Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1177/21674795241281190
Marie Hardin, Andrew C. Billings
{"title":"Enhancing Our (Global) Understanding: Reflections on the Need for Reaching Beyond Boundaries","authors":"Marie Hardin, Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795241281190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241281190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1177/21674795241280209
Dhwanil Shah, Anthony Lamont Williams
This study investigates the influence of the sport docuseries Drive to Survive on Formula 1 fandom. Beyond its added entertainment value, this study was conducted to learn about the docuseries influence in bringing new fans to the sport—along with deepening the connection of existing fans. Semi-structured interviews of twelve participants who watched Netflix’s Formula 1: Drive to Survive docuseries were conducted. The participant pool included both non-Formula 1 fans and Formula 1 fans before watching the docuseries. Social Learning Theory was utilized to understand the ways that participants learned about the sport of Formula 1 through the docuseries. A thematic analysis was used to make sense of the findings, which produced three main themes: facilitates learning, social connections, and dramatization. These factors fostered Formula 1 fandom among participants, with two thirds of the participants crediting the docuseries for their newfound or raised fandom of the sport. Overall, this study provides insights on factors influencing fandom and the positive influence of the docuseries on the sport. Formula 1’s success with Drive to Survive can serve as a case study for other sports looking to expand their global reach and the value of an all-access sports documentary beyond the added entertainment value.
本研究调查了体育专题片《驾驭生存》对一级方程式赛车迷的影响。除了其附加的娱乐价值外，本研究还旨在了解这部纪录片在为这项运动带来新粉丝以及加深现有粉丝之间联系方面的影响。本研究对 12 名观看了 Netflix 的《一级方程式赛车》的参与者进行了半结构式访谈：Drive to Survive》的 12 位参与者进行了半结构式访谈。参与者中既有非一级方程式车迷，也有观看该系列片之前的一级方程式车迷。研究采用了社会学习理论，以了解参与者是如何通过这部纪录片了解一级方程式赛车运动的。我们采用了主题分析法来理解研究结果，得出了三大主题：促进学习、社会联系和戏剧化。这些因素促进了参与者对一级方程式赛车的狂热，三分之二的参与者认为是这部纪录片让他们重新发现或提高了对这项运动的狂热。总之，本研究就影响粉丝的因素以及专题片对这项运动的积极影响提供了见解。一级方程式赛车 "Drive to Survive "的成功可以作为一个案例，供其他希望扩大其全球影响力的体育运动项目参考，并让人们认识到全方位体育纪录片除了增加娱乐价值之外的其他价值。
{"title":"“Drive to Survive” Drives New Fans to Formula 1? Studying Viewer Experiences of a Sports Documentary and Its Influence on the Sport’s Fandom","authors":"Dhwanil Shah, Anthony Lamont Williams","doi":"10.1177/21674795241280209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241280209","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of the sport docuseries Drive to Survive on Formula 1 fandom. Beyond its added entertainment value, this study was conducted to learn about the docuseries influence in bringing new fans to the sport—along with deepening the connection of existing fans. Semi-structured interviews of twelve participants who watched Netflix’s Formula 1: Drive to Survive docuseries were conducted. The participant pool included both non-Formula 1 fans and Formula 1 fans before watching the docuseries. Social Learning Theory was utilized to understand the ways that participants learned about the sport of Formula 1 through the docuseries. A thematic analysis was used to make sense of the findings, which produced three main themes: facilitates learning, social connections, and dramatization. These factors fostered Formula 1 fandom among participants, with two thirds of the participants crediting the docuseries for their newfound or raised fandom of the sport. Overall, this study provides insights on factors influencing fandom and the positive influence of the docuseries on the sport. Formula 1’s success with Drive to Survive can serve as a case study for other sports looking to expand their global reach and the value of an all-access sports documentary beyond the added entertainment value.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1177/21674795241265969
Christopher Calabrese, Xudong Yu, Yoo Jung Oh
Several states have enacted laws prohibiting transgender athletes from competing in sports that align with their gender identity. The present study seeks to explore the role of negative emotions and their relation to the rise of online discussions surrounding transgender athletes. We examined whether posts expressing anger and fear impacted message engagement through capturing all related posts ( N = 658,207) from September 2017 to September 2022. To determine the stance of tweets that expressed negative emotion, we then conducted a quantitative content analysis of posts expressing anger and fear. Overall, we find that posts expressing anger were associated with increased message engagement, while fear was associated with decreased engagement. Our content analysis revealed that tweets expressing either negative emotion were both in support and in opposition of issues related to transgender athletes. While it may appear that users hold a predominantly negative view towards the topic of transgender athletes due to expressed anger and fear, our study reveals they may in fact have a more diverse range of perspectives on these related issues. Practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Examining Discussions Related to Transgender Athletes on Twitter: The Role of Negative Emotion on Message Engagement","authors":"Christopher Calabrese, Xudong Yu, Yoo Jung Oh","doi":"10.1177/21674795241265969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241265969","url":null,"abstract":"Several