Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1177/21674795241309844
Scott Parrott
The sports card industry boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic when sports fans lacked access to sporting events. Estimates now place the value of the sports card industry in the billions. Sports cards raise compelling questions concerning fan behavior: Why collect cardboard photos of athletes? This study examines fan motivations for collecting sports cards by examining comments on Reddit, a social media platform centered around shared interests. Informed by the Uses & Gratifications approach, a thematic analysis was used to examine 326 comments concerning user motivations for collecting sports cards. Seven reasons were identified: Fans collect sports cards because (1) sports cards are educational; (2) fans identify with athletes; (3) sports cards can be a financial investment; (4) sports cards are addicting; (5) sports cards nurture social connection; (6) sports cards are entertaining, and (7) sports cards provide escape from mundane and stressful life events.
{"title":"Why Do People Collect Sportscards? Fan Motivations for Collecting Miniature Sports Media","authors":"Scott Parrott","doi":"10.1177/21674795241309844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241309844","url":null,"abstract":"The sports card industry boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic when sports fans lacked access to sporting events. Estimates now place the value of the sports card industry in the billions. Sports cards raise compelling questions concerning fan behavior: Why collect cardboard photos of athletes? This study examines fan motivations for collecting sports cards by examining comments on Reddit, a social media platform centered around shared interests. Informed by the Uses & Gratifications approach, a thematic analysis was used to examine 326 comments concerning user motivations for collecting sports cards. Seven reasons were identified: Fans collect sports cards because (1) sports cards are educational; (2) fans identify with athletes; (3) sports cards can be a financial investment; (4) sports cards are addicting; (5) sports cards nurture social connection; (6) sports cards are entertaining, and (7) sports cards provide escape from mundane and stressful life events.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-11DOI: 10.1177/21674795241308355
Marie Hardin, Andrew C. Billings
{"title":"Sports Journalism as Both Practice and Industry: New Research and Ideas to Understand Dynamics and Impact","authors":"Marie Hardin, Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795241308355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241308355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1177/21674795241301308
Monica Crawford
With over four decades of scholarship assessing sports media coverage through the lens of hegemonic masculinity, this study poses counterpublics as a generative theoretical concept for telling stories about sport differently and locating instances of feminist resistance within sports media. To theorize the nature of a women’s sport counterpublic, this study turns to online women’s sports media organizations. The analysis consists of a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of six identified outlets’ “About” pages and contends that the outlets employ elements of counterpublicity by making statements of (perceived) exclusion, developing their discursive arenas, and maintaining links to mainstream sports media outlets. In posing counterpublics as a valuable conceptual framework for the study of sports media, this study advocates for a paradigmatic shift to focusing on the margins of sport as spaces welcome to a re-imagining of an inclusive future of sport.
{"title":"“If Those Stats Make You Mad, Then You’ve Come to the Right Place”: Theorizing a Women’s Sports Media Counterpublic","authors":"Monica Crawford","doi":"10.1177/21674795241301308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241301308","url":null,"abstract":"With over four decades of scholarship assessing sports media coverage through the lens of hegemonic masculinity, this study poses counterpublics as a generative theoretical concept for telling stories about sport differently and locating instances of feminist resistance within sports media. To theorize the nature of a women’s sport counterpublic, this study turns to online women’s sports media organizations. The analysis consists of a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of six identified outlets’ “About” pages and contends that the outlets employ elements of counterpublicity by making statements of (perceived) exclusion, developing their discursive arenas, and maintaining links to mainstream sports media outlets. In posing counterpublics as a valuable conceptual framework for the study of sports media, this study advocates for a paradigmatic shift to focusing on the margins of sport as spaces welcome to a re-imagining of an inclusive future of sport.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"55 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1177/21674795241303424
Zizhong Zhang
This study examines danmu (bullet screens) as a form of parasocial audience engagement, focusing on two television interviews with women athletes. A textual analysis of 3513 comments identified five types of parasocial interactions: addressing the athletes, the host, other viewers, social issues, and the nation. Danmu fosters multidimensional engagement, enabling audiences to shift roles and adopt diverse communication strategies. Moreover, the scope of these interactions extends beyond the video context to address broader societal and national issues. This study also highlights the concept of parakin interactions as reflected in danmu. It underscores danmu’s potential as a participatory journalism tool that complements mainstream media by fostering emotional resonance and challenging benevolent sexism in coverage. Feminism emerges as a central framework within the danmu discourse surrounding women athletes. As a form of parasocial audience engagement, danmu holds promise for empowering a wider range of marginalized groups.
