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Potential suicide risk among the college student population: machine learning approaches for identifying predictors and different students' risk profiles. 大学生群体的潜在自杀风险:识别预测因素和不同学生风险特征的机器学习方法。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00301-6
Jessica Dagani, Chiara Buizza, Clarissa Ferrari, Alberto Ghilardi

Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young people and university students. Research has identified numerous socio-demographic, relational, and clinical factors as potential predictors of suicide risk, and machine learning techniques have emerged as promising ways to improve risk assessment.

Objective: This cross-sectional observational study aimed at identifying predictors and college student profiles associated with suicide risk through a machine learning approach.

Methods: A total of 3102 students were surveyed regarding potential suicide risk, socio-demographic characteristics, academic career, and physical/mental health and well-being. The classification tree technique and the multiple correspondence analysis were applied to define students' profiles in terms of suicide risk and to detect the main predictors of such a risk.

Results: Among the participating students, 7% showed high potential suicide risk and 3.8% had a history of suicide attempts. Psychological distress and use of alcohol/substance were prominent predictors of suicide risk contributing to define the profile of high risk of suicide: students with significant psychological distress, and with medium/high-risk use of alcohol and psychoactive substances. Conversely, low psychological distress and low-risk use of alcohol and substances, together with religious practice, represented the profile of students with low risk of suicide.

Conclusions: Machine learning techniques could hold promise for assessing suicide risk in college students, potentially leading to the development of more effective prevention programs. These programs should address both risk and protective factors and be tailored to students' needs and to the different categories of risk.

背景:自杀是年轻人和大学生的主要死因之一。研究发现,许多社会人口学、人际关系和临床因素都是自杀风险的潜在预测因素,而机器学习技术已成为改善风险评估的有效方法:这项横断面观察性研究旨在通过机器学习方法确定与自杀风险相关的预测因素和大学生特征:共对 3102 名学生进行了有关潜在自杀风险、社会人口特征、学业生涯、身体/心理健康和幸福感的调查。采用分类树技术和多重对应分析来确定学生的自杀风险特征,并检测自杀风险的主要预测因素:结果:在参与调查的学生中,7%的学生有较高的潜在自杀风险,3.8%的学生有自杀未遂史。心理困扰和酗酒/服用精神药物是自杀风险的主要预测因素,有助于确定高自杀风险的特征:学生有严重的心理困扰,酗酒和服用精神药物的风险为中度/高度。相反,低心理压力、低风险使用酒精和精神活性物质以及宗教信仰则代表了低自杀风险学生的特征:结论:机器学习技术在评估大学生自杀风险方面大有可为,有可能开发出更有效的预防计划。这些计划应同时针对风险因素和保护因素,并根据学生的需求和不同的风险类别量身定制。
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引用次数: 0
International Trauma Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9: validity evidence and measurement invariance of their Brazilian versions. 国际创伤问卷》和《创伤后认知清单-9》:巴西版本的有效性证据和测量不变性。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00297-z
Isabelle Aprigio, Pedro Paulo Pires Dos Santos, Gustavo Gauer

Background: The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9 (PTCI-9) is used to measure posttraumatic cognitions. Both tools have been translated for use in Brazil. However, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian versions were not investigated, and no study has verified the invariance of these tools for many traumatic event types.

Objective: This study examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and the PTCI-9 for trauma type, gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region.

Methods: A total of 2,111 people (67.74% women) participated in an online survey. The scale models were tested via confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance through multigroup analyses. Pearson's correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between PTSD, CPTSD, posttraumatic cognitions, and depressive symptoms.

Results: Except for the affective dysregulation factor, the reliabilities of the ITQ and PTCI-9 dimensions were adequate. Models with six correlated dimensions for the ITQ and three correlated dimensions for the PTCI-9 showed adequate fit to the data. The ITQ and PTCI-9 exhibited scalar invariance for gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. The ITQ also demonstrated full invariance for trauma type. The factors of both instruments were related to each other and to depressive symptoms, with higher effect sizes for posttraumatic cognitions and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Conclusion: We recommend using the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and PTCI-9, which are crucial tools for assessing and treating trauma-related disorders.