states have enacted laws prohibiting transgender athletes from competing in sports that align with their gender identity. The present study seeks to explore the role of negative emotions and their relation to the rise of online discussions surrounding transgender athletes. We examined whether posts expressing anger and fear impacted message engagement through capturing all related posts ( N = 658,207) from September 2017 to September 2022. To determine the stance of tweets that expressed negative emotion, we then conducted a quantitative content analysis of posts expressing anger and fear. Overall, we find that posts expressing anger were associated with increased message engagement, while fear was associated with decreased engagement. Our content analysis revealed that tweets expressing either negative emotion were both in support and in opposition of issues related to transgender athletes. While it may appear that users hold a predominantly negative view towards the topic of transgender athletes due to expressed anger and fear, our study reveals they may in fact have a more diverse range of perspectives on these related issues. Practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1177/21674795241279588
Brian A. Petrotta, Travis R. Bell, Lindsey Meeks
Play-by-play (PxP) broadcasters’ routines and professions are in a state of flux. Even before COVID-19 protocols disrupted PxPs’ professional practices, broadcast networks tried to reduce on-site staff to cut costs. After COVID, some teams and networks opted to not send PxPs on the road while others experimented with artificial intelligence or alternative telecasts (e.g., the “Manningcast”). Whereas alternative broadcasts create innovative entertainment, PxPs continue to serve an important and distinct role in sports broadcasts, and often act as the link between teams, fans, and other stakeholders. Interviews with 15 professional PxPs revealed that placemaking processes are a key element of their professional identity. Displacement during the pandemic led to shortterm, yet rapid changes, and potentially long-term effects on their profession. We found that while our study’s timeframe enabled a dissection of pandemic-related obstacles, it ultimately articulated PxPs’ professional uniqueness and speaks to how placemaking influences PxPs’ professional identity. Constraints stemming from COVID-19 protocols reinforced that physical proximity is paramount to the PxP profession, and while temporary shocks can be absorbed, prolonged changes to foundational aspects could negatively alter the profession and those it serves.
{"title":"Displaced and Diminished: How the Placemaking Value of “Being there” Influences Play-By-Play Broadcasters’ Professional Identity","authors":"Brian A. Petrotta, Travis R. Bell, Lindsey Meeks","doi":"10.1177/21674795241279588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241279588","url":null,"abstract":"Play-by-play (PxP) broadcasters’ routines and professions are in a state of flux. Even before COVID-19 protocols disrupted PxPs’ professional practices, broadcast networks tried to reduce on-site staff to cut costs. After COVID, some teams and networks opted to not send PxPs on the road while others experimented with artificial intelligence or alternative telecasts (e.g., the “Manningcast”). Whereas alternative broadcasts create innovative entertainment, PxPs continue to serve an important and distinct role in sports broadcasts, and often act as the link between teams, fans, and other stakeholders. Interviews with 15 professional PxPs revealed that placemaking processes are a key element of their professional identity. Displacement during the pandemic led to shortterm, yet rapid changes, and potentially long-term effects on their profession. We found that while our study’s timeframe enabled a dissection of pandemic-related obstacles, it ultimately articulated PxPs’ professional uniqueness and speaks to how placemaking influences PxPs’ professional identity. Constraints stemming from COVID-19 protocols reinforced that physical proximity is paramount to the PxP profession, and while temporary shocks can be absorbed, prolonged changes to foundational aspects could negatively alter the profession and those it serves.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1177/21674795241278742
Javier A. Sánchez-Torres, Carolina López Correa, Francisco-Javier Arroyo-Cañada, Ana Argila-Irurita, Fátima Vila-Márquez
Advertising campaigns featuring female athletes have gained significant importance given the positive implications of gender equality, female empowerment and modern social dynamics, in which women play a crucial role, especially in Western societies. However, advertising campaigns in which female athletes are visible can be perceived by the public as false, sometimes known as woman-washing. This study explores the perception of woman-washing in femvertising-type campaigns—that is, those focused on female athletes. An empirical model is proposed and tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results validate all the hypotheses, demonstrating that factors such as the public’s identification with the athlete, the fit between the athlete and the brand, and brand positioning are of great importance for the credibility of the campaign. The contributions of this paper are novel for sports marketing, femvertising and the planning of advertising campaigns.
