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Loved It, Miss It, Would Never Go Back: Why U.S. Local Television Sports Broadcasters are Leaving the Industry 喜欢它,怀念它,再也不会回去:美国地方电视体育广播公司为何纷纷离开这一行业
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/21674795241234822
Kevin Hull
For decades, one of the most recognizable public faces of a local television news station was the sports anchor. However, as newsrooms across the United States struggle with employee burnout, sports departments have not been immune to low job satisfaction and high turnover. The purpose of this study is to examine what factors are causing sportscasters at local television stations to leave the profession. A survey of sports broadcasters who had left their positions at a television station for a job outside of broadcasting revealed that they felt overworked and underpaid, and many placed the blame for their problems directly on newsroom management.
几十年来,体育主播是地方电视新闻台最知名的公众形象之一。然而,随着全美新闻编辑室都在努力解决员工职业倦怠问题,体育部门也未能幸免工作满意度低和离职率高的问题。本研究的目的是探讨导致地方电视台体育主播离职的因素。对那些离开电视台职位,转而从事广播以外工作的体育播音员进行的一项调查显示,他们感到工作过度、报酬过低,许多人将他们的问题直接归咎于新闻编辑室的管理层。
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引用次数: 0
Monsters and the Sports They Play: Squaring the Circle of Fan Allegiance and Cognitive Dissonance 怪物与他们所从事的体育运动:平衡粉丝忠诚与认知失调的关系
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/21674795241234168
Andrew C. Billings, Marie Hardin
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引用次数: 0
Selling vs. Supporting Motherhood: How Corporate Sponsors Frame the Parenting Experiences of Elite and Olympic Athletes. 销售与支持母亲身份:企业赞助商如何塑造精英和奥运会运动员的育儿经历。
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/21674795221103415
Talston Scott, Sydney V M Smith, Francine E Darroch, Audrey R Giles

Recently, motherhood and pregnancy in elite sport have received increased attention in sport media. Through a comprehensive news media search across Factiva as well as a gray literature search using Google search engine, we analyzed 115 articles using feminist framing analysis. We developed two primary frames: 1) empowerment versus exploitation, and 2) proactivity versus reactivity. Our results show that many pregnant and parenting athletes frame their respective sponsors as exploitative for recognizing and capitalizing upon their unique marketing value, while these same corporate sponsors frame themselves as industry leaders who empower pregnant and parenting athletes. These two frames show that pregnant/parenting elite athletes commonly face discriminatory policies and practices and that there is often a lack of congruence between marketing and actual corporate practices and policies. These findings arguably reflect larger societal issues related to gender equity and highlight the importance of action over rhetoric to ensure motherhood is supported-rather than marketed-for elite athletes.

最近,精英运动中的孕产和怀孕问题越来越受到体育媒体的关注。通过在Factiva上进行全面的新闻媒体搜索,以及使用谷歌搜索引擎进行灰色文献搜索,我们使用女权主义框架分析分析了115篇文章。我们开发了两个主要框架:1)授权与剥削,以及2)积极性与反应性。我们的研究结果表明,许多怀孕和养育子女的运动员将他们各自的赞助商视为剥削性赞助商,因为他们认识到并利用了自己独特的营销价值,而这些企业赞助商则将自己视为行业领导者,为怀孕和养育孩子的运动员赋权。这两个框架表明,怀孕/养育子女的精英运动员通常面临歧视性政策和做法,营销与实际企业做法和政策之间往往缺乏一致性。这些发现可以说反映了与性别公平相关的更大的社会问题,并强调了行动胜于言论的重要性,以确保母亲身份得到支持,而不是为精英运动员营销。
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引用次数: 5
A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parasocial Relationships and Breakups With Characters of a Health-Related TV Show on Self-Efficacy and Exercise Behavior: The Case of The Biggest Loser. 与健康相关的电视节目中人物的社交关系和分手对自我效能感和运动行为影响的纵向研究:以最大的失败者为例。
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/21674795211045039
Perina Siegenthaler, Tanja Aegerter, Andreas Fahr

Overweight is one of the major health-related challenges in industrialized countries and mostly preventable through a healthy diet and regular engagement in physical activity. Health communication practitioners and researchers, therefore, started using the media's persuasive potential by creating entertainment-education (E-E) programs that promote healthy nutrition and exercise. By observing the characters in E-E programs, audience members can learn vicariously and eventually develop personal bonds with them. The current study investigates the effects of parasocial relationships (PSRs) with characters of a health-related E-E show, as well as the impact of parasocial breakups (PSBUs) on health-relevant outcomes. Using the setting of the show The Biggest Loser (TBL), we conducted a quasi-experimental longitudinal field study. Participants (N = 149) watched shortened episodes of the show once a week for 5 weeks. Results showed that PSRs with the reality TV characters did not increase over time and after repeated exposure. Findings furthermore suggest that PSR did not influence self-efficacy perceptions or exercise behavior over time. Parasocial breakup distress intensity was neither related to self-efficacy nor to exercise behavior. Interpretations of these findings and implications for better understanding the effects of PSRs and PSBUs are discussed.