背景:国际创伤问卷(ITQ)用于测量创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和复杂创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)症状,创伤后认知清单-9(PTCI-9)用于测量创伤后认知。这两种工具都已翻译成巴西语使用。然而,巴西版本的心理测量特性尚未得到调查,也没有研究证实这些工具对多种创伤事件类型具有不变性:本研究考察了巴西版 ITQ 和 PTCI-9 在创伤类型、性别、种族、年龄组、教育水平和地理区域方面的有效性、可靠性和测量不变性:共有 2111 人(67.74% 为女性)参与了在线调查。量表模型通过确认性因子分析进行检验,测量不变量通过多组分析进行检验。皮尔逊相关分析用于研究创伤后应激障碍、创伤后创伤性应激障碍、创伤后认知和抑郁症状之间的关系:结果:除情感调节障碍因素外,ITQ 和 PTCI-9 各维度的可靠度都很高。ITQ的六个相关维度和PTCI-9的三个相关维度的模型显示出与数据的充分拟合。ITQ 和 PTCI-9 在性别、种族、年龄组、教育水平和地理区域方面都表现出标度不变性。ITQ 在创伤类型方面也表现出完全不变性。两种工具的因子相互关联,并与抑郁症状相关,创伤后认知和复杂创伤后应激障碍症状的效应大小更高:我们建议使用巴西版的 ITQ 和 PTCI-9,它们是评估和治疗创伤相关障碍的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Prospective memory instruments for the assessment of children and adolescents: a systematic review. 用于评估儿童和青少年的前瞻性记忆工具:系统综述。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00300-7
Vanessa de A Signori, Tiago M Watanabe, Ana Paula A de Pereira

Background: Prospective memory is the ability to engage in an intention to be performed in the future. The main objective of this study was to identify instruments that assess both time-based and event-based prospective memory in children and adolescents and that have the potential to be clinically applicable.

Method: Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were searched to identify existing PM measures in original articles published until 2022. Literature searches were conducted using the following terms: (prospective memor* OR memor* for intentions) AND (neuropsychological assessment) AND (test* OR instrument* OR questionnaire* OR task*) AND (psychometric properties) AND (child* OR adolescen*). Relevant studies identified in the reference lists were also included in the review.

Results: Ten instruments were identified and classified into three categories: (a) test batteries, (b) experimental procedures, and (c) questionnaires. All the instruments identified were described concerning their content and the psychometric properties available. Some of the instruments presented empirical evidence regarding validity and reliability, but no one provided normative data.

Conclusion: Besides the recent progress regarding studies publishing the development of a variety of novel measures, there are still many limitations surrounding the assessment of PM in the youth population because of the yet incipient psychometric properties presented by the majority of the PM instruments. Recommendations for a gold-standard PM instrument for assessing children and adolescents are provided.

背景:前瞻性记忆是指参与未来将要进行的意向的能力。本研究的主要目的是找出既能评估儿童和青少年基于时间的前瞻性记忆,又能评估基于事件的前瞻性记忆,并且有可能适用于临床的工具:方法:对三个数据库(PubMed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO)进行了检索,以确定 2022 年之前发表的原创文章中现有的前瞻性记忆测量方法。文献检索使用了以下术语:(前瞻性记忆*或意向性记忆*)和(神经心理学评估)和(测试*或工具*或问卷*或任务*)和(心理测量特性)和(儿童*或青少年*)。参考文献列表中确定的相关研究也被纳入审查范围:结果:确定了 10 种工具,并将其分为三类:(a) 测试工具,(b) 实验程序,(c) 问卷。所有已确定的工具都介绍了其内容和心理测量特性。其中一些工具提供了有效性和可靠性方面的经验证据,但没有任何工具提供标准数据:结论:除了最近关于开发各种新型测量方法的研究取得了进展之外,由于大多数 PM 测量工具的心理测量特性尚不成熟,因此在评估青少年 PM 方面仍然存在许多局限性。本报告就评估儿童和青少年可吸入颗粒物的黄金标准工具提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of parenting practices and family economy on psychological wellbeing and learning patterns in higher education students. 父母的养育方式和家庭经济对高校学生心理健康和学习模式的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00291-5
M A Gandarillas, M N Elvira-Zorzo, M Rodríguez-Vera

Background: There is a large literature on the significant impact of rearing factors in the psychological development of different child's learning patterns and wellbeing in elementary and secondary schools, but there is a scarcity of studies on to what extent those influences remain stable up to higher education.