{"title":"Analysing Credibility of Femvertising Campaigns: A Focus on Colombian Female Athletes","authors":"Javier A. Sánchez-Torres, Carolina López Correa, Francisco-Javier Arroyo-Cañada, Ana Argila-Irurita, Fátima Vila-Márquez","doi":"10.1177/21674795241278742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241278742","url":null,"abstract":"Advertising campaigns featuring female athletes have gained significant importance given the positive implications of gender equality, female empowerment and modern social dynamics, in which women play a crucial role, especially in Western societies. However, advertising campaigns in which female athletes are visible can be perceived by the public as false, sometimes known as woman-washing. This study explores the perception of woman-washing in femvertising-type campaigns—that is, those focused on female athletes. An empirical model is proposed and tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results validate all the hypotheses, demonstrating that factors such as the public’s identification with the athlete, the fit between the athlete and the brand, and brand positioning are of great importance for the credibility of the campaign. The contributions of this paper are novel for sports marketing, femvertising and the planning of advertising campaigns.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1177/21674795241267948
Lena Maria Küpper
Metajournalism is the term used in communication science to describe the public discussion of journalism. Studies on how reflexive reporting occurs in sports journalism are rare, which is surprising considering the close sports media intertwining. When tennis player Naomi Osaka declared her intention to skip press conferences during the 2021 French Open to raise awareness of the psychological pressures placed on elite athletes, this triggered a sports-related metajournalistic discourse. This study provides a systematic description of this discourse using a qualitative content analysis of 102 online articles in quality, tabloid and sports media. Only minimal self-criticism was found, and journalists primarily attributed the responsibility for the topic of mental health to the system of competitive sports. Unsurprisingly, there are significant differences in the quality and quantity of reporting in the various genres. In every form of media, Osaka’s own representation occupies a significant amount of space. All media genres have a tendency to portray the arguments of non-media representatives, especially those from the tennis world, rather than articulate their own perspectives. This study contributes to the understanding of public negotiation processes regarding roles and responsibilities in sports journalism.
{"title":"Representatives, Reflection, Roles, and Responsibilities: The Metajournalistic Discourse on the Press Boycott of Naomi Osaka","authors":"Lena Maria Küpper","doi":"10.1177/21674795241267948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241267948","url":null,"abstract":"Metajournalism is the term used in communication science to describe the public discussion of journalism. Studies on how reflexive reporting occurs in sports journalism are rare, which is surprising considering the close sports media intertwining. When tennis player Naomi Osaka declared her intention to skip press conferences during the 2021 French Open to raise awareness of the psychological pressures placed on elite athletes, this triggered a sports-related metajournalistic discourse. This study provides a systematic description of this discourse using a qualitative content analysis of 102 online articles in quality, tabloid and sports media. Only minimal self-criticism was found, and journalists primarily attributed the responsibility for the topic of mental health to the system of competitive sports. Unsurprisingly, there are significant differences in the quality and quantity of reporting in the various genres. In every form of media, Osaka’s own representation occupies a significant amount of space. All media genres have a tendency to portray the arguments of non-media representatives, especially those from the tennis world, rather than articulate their own perspectives. This study contributes to the understanding of public negotiation processes regarding roles and responsibilities in sports journalism.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1177/21674795241267197
Gregory A. Cranmer, Emma G. Cox, Rikishi T. Rey, Blair Browning, Leland G. Holbert
Collegiate student-athletes are experiencing an ongoing mental health epidemic, especially concerning anxiety and depression. This study builds upon the meta-theory of the human need to belong and the transactional theory of stress and coping by framing stress as a mediator for the benefits of cohesion between teammates on mental health. Data from 121 Division-I student-athletes demonstrated a fully mediated model whereby task cohesion indirectly benefited anxiety and depression through lower stress levels. Social cohesion, however, was not significantly associated with either stress or anxiety and depression. These findings underscore teammate relationships are appraised as social stimuli and that the lack of shared task approaches and understandings among teammates can be distressing and detract from general well-being. Coaches, athletic departments, and other academic stakeholders may use this information to guide their efforts to lower student-athlete stress through their social relationships with others. This aim can become an emphasis on pre-season training, team meetings, and athlete check-ins.