{"title":"Danmu as Parasocial Audience Engagement: A Textual Analysis Based on Television Interviews With Women Athletes","authors":"Zizhong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/21674795241303424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241303424","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines danmu (bullet screens) as a form of parasocial audience engagement, focusing on two television interviews with women athletes. A textual analysis of 3513 comments identified five types of parasocial interactions: addressing the athletes, the host, other viewers, social issues, and the nation. Danmu fosters multidimensional engagement, enabling audiences to shift roles and adopt diverse communication strategies. Moreover, the scope of these interactions extends beyond the video context to address broader societal and national issues. This study also highlights the concept of parakin interactions as reflected in danmu. It underscores danmu’s potential as a participatory journalism tool that complements mainstream media by fostering emotional resonance and challenging benevolent sexism in coverage. Feminism emerges as a central framework within the danmu discourse surrounding women athletes. As a form of parasocial audience engagement, danmu holds promise for empowering a wider range of marginalized groups.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1177/21674795241300254
Mauro I. Greco
On November 25th, 2020, Argentine icon Diego Maradona died, and the international press and governments wrote their obituaries. Unlike what happened with the Argentine media press, where almost no critical voice was raised to remember the controversial sides of the iconic footballer, both British and French media—despite the well-intentioned decolonising agenda of the last seven decades—could not avoid a racial gaze to remember Maradona’s life and career. Focusing on some specific British ( The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and The Jacobin) and French ( Le monde, Le figaro, and Liberation) media, I will systematise and analyse their tropes and images to depict Maradona’s passing. Drawing on French philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s reading of Baruch Spinoza, on French sociologists Grignon et Passeron discussing their conational Pierre Bourdieu, and finally on Erving Gofmann’s category of ‘stigma’, I will concentrate on the ‘regret requests’, ‘miserabilism’ and tensions between ‘minstralisation’ and ‘normification’ findable in British and French media press coverage of Maradona’s death.
{"title":"Visions of Maradona: A Liar, a Cheat, Un Cocaïnomane, Un Dealer. UK and France Regarding a Latin American Player","authors":"Mauro I. Greco","doi":"10.1177/21674795241300254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241300254","url":null,"abstract":"On November 25th, 2020, Argentine icon Diego Maradona died, and the international press and governments wrote their obituaries. Unlike what happened with the Argentine media press, where almost no critical voice was raised to remember the controversial sides of the iconic footballer, both British and French media—despite the well-intentioned decolonising agenda of the last seven decades—could not avoid a racial gaze to remember Maradona’s life and career. Focusing on some specific British ( The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and The Jacobin) and French ( Le monde, Le figaro, and Liberation) media, I will systematise and analyse their tropes and images to depict Maradona’s passing. Drawing on French philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s reading of Baruch Spinoza, on French sociologists Grignon et Passeron discussing their conational Pierre Bourdieu, and finally on Erving Gofmann’s category of ‘stigma’, I will concentrate on the ‘regret requests’, ‘miserabilism’ and tensions between ‘minstralisation’ and ‘normification’ findable in British and French media press coverage of Maradona’s death.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1177/21674795241299025
Nathan Kalman-Lamb, Derek Silva
In this article, we examine whether modes of representation that disrupt and defamiliarize the naturalized understandings fans share about the legitimacy and necessity of spectacular violence and sacrifice in sport can have the potential to reframe fan attitudes and investments. We explore the social cognitive and attitudinal shift towards traumatic brain injury (TBI) and injury more broadly in American football of first year students with a stated investment in the spectacle of high-performance sports after viewing Josh Begley’s 2018 short film Concussion Protocol. By comparing the responses of students at the beginning of the semester to their responses immediately after viewing the film, this project reveals how placing fans of sport in a face-to-face relationship with athletic laborers can challenge preexisting assumptions about normalized violence in sport, ultimately effectuating a potentially new and more humane attitude to athletic spectatorship.