Objective: In this study, parenting practices and family status were analyzed as predictors of the different learning styles, psychological difficulties, mental health factors, and academic performance, comprising the psychosocial diversity in learning (DinL) at the university classroom.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2522 students at the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). It included a DinL scale measuring five psychological learning dimensions (coping with difficulties, effort, autonomy, Social/Physical Context, and understanding/career interest), plus several items on retrospective parenting practices, family, and sociodemographic variables. Multiple regressions and analyses of variance were conducted with the family factors as independent variables and the learning factors as dependent variables.

Results: Results showed parenting variables, parents' education, and family economy as having a significant impact on psychological learning dimensions, academic performance, and especially on the students' wellbeing and mental health status, being an important contributors to explain the DinL in the university classroom.

Conclusion: The results bring interesting conclusions for developmental and health psychologists when working with parents aimed at fostering wellbeing and learning strategies related to academic inclusion and achievement.

背景:有大量文献研究了养育因素对中小学不同儿童的学习模式和幸福感的心理发展的重要影响,但很少有研究这些影响在多大程度上保持稳定,直至高等教育:本研究分析了父母的养育方式和家庭状况对不同学习风格、心理障碍、心理健康因素和学业成绩的预测作用,这些因素构成了大学课堂学习心理多样性(DinL):采用横断面设计,对马德里康普斯顿大学(西班牙)的 2522 名学生进行了问卷调查。问卷包括一个 DinL 量表,测量五个心理学习维度(应对困难、努力、自主性、社会/物理环境和理解/职业兴趣),以及几个关于回顾性养育实践、家庭和社会人口变量的项目。以家庭因素为自变量,学习因素为因变量,进行了多元回归和方差分析:结果表明,养育变量、父母受教育程度和家庭经济对学习心理维度、学业成绩,尤其是对学生的幸福感和心理健康状况有显著影响,是解释大学课堂中 DinL 的重要因素:研究结果为发展和健康心理学家在与家长合作时提供了有趣的结论,旨在培养与学业融入和成就相关的幸福感和学习策略。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of attention shifting on Chinese children's word reading in primary school. 注意力转移对中国儿童小学词语阅读的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00290-6
Hui Zhou, Meiling Jiang

Background: This study explored the effects of attention shifting on Chinese children's word reading.

Objective: The sample consisted of 87 fourth-grade children from Shaoxing City, China.

Methods: The students completed measures of the attention shifting task, reading accuracy test, reading fluency test, and rapid automatized naming test.

Results: The results showed that reading fluency was significantly correlated with attention shifting scores, specifically with tag1 and tag6 (ps < 0.05). The reading accuracy score was also significantly correlated with tag6 (p < 0.05). According to the regression analysis of attention shifting on word reading, even when controlling for rapid automatic naming, attention shifting significantly affected word reading fluency at approximately 600 ms (p = .011). Attention shifting did not affect children's word reading accuracy.

Short conclusion: These findings suggest that attention shifting is significantly associated with children's word reading. Educators should focus on developing children's attention shifting to improve their word reading ability.

研究背景本研究探讨了注意力转移对中国儿童单词阅读的影响:样本由中国绍兴市的 87 名四年级儿童组成:学生们完成了注意力转移任务、阅读准确性测试、阅读流畅性测试和快速自动命名测试:结果:结果表明,阅读流畅性与注意力转移得分显著相关,特别是与标记 1 和标记 6(ps 短文结论:这些结果表明,注意力转移与阅读流畅性有显著相关:这些研究结果表明,注意力转移与儿童的单词阅读能力明显相关。教育工作者应注重培养儿童的注意力转移能力,以提高他们的单词阅读能力。
{"title":"The effect of attention shifting on Chinese children's word reading in primary school.","authors":"Hui Zhou, Meiling Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s41155-024-00290-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41155-024-00290-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the effects of attention shifting on Chinese children's word reading.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The sample consisted of 87 fourth-grade children from Shaoxing City, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The students completed measures of the attention shifting task, reading accuracy test, reading fluency test, and rapid automatized naming test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that reading fluency was significantly correlated with attention shifting scores, specifically with tag1 and tag6 (ps < 0.05). The reading accuracy score was also significantly correlated with tag6 (p < 0.05). According to the regression analysis of attention shifting on word reading, even when controlling for rapid automatic naming, attention shifting significantly affected word reading fluency at approximately 600 ms (p = .011). Attention shifting did not affect children's word reading accuracy.</p><p><strong>Short conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that attention shifting is significantly associated with children's word reading. Educators should focus on developing children's attention shifting to improve their word reading ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Naive skepticism scale: development and validation tests applied to the chilean population. 天真怀疑量表:应用于智利人口的开发和验证测试。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00288-0
Rodrigo Ferrer-Urbina, Yasna Ramírez, Patricio Mena-Chamorro, Marcos Carmona-Halty, Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez

Background: Skepticism has traditionally been associated with critical thinking. However, philosophy has proposed a particular type of skepticism, termed naive skepticism, which may increase susceptibility to misinformation, especially when contrasting information from official sources. While some scales propose to measure skepticism, they are scarce and only measure specific topics; thus, new instruments are needed to assess this construct.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a scale to measure naive skepticism in the adult population.