超重是工业化国家中与健康有关的主要挑战之一,大多可通过健康饮食和经常参加体育活动来预防。因此,健康传播从业者和研究人员开始利用媒体的说服潜力,创建娱乐教育(E-E)项目,促进健康营养和锻炼。通过观察E-E节目中的人物,观众可以间接学习,并最终与他们建立个人联系。目前的研究调查了与健康相关的E-E节目角色的副社会关系(PSRs)的影响,以及副社会分手(PSBUs)对健康相关结果的影响。以《超级减肥王》(the Biggest Loser, TBL)为背景,进行准实验纵向实地研究。参与者(N = 149)连续5周每周观看一次该节目的缩短版。结果表明,真人秀角色的psr并没有随着时间的推移和反复暴露而增加。研究结果进一步表明,随着时间的推移,PSR不会影响自我效能感或运动行为。副社会破裂痛苦强度与自我效能感和运动行为无关。对这些发现的解释以及对更好地理解psr和PSBUs的影响的含义进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 2
On Creating a Place, Space and Time for the Trans Athlete 论为跨性别运动员创造场所、空间和时间
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1177/21674795231184540
A. Billings, Marie Hardin
The two concepts are inextricably linked: access and equity. Each are so often paired in discussions and organizational structures that one could confuse them as one and the same. Nevertheless, each connotes something different, even if the goal of inclusion undergirds both. Access pertains to having a space for all to participate and, ideally succeed — whether that is in an of fi ce space, voting booth, or athletic arena. Equity pertains to the fairness within that opportunity, ensuring a level playing fi eld in which no one enters the equation with an inherent advantage or impediment to achievement. Both are worthy pursuits that must be honored and elevated within any society. But what happens when the terms are pitted against one another, with access and equity seen as a zero-sum game? That appears to be what is unfolding in many aspects of today ’ s society as it relates to the trans athlete. Such debates often are formed on the crucial distinction of what is most important in the sporting sphere: (a) providing a place for all to be included or (b) ensuring that those entering a competitive space are competing on fair physiological footing. Those advancing access-based arguments equate banning trans athletes from a sporting competition as heresy to the presumption that sports should provide a playing fi eld open to all. Those advancing equity-arguments often prioritize the reasons for biological sex divisions in sports using the rationale of fairness in competition and pointing to biological markers such as testosterone, muscle mass, and respiratory systems. We do not claim to have the scienti fi c knowledge to navigate this dif fi cult terrain, but we do believe Communication & Sport can be a place to discuss and interrogate valid claims from hyperbole as well as the legitimate concern from the moral panic. If a primary aim of cultivation theory is to uncover the manner in which communication can
这两个概念密不可分:准入和公平。在讨论和组织结构中,两者经常成对出现,以至于人们可能会将它们混淆为一体。尽管如此,每一个都意味着不同的东西,即使包容的目标是两者的基础。准入是指有一个让所有人都参与的空间,理想情况下是成功的——无论是在办公室、投票亭还是运动场。公平是指机会中的公平,确保了一个公平的竞争环境,在这个环境中,没有人带着固有的优势或成就障碍进入等式。两者都是有价值的追求,在任何社会中都必须得到尊重和提升。但是,当条款相互对立,准入和公平被视为零和游戏时,会发生什么?这似乎是当今社会许多方面正在发生的事情,因为它与跨性别运动员有关。这种辩论往往是基于体育领域最重要的区别:(a)为所有人提供一个包容的场所,或(b)确保那些进入竞争空间的人在公平的生理基础上竞争。这些基于准入的论点将禁止跨性别运动员参加体育比赛等同于体育运动应该向所有人开放的假设的异端。那些提出公平论点的人经常利用竞争公平的理由,并指出睾酮、肌肉质量和呼吸系统等生物标志物,优先考虑体育运动中生物性别划分的原因。我们并不声称拥有驾驭这一困难领域的科学知识,但我们确实相信,《沟通与体育》可以成为一个讨论和质疑夸张说法和道德恐慌合理担忧的地方。如果培养理论的主要目的是揭示沟通的方式
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引用次数: 0
Media Framing of Women's Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 新冠肺炎疫情期间的女足媒体框架。
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/21674795211041024