{"title":"Defamiliarizing Concussions: Sports Fandom, Injury, and Potential Attitudinal Shifts","authors":"Nathan Kalman-Lamb, Derek Silva","doi":"10.1177/21674795241299025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241299025","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine whether modes of representation that disrupt and defamiliarize the naturalized understandings fans share about the legitimacy and necessity of spectacular violence and sacrifice in sport can have the potential to reframe fan attitudes and investments. We explore the social cognitive and attitudinal shift towards traumatic brain injury (TBI) and injury more broadly in American football of first year students with a stated investment in the spectacle of high-performance sports after viewing Josh Begley’s 2018 short film Concussion Protocol. By comparing the responses of students at the beginning of the semester to their responses immediately after viewing the film, this project reveals how placing fans of sport in a face-to-face relationship with athletic laborers can challenge preexisting assumptions about normalized violence in sport, ultimately effectuating a potentially new and more humane attitude to athletic spectatorship.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1177/21674795241299026
Dustin Hahn
This study examines the use and effect of statistics in online social media posts on X (formerly Twitter) for the top five professional sports leagues in the U.S. (NFL, NBA, MLB, MLS, and NHL) during 2023 for changes in engagement, enjoyment, and emotion. This study utilizes machine learning to code 49,455 X posts before employing AI-powered sentiment and emotion analysis tools, in conjunction with more traditional measures of engagement and enjoyment, of 136,401 mentions responding to a randomly sampled subset of 500 of these posts (50 with statistics and 50 without statistics present in each of the five leagues). First, findings revealed discrepancies in frequency of use of statistics across leagues. Next, while posts with statistics increased engagement, they also negatively impacted enjoyment. Finally, analysis revealed posts with statistics yielded more “sad” responses compared to more “joyful” responses to posts without statistics. However, results varied by sports league. Implications for exemplification theory and future sport communication research on the use of statistics in sports media and practical considerations for sports media professionals are discussed.
{"title":"The Use and Effect of Statistics in U.S. Professional Sports Leagues’ X Posts on Engagement, Enjoyment, and Emotion","authors":"Dustin Hahn","doi":"10.1177/21674795241299026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241299026","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the use and effect of statistics in online social media posts on X (formerly Twitter) for the top five professional sports leagues in the U.S. (NFL, NBA, MLB, MLS, and NHL) during 2023 for changes in engagement, enjoyment, and emotion. This study utilizes machine learning to code 49,455 X posts before employing AI-powered sentiment and emotion analysis tools, in conjunction with more traditional measures of engagement and enjoyment, of 136,401 mentions responding to a randomly sampled subset of 500 of these posts (50 with statistics and 50 without statistics present in each of the five leagues). First, findings revealed discrepancies in frequency of use of statistics across leagues. Next, while posts with statistics increased engagement, they also negatively impacted enjoyment. Finally, analysis revealed posts with statistics yielded more “sad” responses compared to more “joyful” responses to posts without statistics. However, results varied by sports league. Implications for exemplification theory and future sport communication research on the use of statistics in sports media and practical considerations for sports media professionals are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1177/21674795241297124
Travis R. Bell, Jaime Shamado Robb, Deirdre Cobb-Roberts, Kalin Velez
This research applied a critical quantitative approach to the 247sports.com recruiting website to consider whether the “Black quarterback” label systematically rooted in sport persisted as a mediated form of racial stacking for high school football quarterbacks. A 20-year content analysis (2001–2020) examined race, position code, star value, and position ranking for 3448 high school quarterbacks. The results indicated a pattern of racial stacking through the use of coded language, where 85.3% of “pro-style” quarterbacks were White, and Black quarterbacks occupied a majority (55.5%) in the “dual-threat” code. These findings are contextualized through a QuantCrit approach define here or see below where the greatest concern is the cyclical predictability of recruiting rankings that illustrate the centrality and permanence of racism through the constructed duality of two quarterback codes. This research identifies a racialization of ability that establishes “pro-style” as the property of Whiteness and showcases a fundamental relationship between recruiting websites and the discriminatory language drawn on by media, coaches, and others to demarcate quarterbacks by race. This study illuminates how power works through mediated practice that creates an ideological reservoir of racial marking of football players enmeshed in the historical stacking process.