{"title":"Effects of Cohesion With Teammates on Division-I Student-Athletes’ Mental Health: An Application of the Human Need to Belong and Transactional Stress Frameworks","authors":"Gregory A. Cranmer, Emma G. Cox, Rikishi T. Rey, Blair Browning, Leland G. Holbert","doi":"10.1177/21674795241267197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241267197","url":null,"abstract":"Collegiate student-athletes are experiencing an ongoing mental health epidemic, especially concerning anxiety and depression. This study builds upon the meta-theory of the human need to belong and the transactional theory of stress and coping by framing stress as a mediator for the benefits of cohesion between teammates on mental health. Data from 121 Division-I student-athletes demonstrated a fully mediated model whereby task cohesion indirectly benefited anxiety and depression through lower stress levels. Social cohesion, however, was not significantly associated with either stress or anxiety and depression. These findings underscore teammate relationships are appraised as social stimuli and that the lack of shared task approaches and understandings among teammates can be distressing and detract from general well-being. Coaches, athletic departments, and other academic stakeholders may use this information to guide their efforts to lower student-athlete stress through their social relationships with others. This aim can become an emphasis on pre-season training, team meetings, and athlete check-ins.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rapid advancement of technology, esports have become more accessible and widespread on online platforms. The behavior of fans watching live broadcasts online differs from that of those watching on TV or attending stadium events. To understand the online demand for esports, this study examines the determinants of live esports viewership using advanced data from online platforms. We examined game-level data from the League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2022. We analyzed four dependent variables representing esports online demands—hours watched, peak views, concurrent average views, and view drops—based on several pre-game (outcome uncertainty and team quality), in-game (game quality and upset result), and schedule-related (evening game) variables. Using two-way least squares dummy variable regression models, we identified the key determinants. The results suggest that outcome uncertainty, team quality, game quality, and evening games significantly impact esports online viewership. In addition, in-game factors, such as the sum and difference in kills between teams, attracted more viewers. This indicates that online viewers prefer games with more kills and a closer kill difference between teams.
{"title":"Determinants of Online Live Esports Viewership With Advanced Data: The Case of League of Legends Champions Korea","authors":"Yoonji Ryu, Jaehyun Jeong, Wonseok Jang, Gyemin Lee, Hyunwoong Pyun","doi":"10.1177/21674795241277051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241277051","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancement of technology, esports have become more accessible and widespread on online platforms. The behavior of fans watching live broadcasts online differs from that of those watching on TV or attending stadium events. To understand the online demand for esports, this study examines the determinants of live esports viewership using advanced data from online platforms. We examined game-level data from the League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2022. We analyzed four dependent variables representing esports online demands—hours watched, peak views, concurrent average views, and view drops—based on several pre-game (outcome uncertainty and team quality), in-game (game quality and upset result), and schedule-related (evening game) variables. Using two-way least squares dummy variable regression models, we identified the key determinants. The results suggest that outcome uncertainty, team quality, game quality, and evening games significantly impact esports online viewership. In addition, in-game factors, such as the sum and difference in kills between teams, attracted more viewers. This indicates that online viewers prefer games with more kills and a closer kill difference between teams.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/21674795241273875
Anina Gächter, Pascal Stegmann, Grazia Lang
With the rise of online media, the Uses and Gratifications approach has experienced a revival in general as well as in sports media research. However, most studies have not considered the variability in online media usage behavior, which indicates a heterogenity in fans’ gratification sought in online media consumption. To account for this heterogenity, this study conducts a cluster analysis based on the Uses and Gratifications approach to segment Swiss football fans according to their motivations for using online media. Further, it analyses how the emerging motivational profiles differ in online media usage and fan identification. The findings suggest that even though information, positive emotions, and entertainment remain the most sought gratifications across all participants, fans can be segmented into four motivational profiles: Football Afficionados, Casual Users, Joy-Seeking Spenders, and Online Media Enthusiasts. These profiles exhibit significant differences in their online media usage behaviour as well as in their fan identification. They, therefore, indicate a need for market segmentation when analysing online media usage motivation in football fans and demonstrate that clubs can achieve greater customer satisfaction by tailoring their online media content to the needs and online media consumption behaviour of their fans.