Method: The study involved 446 individuals from the adult population. Subjects were randomly selected for either the pilot study (phase 2; n = 126) or the validity-testing study (phase 3; n = 320). Parallel analyses and exploratory structural equation modelling were conducted to assess the internal structure of the test. Scale reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients Finally, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess invariance, and a Set- Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was applied to estimate evidence of validity based on associations with other variables.

Results: The naive skepticism scale provided adequate levels of reliability (ω > 0.8), evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the test (CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.079), gender invariance, and a moderate inverse effect on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines.

Conclusions: The newly developed naive skepticism scale showed acceptable psychometric properties in an adult population, thus enabling the assessment of naive skepticism in similar demographics. This paper discusses the implications for the theoretical construct and possible limitations of the scale.

背景:怀疑论历来与批判性思维相关。然而,哲学提出了一种特殊类型的怀疑主义,即天真怀疑主义,这种怀疑主义可能会增加对错误信息的易感性,尤其是在对比官方来源的信息时。虽然有一些量表提出要测量怀疑主义,但这些量表很少,而且只能测量特定的主题;因此,需要新的工具来评估这一构造:本研究旨在开发一个量表来测量成年人的天真怀疑态度:研究涉及 446 名成年人。受试者被随机选入试验研究(第二阶段;n = 126)或有效性测试研究(第三阶段;n = 320)。为了评估测试的内部结构,我们进行了平行分析和探索性结构方程建模。最后,进行了多组确认性因素分析,以评估不变性,并应用集合探索性结构方程模型,根据与其他变量的关联来估计效度证据:结果:天真怀疑量表具有足够的信度(ω > 0.8)、基于测试内部结构的效度证据(CFI = 0.966;TLI = 0.951;RMSEA = 0.079)、性别不变性以及对 COVID-19 疫苗态度的适度反向影响:结论:新开发的天真怀疑主义量表在成人人群中显示出了可接受的心理测量特性,因此可以对类似人群的天真怀疑主义进行评估。本文讨论了该量表对理论构建的影响以及可能存在的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the short entrapment scale in a non-clinical sample of young adults. 在非临床样本的年轻成年人中,阿拉伯语翻译的简易禁锢量表的心理计量特性。
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00286-2
Alfred Chabbouh, Elie Charro, Georges-Alain Al Tekle, Michel Soufia, Souheil Hallit

Background: Entrapment is the feeling of wanting to leave an unbearable situation but believing that there are no options to do so. An Arabic entrapment Scale will assist healthcare professionals in the region in the prevention of suicide as the tool is tailored to the specific sociocultural context, which would enhance entrapment detection.

Objective: In the current study, we aim to evaluate the psychometric properties of a translated Arabic version of the Entrapment Scale Short Form (E-SF).

Methods: Three hundred eighty-nine Lebanese citizens were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Results: The mean age of participants was 23.03 years (SD = 2.93), 69.4% being women. To examine the factor structure of the entrapment scale, we used an exploratory-to-confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-to-CFA) strategy. EFA and CFA results indicated that the fit of the unidimensional model of the Arabic Entrapment Scale (A-ES) was generally acceptable. Composite reliability of scores was adequate in the total sample (ω = .87). All indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across genders. Entrapment was positively and significantly correlated with suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorder, psychological distress, and orthorexia nervosa, suggesting convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusion: The A-ES was found to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the degree of entrapment in Lebanese young adults. The A-ES will assist healthcare professionals in the region in the prevention of suicide as the tool is tailored to the specific sociocultural context, which would enhance entrapment detection.