Keith D Parry, Beth G Clarkson, Ali Bowes, Laura Grubb, David Rowe

This article examines British media coverage of women's association football during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, to identify how the media framed the women's game and how these frames could shape the public perceptions of it. Through a database search of British-based news coverage of women's football, 100 news articles were identified in the first 6 months after the start of the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, and five dominant frames were detected in the context of COVID-19: 1) financial precariousness of women's football; 2) the commercial prioritisation of men's football; 3) practical consideration of the sport (e.g., alterations to national and international competitions); 4) debating the future of women's football and 5) concern for players (e.g., welfare, uncertain working conditions). These frames depart from the past trivialisation and sexualisation of women's sport, demonstrate the increased visibility of women's football, and shift the narrative towards the elite stratum of the game. Most of this reporting was by women journalists, while men were shown to write less than women about women's football. This research advocates continued diversification of the sports journalism workforce to dissolve the hegemonic masculine culture that still largely dominates the industry.

本文研究了英国媒体在冠状病毒(新冠肺炎)大流行期间对女子足球协会的报道,以确定媒体如何构建女子足球比赛,以及这些框架如何塑造公众对其的看法,在新冠疫情开始后的前6个月里,共发现了100篇新闻文章。进行了主题分析,发现新冠肺炎背景下的五个主导框架:1)女子足球的财务不稳定;2) 男子足球在商业上的优先地位;3) 对这项运动的实际考虑(例如,改变国家和国际比赛);4) 讨论女子足球的未来,以及对球员的关心(例如福利、不确定的工作条件)。这些框架背离了过去对女子体育的轻视和性化,展示了女子足球的知名度提高,并将叙事转向了比赛的精英阶层。大多数报道都是由女记者撰写的,而男性对女足的报道比女性少。这项研究主张体育新闻工作者继续多样化,以消除仍在很大程度上主导该行业的霸权男性文化。
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引用次数: 10
The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly – Situational Crisis Communication and the COVID-19 Pandemic Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 好的、坏的和丑的——情境危机沟通与新冠肺炎大流行2020年东京奥运会
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/21674795231174188
Donna Wong, Y. Meng-Lewis
Affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were postponed for a year. While getting through with the organizing of an Olympic Games amid a global pandemic is seen as a success by many (‘The Good’), it was overshadowed by the relentless virus as the Games closed with a muted spectacle in 2021 (‘The Bad’). Pushing on with the Games after the postponement, at the height of the pandemic, has resulted in strong criticisms and caused damage to the organizers (‘The Ugly’). This study seeks to assess the crisis communication strategies implemented by the organizers as they navigated the capricious condition of trudging on with a pandemic era sport spectacle. Through examining the organizers’ crisis communications to the challenges that emerged and public reactions to the strategies, this study seeks to understand the outcome of the strategies on the organizational image and reputation. It also provides reflections on the management of the Games through the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, it is argued that the situational crisis communication theory offers a useful framework that can provide theoretical connections between crisis management in a sports mega-event and organizational response strategies.