{"title":"(Re)Coding the “Black Quarterback”: A 20-Year Critical Quantitative Analysis of Racial Stacking and the Mediated Dichotomy Between “Pro-Style” and “Dual-Threat”","authors":"Travis R. Bell, Jaime Shamado Robb, Deirdre Cobb-Roberts, Kalin Velez","doi":"10.1177/21674795241297124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241297124","url":null,"abstract":"This research applied a critical quantitative approach to the 247sports.com recruiting website to consider whether the “Black quarterback” label systematically rooted in sport persisted as a mediated form of racial stacking for high school football quarterbacks. A 20-year content analysis (2001–2020) examined race, position code, star value, and position ranking for 3448 high school quarterbacks. The results indicated a pattern of racial stacking through the use of coded language, where 85.3% of “pro-style” quarterbacks were White, and Black quarterbacks occupied a majority (55.5%) in the “dual-threat” code. These findings are contextualized through a QuantCrit approach define here or see below where the greatest concern is the cyclical predictability of recruiting rankings that illustrate the centrality and permanence of racism through the constructed duality of two quarterback codes. This research identifies a racialization of ability that establishes “pro-style” as the property of Whiteness and showcases a fundamental relationship between recruiting websites and the discriminatory language drawn on by media, coaches, and others to demarcate quarterbacks by race. This study illuminates how power works through mediated practice that creates an ideological reservoir of racial marking of football players enmeshed in the historical stacking process.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1177/21674795241295657
Elham Ghobain
This study examines the dominant narratives and media frames surrounding the moment when football celebrity Lionel Messi wore a bisht during the World Cup 2022 crowning ceremony. Employing a frame analysis approach, the research seeks to uncover the discursive meanings tied to this moment, which is heightened by national identity and nationalism in the context of globalized sport across international media platforms. A corpus of 25, 208 words from 59 online news articles was analyzed. At a macro level, the articles were largely framed within themes of conflict, controversy, criticism, and public and media reactions. The findings, which include specific cultural, national, political, economic, and identity frames, offer valuable insights into the complexities of globalization, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism in mega sporting events. Through discursive interpretations, this study provides a nuanced understanding of cultural exchange and identity issues in the globalized world of sports. Global media portrayed Messi’s bisht moment both positively (as a symbol of honor and respect) and negatively (as an instance of identity exploitation for cultural publicity). The study also reveals that Qatar was perceived as leveraging the event for national branding. Notably, nationalism and ideologies emerge as critical factors in media framing of mega sporting events.
{"title":"‘Discursive Interpretations of Cultural Symbols in Mega Sporting Events: The Case of Messi’s Bisht at the 2022 World Cup’","authors":"Elham Ghobain","doi":"10.1177/21674795241295657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241295657","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the dominant narratives and media frames surrounding the moment when football celebrity Lionel Messi wore a bisht during the World Cup 2022 crowning ceremony. Employing a frame analysis approach, the research seeks to uncover the discursive meanings tied to this moment, which is heightened by national identity and nationalism in the context of globalized sport across international media platforms. A corpus of 25, 208 words from 59 online news articles was analyzed. At a macro level, the articles were largely framed within themes of conflict, controversy, criticism, and public and media reactions. The findings, which include specific cultural, national, political, economic, and identity frames, offer valuable insights into the complexities of globalization, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism in mega sporting events. Through discursive interpretations, this study provides a nuanced understanding of cultural exchange and identity issues in the globalized world of sports. Global media portrayed Messi’s bisht moment both positively (as a symbol of honor and respect) and negatively (as an instance of identity exploitation for cultural publicity). The study also reveals that Qatar was perceived as leveraging the event for national branding. Notably, nationalism and ideologies emerge as critical factors in media framing of mega sporting events.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1177/21674795241293041
R. Glenn Cummins, Dustin Hahn
Inspired by the regular reflections and suggestions for the future that regularly appear within Communication & Sport, this paper reports the result of a systematic review of a sample of articles from the first 10 vol of the journal to document the most common methods, forms of data employed, theoretical frameworks (and how they are applied), and nationality of author affiliation. Results reflect that the analysis of media texts, either qualitative or quantitative in nature, is the most common methodological approach. Moreover, qualitative approaches dominate the journal. With respect to theories or organizing frameworks, a select few theories appear most frequently, and frameworks related to gender are most common (i.e., hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, etc.). Furthermore, most references to theories or framework are just that—mere references. Only a minority of references offered theories as the guiding framework for the articles in which they appeared. To further advance legitimacy of the field, we offer suggestions for expanding the methodological approaches employed within the field, as well as suggestions for the explicit treatment of theory.
{"title":"10 Years of Communication & Sport: A Review of Theory, Method, and Authorship","authors":"R. Glenn Cummins, Dustin Hahn","doi":"10.1177/21674795241293041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795241293041","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the regular reflections and suggestions for the future that regularly appear within Communication & Sport, this paper reports the result of a systematic review of a sample of articles from the first 10 vol of the journal to document the most common methods, forms of data employed, theoretical frameworks (and how they are applied), and nationality of author affiliation. Results reflect that the analysis of media texts, either qualitative or quantitative in nature, is the most common methodological approach. Moreover, qualitative approaches dominate the journal. With respect to theories or organizing frameworks, a select few theories appear most frequently, and frameworks related to gender are most common (i.e., hegemonic masculinity, heteronormativity, etc.). Furthermore, most references to theories or framework are just that—mere references. Only a minority of references offered theories as the guiding framework for the articles in which they appeared. To further advance legitimacy of the field, we offer suggestions for expanding the methodological approaches employed within the field, as well as suggestions for the explicit treatment of theory.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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