背景:诱导是指一种想离开无法忍受的环境,但又认为别无选择的感觉。阿拉伯语禁锢量表将有助于该地区的医护人员预防自杀,因为该工具是根据特定的社会文化背景量身定制的,这将加强对禁锢的检测:在本研究中,我们旨在评估阿拉伯语翻译版诱捕量表简表(E-SF)的心理测量特性:这项横断面研究共招募了 389 名黎巴嫩公民:参与者的平均年龄为 23.03 岁(SD = 2.93),69.4% 为女性。为了研究诱捕量表的因子结构,我们采用了探索性到确认性因子分析(EFA-to-CFA)策略。EFA 和 CFA 结果表明,阿拉伯语禁锢量表(A-ES)单维模型的拟合度总体上可以接受。在所有样本中,分数的综合信度是适当的(ω = .87)。所有指标都表明,在不同性别之间,构型、度量和标度都具有不变量。禁锢与自杀意念、酒精使用障碍、心理困扰和神经性厌食症呈显著正相关,表明其具有收敛性和发散性:结论:研究发现,A-ES 是一种有效、可靠的工具,可用于评估黎巴嫩青壮年的被困程度。A-ES 将帮助该地区的医疗保健专业人员预防自杀,因为该工具是根据特定的社会文化背景量身定制的,这将提高夹带检测的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement invariance of the satisfaction with leisure satisfaction scale by gender, marital status, and age. 不同性别、婚姻状况和年龄的休闲满意度量表的测量不变性。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00282-y
Elif Köse, Hüseyin Gökçe, Neşe Toktaş, Tennur Yerlisu Lapa, Evren Tercan Kaas

Background: Leisure satisfaction is the degree of positive perception and emotions that an individual acquires as a result of participating in leisure time activities, and it has an important function in maintaining and increasing leisure time participation. Some studies on leisure satisfaction address the comparisons between groups. These studies are based on the premise that the measurement tool used to reveal the between-group differences measures the same feature in subgroups.

Objective: In this study, we investigated whether the differences between the groups were due to the measurement tool by examining the psychometric properties of the leisure satisfaction scale.

Methods: The study sample comprised 2344 exercising individuals, including 1228 (52.3%) women and 1116 (47.6%) men. The structural invariance of the leisure satisfaction scale, developed by Beard and Ragheb (Journal of Leisure Research 12:20-33, 1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 22:139-145, 2011), was tested through multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: The results indicated that the structural and metric invariance conditions were fulfilled across gender, marital status, and age in all subscales of the leisure satisfaction scale. Scalar invariance was obtained in educational and social satisfaction subscales across gender and in physical satisfaction subscale across marital status.

Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the future comparisons according to these three variables, indicating that the differences obtained will result from the real differences between groups rather than the measurement tool properties.

背景:闲暇满意度是指个体在参与闲暇活动后所获得的积极感知和情绪的程度,它对维持和增加闲暇时间的参与具有重要作用。一些关于休闲满意度的研究涉及群体之间的比较。这些研究的前提是,用于揭示组间差异的测量工具能够测量子群体的相同特征:在本研究中,我们通过研究休闲满意度量表的心理测量特性,探讨了组间差异是否由测量工具引起:研究样本包括 2344 名锻炼者,其中女性 1228 人(52.3%),男性 1116 人(47.6%)。休闲满意度量表由 Beard 和 Ragheb(《休闲研究杂志》12:20-33,1980 年)编制,Gökçe 和 Orhan(《Spor Bilimleri Dergisi》22:139-145,2011 年)将其改编为土耳其语:结果表明,休闲满意度量表的所有分量表在不同性别、婚姻状况和年龄下均满足结构和度量不变性条件。不同性别的教育和社交满意度分量表以及不同婚姻状况的身体满意度分量表都具有标度不变性:这项研究为今后根据这三个变量进行比较提供了证据,表明所获得的差异将来自不同群体之间的实际差异,而不是测量工具的特性。
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引用次数: 0
The factor structure of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ): new methodological approaches and evidence. 动机学习策略问卷的因素结构:新方法与证据。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00280-0
Jhonys de Araujo, Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes, Enio Galinkin Jelihovschi

Background: The area of self-regulated learning integrates the fields of metacognition and self-regulation and assumes that the student is an active processor of information capable of self-regulating his learning by putting together the cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational components. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a benchmark for the measurement of self-regulated learning. However, the field of study does not show adequate evidence of its structural validity. The vast majority of studies involving this question present serious methodological mistakes, compromising the evidence of validity.