受新冠肺炎疫情影响,2020年东京奥运会和残奥会推迟一年举行。虽然在全球大流行期间成功举办奥运会被许多人视为成功(“好的”),但随着2021年奥运会以无声的场面结束(“坏的”),无情的病毒给奥运会蒙上了阴影。在疫情最严重的时候,推迟后继续举办奥运会,招致了强烈的批评,并给组织者造成了损害(“丑陋”)。本研究旨在评估组织者在应对流行病时代体育奇观的反复无常的情况时实施的危机沟通策略。通过检查组织者的危机沟通,以应对出现的挑战和公众对战略的反应,本研究试图了解战略对组织形象和声誉的影响。它还提供了对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间奥运会管理的思考。在这方面,情境危机沟通理论提供了一个有用的框架,可以提供体育大型赛事危机管理与组织反应策略之间的理论联系。
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引用次数: 0
Essential for the Future of the Field: Leadership and Scholarship by Women in Communication and Sport 对该领域未来至关重要:女性在传播和体育领域的领导力和奖学金
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/21674795231176318
Marie Hardin, A. Billings
One primary mantra the lead author of this introduction has reiterated over the years is that if you wish to change how women’s sports are covered, you need to focus on the decision makers. Change the editors deciding what is newsworthy. Change the administrator who does the hiring. Build a network for change to help the voices rise more organically. We advance this special issue focusing exclusively on women academicians in sole or lead author roles to mark progress, but also to stress that the fact this is still noteworthy shows there is considerable work yet to be accomplished. When Lawrence A. Wenner published the 1989 seminal work Media, Sports and Society, on a variety of topics at the communication-sport nexus, just two of the chapters were authored by women. This was not from a lack of interest in advancing women’s voices as much as it was a lack of women working in scholarly sports spaces. By the time Wenner’s MediaSport was published almost a decade later – another compendium of contributions by leading scholars in the early days of communicationand-sport research, women were lead authors on seven of the 17 chapters in the volume. He had more options to elevate women’s voices and, quite wisely, used them, even if complete equity was not attained.
这篇引言的主要作者多年来重申的一个主要口号是,如果你想改变女子体育的覆盖方式,你需要关注决策者。改变决定什么是有新闻价值的编辑。更改负责招聘的管理员。建立一个变革网络,帮助声音更有机地上升。我们推出这一特刊,专门关注担任唯一或主要作者的女院士,以纪念取得的进展,但也要强调,这一点仍然值得注意,这表明还有大量工作有待完成。1989年,劳伦斯·A·温纳出版了一本开创性的著作《媒体、体育和社会》,涉及传播与体育关系的各种主题,其中只有两章是女性撰写的。这并不是因为缺乏对提高女性声音的兴趣,而是因为缺乏在学术体育领域工作的女性。近十年后,当温纳的《媒体体育》(MediaSport)出版时——这是传播和体育研究早期领先学者的另一份贡献简编——该卷17章中有7章是女性的主要作者。他有更多的选择来提升女性的声音,并且非常明智地使用了这些声音,即使没有实现完全的公平。
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引用次数: 0
Prolonging the Mental Health Moment: Sport, Media, and the Advancement of a More Authentic Athlete 延长心理健康时刻:体育、媒体和更真实运动员的进步
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/21674795231162406
A. Billings, Marie Hardin
Ask most attuned to issues in the sports world as to whether mental health has experienced a “moment” in the past decade, and nearly all would likely say yes. Defining that moment is much more difficult to pinpoint as that depends on one’s location and sport interest type. For soccer fans, perhaps it was Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon’s admission that he once missed a match because of a panic attack. Others might point to Indian cricket captain Virat Kohli, who disclosed that the pressure of playing at the game was a serious issue with profound implications on his own mental health. Swimming afficionados likely focus on record-setting American Olympian Michael Phelps, who not only revealed depression and suicidal ideation but also then created a foundation and a film to show he was not alone with these experiences. In more recent years, women have started to speak about it more, including leaders in their sports such as Japanese tennis star Naomi Osaka or American gymnast Simone Biles. Was sport experiencing a mental health moment—or was it