随着网络媒体的兴起，"使用与满足"（Uses and Gratifications）方法在体育媒体研究中也得到了广泛应用。然而，大多数研究并没有考虑到网络媒体使用行为的差异性，这表明球迷在网络媒体消费中所追求的满足感存在异质性。为了考虑这种异质性，本研究基于 "使用与满足 "方法进行了聚类分析，根据瑞士球迷使用网络媒体的动机对其进行细分。此外，研究还分析了新出现的动机特征在网络媒体使用和球迷认同方面的不同之处。研究结果表明，尽管信息、积极情绪和娱乐仍然是所有参与者最追求的满足感，但球迷可以被划分为四种动机特征：足球迷、休闲用户、快乐追求者和网络媒体发烧友。这些类型的球迷在网络媒体使用行为和球迷身份认同方面存在明显差异。因此，这些研究表明，在分析球迷使用网络媒体的动机时，需要对市场进行细分，并证明俱乐部可以通过根据球迷的需求和网络媒体消费行为定制网络媒体内容，获得更高的客户满意度。
{"title":"A Uses and Gratifications-Based Market Segmentation Approach to Football Fans’ Online Media Usage Motivation","authors":"Anina Gächter, Pascal Stegmann, Grazia Lang","doi":"10.1177/21674795241273875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241273875","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of online media, the Uses and Gratifications approach has experienced a revival in general as well as in sports media research. However, most studies have not considered the variability in online media usage behavior, which indicates a heterogenity in fans’ gratification sought in online media consumption. To account for this heterogenity, this study conducts a cluster analysis based on the Uses and Gratifications approach to segment Swiss football fans according to their motivations for using online media. Further, it analyses how the emerging motivational profiles differ in online media usage and fan identification. The findings suggest that even though information, positive emotions, and entertainment remain the most sought gratifications across all participants, fans can be segmented into four motivational profiles: Football Afficionados, Casual Users, Joy-Seeking Spenders, and Online Media Enthusiasts. These profiles exhibit significant differences in their online media usage behaviour as well as in their fan identification. They, therefore, indicate a need for market segmentation when analysing online media usage motivation in football fans and demonstrate that clubs can achieve greater customer satisfaction by tailoring their online media content to the needs and online media consumption behaviour of their fans.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1177/21674795241268130
Ever Josue Figueroa, Vincent Peña, Krishnan Vasudevan
Daniel Bryan’s WWE Championship reign, from November 13, 2018, to April 7, 2019, provides an interesting case study to analyze the intersection of politics, mediated sport, neoliberalism, and colorblind ideology in professional wrestling storylines. This study conducts uses textual analysis to uncover how WWE utilized Bryan’s reign to communicate ideologies in their weekly programming. The findings suggest that Bryan’s persona as a villainous leftist “heel,” symbolically positions left-wing politics as antagonistic to the neoliberal values exercised in sports media. Bryan’s defeat at the hands of African wrestler Kofi Kingston, reifies colorblind ideology and neoliberalism through the aesthetics of mediated sport.
丹尼尔-布莱恩在2018年11月13日至2019年4月7日期间卫冕WWE冠军，为分析职业摔跤故事情节中政治、媒介体育、新自由主义和色盲意识形态的交集提供了一个有趣的案例研究。本研究通过文本分析，揭示了 WWE 如何利用布莱恩的统治在每周节目中传播意识形态。研究结果表明，布莱恩作为左派 "脚后跟 "的反派角色，象征性地将左翼政治与体育媒体中的新自由主义价值观对立起来。布莱恩败于非洲摔跤手科菲-金斯顿（Kofi Kingston）之手，通过体育媒体的美学再现了色盲意识形态和新自由主义。
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