且快速发展的实验哲学研究领域学术的研究。基于从PhilPapers网站上检索到的过去20年中1248篇实验哲学出版物的语料库,该研究考察了出版趋势、有影响力的实验哲学家、有影响的作品、流行的出版场所以及哲学这一领域的主要研究主题。它发现,首先,实验哲学的出版物总体上呈增长趋势,包括四个发展阶段。其次,研究发现,人们感兴趣的话题发生了重大变化,一些话题越来越受关注,另一些话题似乎已经过时,还有一些话题一直很受欢迎。第三,该研究确定了著名哲学家名单、经常被引用的出版物和流行期刊,这些期刊有助于研究人员和新来者快速开始了解该领域。
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引用次数: 4
A companion to public philosophy, Lee McIntyre, Nancy McHugh, and Ian Olasov, editors, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2022. Pp. xix + 457. 公共哲学的伴侣LeeMcIntyre、NancyMcHugh和IanOlasov,编辑,爱好,新泽西州:Wiley Blackwell,2022。第xix+457页。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12605
Lucia Ziglioli
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引用次数: 0
Commentary on “Can a good philosophical contribution be made just by asking a question?” 评“问一个问题就能做出好的哲学贡献吗?”
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12600
Joshua Habgood-Coote, Lani Watson, Dennis Whitcomb

This paper explains some of the reasoning behind “Can a Good Philosophical Contribution Be Made Just by Asking a Question?,” a paper which consists solely in its title and which is published in the same issue of the journal as the present paper. The method for explaining that reasoning consists in making available a lightly edited version of a letter the authors sent to the editors when submitting the title-only paper. The editors permitted publication of that paper on the condition that the authors also separately publish a version of that letter; the present paper aims to fulfil that condition.

本文解释了“仅仅通过提问就能做出好的哲学贡献吗?”,“一篇仅由标题组成的论文,该论文与本论文发表在同一期期刊上。”解释这一推理的方法包括提供作者在提交标题论文时发给编辑的信件的略加编辑的版本。编辑们允许发表那篇论文,条件是作者也要单独发表那封信的一个版本;本文旨在满足这一条件。
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引用次数: 0
Can a good philosophical contribution be made just by asking a question?1 仅仅通过提出一个问题就能做出很好的哲学贡献吗?1.
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12599
Joshua Habgood-Coote, Lani Watson, Dennis Whitcomb
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引用次数: 0
Spiritual exercises and poetry: Pierre Hadot and Du Fu 精神锻炼与诗歌:哈多与杜甫
IF 0.5 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/meta.12598
Ryan Harte

This paper discusses poetry as a site of what Pierre Hadot calls “spiritual exercises,” with particular reference to China's greatest poet, Du Fu (712–70 C.E.). While Hadot's work has bridged gaps between (i) philosophy and religion and (ii) theory and practice, this paper suggests that spiritual exercises can also blur the modern separation between form and content. It argues for the possibility of poetry as philosophy; that is, philosophy in a less-recognized form. If poetry can be spiritual exercise and if spiritual exercise with its goal of self-transformation is the core of philosophy, then we may be able to treat poetry as one form of philosophy. The paper also demonstrates the relevance of Hadot's work for ancient Chinese and comparative philosophy more broadly.

本文讨论了诗歌作为皮埃尔·哈多所说的“精神锻炼”的场所,特别提到了中国最伟大的诗人杜甫(公元712-70年)。虽然Hadot的作品弥合了哲学与宗教之间的鸿沟,以及理论与实践之间的鸿沟,但本文认为精神练习也可以模糊形式与内容之间的现代分离。它论证了诗歌作为哲学的可能性;也就是说,哲学以一种不太为人所知的形式出现。如果诗歌可以是精神的锻炼,如果以自我转化为目标的精神锻炼是哲学的核心,那么我们可以把诗歌作为哲学的一种形式来对待。本文还从更广泛的意义上论证了哈多特的工作与中国古代哲学和比较哲学的相关性。
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