something bigger than that? A sequence, an ascending understanding, a progression of insight all ultimately seem more apt. The key for sports media researchers now pertains to discernment, including in how to examine a multitude of stories under the same broad mental health umbrella. Communication & Sport has gradually been entering scholarship into these types of debates, mostly within the National Basketball Association. For instance, Cassilo (2022) contrasted the cases of NBA players RoyceWhite and DeMar DeRozan, finding media coverage was almost universally positive for DeRozan, yet much more critical of White, at least partly because his mental health disclosure was seen as impeding his ability to travel and compete with his team and at least partly because DeRozan was more athletically successful than White. Parrott et al. (2021) compared DeRozan with
问最了解体育界问题的人,在过去十年中,心理健康是否经历了一个“时刻”,几乎所有人都会说是的。定义这一时刻要困难得多,因为这取决于一个人的位置和运动兴趣类型。对于球迷来说,也许是意大利门将吉安路易吉·布丰承认,他曾经因为恐慌症错过了一场比赛。其他人可能会提到印度板球队长维拉特·科利,他透露,比赛的压力是一个严重的问题,对他自己的心理健康有着深远的影响。游泳爱好者可能会关注创纪录的美国奥运选手迈克尔·菲尔普斯,他不仅透露了抑郁症和自杀念头,还创建了一个基金会和一部电影,以表明他并不是唯一一个有这些经历的人。近年来,女性开始更多地谈论它,包括她们运动中的领导者,如日本网球明星大坂直美或美国体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯。体育运动是在经历一个心理健康时刻吗?还是更重要的事情?一个序列、一种提升的理解、一种洞察力的发展最终似乎都更合适。体育媒体研究人员现在的关键在于辨别力,包括如何在同样广泛的心理健康保护伞下审视大量故事。传播与体育逐渐将学术纳入这些类型的辩论,主要是在国家篮球协会内部。例如,Cassilo(2022)对比了NBA球员罗伊斯·怀特和德玛尔·德罗赞的情况,发现媒体报道几乎普遍对德罗赞持积极态度,但对怀特的批评要多得多,至少部分原因是他的心理健康状况被视为阻碍了他旅行和与球队竞争的能力,至少部分是因为德罗赞在运动方面比怀特更成功。Parrott等人(2021)将德罗赞与
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引用次数: 0
“I Used to Love Scheifele:” Dominant Narratives on Reddit About the Canadian Division of the Stanley Cup Playoffs “我曾经爱过谢菲勒:”Reddit上关于斯坦利杯季后赛加拿大赛区的主要叙述
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/21674795231154008
Brendan O’Hallarn, Mark A. Slavich, Betsy Emmons
The community-moderated content aggregation social media site Reddit has emerged as a popular destination for discussion of topics of interest in news, sport, and entertainment. This study explored the discourse of hockey fans during the playoff rounds of the Canadian Division in the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs. The study analyzed fan discourse around two incidents which garnered significant media attention, and subsequent Reddit chatter—the inadvertent knee-on-head collision that knocked Toronto Maple Leafs’ captain John Tavares out of Round 1 and the deliberate late hit by Mark Scheifele of the Winnipeg Jets, leading to his suspension for the remainder of Round 2. On Reddit, both incidents revealed a community of hockey fans eager to engage in spirited, sometimes profane, discussion. Very quickly, discussion of the incidents led to the creation of a dominant narrative on Reddit, with the architecture of the site itself helping to inhibit alternative points of view. This contradicts the popular view of Reddit as a fan-powered community because of affordances which inhibit dissent and reward repeating other debate participants. This instant in-group creation could ultimately act as a barrier to fandom among Reddit’s 850 million users not as passionate about particular narratives of hockey.
社区管理的内容聚合社交媒体网站Reddit已经成为讨论新闻、体育和娱乐等感兴趣话题的热门目的地。本研究探讨了2021年斯坦利杯加拿大赛区季后赛期间冰球球迷的话语。这项研究分析了两起引起媒体关注的事件,以及随后Reddit上的讨论——多伦多枫叶队队长约翰·塔瓦雷斯在第一轮比赛中被意外的膝盖撞到头部,而温尼伯飞机队的马克·舍费尔在最后时刻故意冲撞,导致他被禁赛第二轮剩余的比赛。在Reddit上,这两起事件都显示出一个曲棍球球迷社区渴望参与激烈的、有时是亵渎的讨论。很快,对这些事件的讨论在Reddit上形成了一种主导叙事,网站本身的架构有助于抑制其他观点。这与人们普遍认为Reddit是一个由粉丝驱动的社区的观点相矛盾,因为它的支持机制抑制了异议,并奖励了重复辩论的其他参与者。这种即时的群内创建,最终可能会成为Reddit 8.5亿用户成为球迷的障碍,这些用户对冰球的特定叙述不那么热衷。
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引用次数: 0
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