Objective: Our study investigates the structural validity of MSLQ including all 15 scales and corrects relevant mistakes in the previous studies.

Method: We tested different models through item confirmatory factor analysis in a convenience sample of 670 college students (M = 22.8 years, SD = 5.2) from a public Brazilian university in the technological area. The models with the ML, MLR, MLM and WLMSV estimators.

Results: Only WLSMV produced models with acceptable fit. The final model has a bi-factor structure with a general factor (self-regulated learning), 15 components as first-order factors, and four broad components as second-order factors. Twelve first-order components, all second-order components and the general factor had acceptable reliability. The components' elaboration, intrinsic goal orientation and metacognitive self-regulation, did not show acceptable reliability, in terms of McDonald's omega.

Conclusion: Considering the worldwide importance of the MSLQ, we do not recommend the use of the measurement of these components for clinical practice and psychoeducational diagnosis until new studies show that this low reliability only occurs in our sample. Our study shows new evidence, correcting many previous methodological mistakes and producing initial evidence favorable to the factor structure of the MSLQ.

背景:自我调节学习领域整合了元认知和自我调节领域,并假设学生是一个主动的信息处理者,能够通过将认知、元认知和动机成分组合在一起来自我调节他的学习。动机学习策略问卷(MSLQ)是衡量自我调节学习的基准。然而,研究领域并没有显示出足够的证据来证明其结构有效性。涉及这个问题的绝大多数研究都存在严重的方法错误,损害了证据的有效性。目的:本研究对包含全部15个量表的MSLQ的结构效度进行检验,并纠正前人研究中的相关错误。方法:采用项目验证性因子分析对巴西一所公立大学技术领域的670名大学生(M = 22.8岁,SD = 5.2)进行方便样本检验。具有ML、MLR、MLM和WLMSV估计器的模型。结果:只有WLSMV产生了可接受的拟合模型。最终模型具有双因素结构,其中一般因素(自我调节学习),15个成分为一阶因素,4个广泛成分为二阶因素。12个一阶分量、所有二阶分量和一般因子具有可接受的信度。就麦当劳omega而言,各组成部分的阐述、内在目标导向和元认知自我调节没有表现出可接受的信度。结论:考虑到MSLQ在世界范围内的重要性,我们不建议在临床实践和心理教育诊断中使用这些成分的测量,直到新的研究表明这种低可靠性只发生在我们的样本中。我们的研究提供了新的证据,纠正了许多以前的方法错误,并产生了有利于MSLQ因素结构的初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style. 智利北部青少年不良童年经历与精神病理:依恋类型的调节作用。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00273-z
Cristián Pinto-Cortez, Gabriel Peñaloza-Díaz, Nicole Martínez, Sussan Díaz, Nicolle Valdovino, Margariett Zavala, Paola Muzatto-Negrón, Pamela Zapata-Sepúlveda

Background: Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life.

Objective: The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships- Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18).

Results: The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = -0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models.

Conclusion: In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.

背景:确定不良童年经历影响青少年心理健康的潜在机制,对于在生命后期预防疾病至关重要。目的:本研究探讨智利北部青少年ace与精神病理的关系,以及依恋类型(遗弃焦虑和亲密回避)如何调节这种关系。对154名12 ~ 17岁在校青少年(M = 15.08, SD = 1.64)进行了童年不良经历问卷(ace)、亲密关系经历-关系结构问卷(ECR-RS)和青少年自我报告(YSR-18)等一系列自我报告问卷。结果:采用SPSS version 25进行数据分析,包括描述性分析、单因素方差分析和Spearman相关分析。为了进行适度分析,使用了PROCESS宏扩展版本4.1。在此过程中,采用bootstrap方法构建置信区间,并采用pick-a-point方法定义调节变量的水平。根据结果,80.3%的样本经历了一次或多次ace, 16.4%的样本报告经历了至少三次ace。此外,除亲密回避与ace无显著相关(rho = -0.10;P = 0.273)。当考虑抛弃焦虑作为调节变量时,ace对外化症状的直接影响有统计学意义的变化(β = 0.60, p = 0.03)。根据提出的模型,没有发现其他的调节效应。结论:儿童期,ace的积累与智利北部青少年的精神病理发展有关,特别是与内化和外化症状的存在有关。研究结果表明,低水平的被抛弃焦虑可以减轻ace对青少年精神病理的影响,而高水平的被抛弃焦虑会加剧ace对青少年精神病理的影响。
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Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica
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