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A cross-sectional study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive function in Brazilian youths. 巴西青少年接触暴力、智力和执行功能之间关系的横断面研究。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00249-z
Rhaná Carolina Santos, Nicole Prigol Dalfovo, Julia de Freitas Machado, Lucas Araújo de Azeredo, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Mirna Wetters Portuguez, Augusto Buchweitz

We carried out an exploratory study of the association between exposure to violence, intelligence, and executive functions in Brazilian preadolescents. The study included 56 participants (31 males) aged 8 to 14 years old (mean = 11.3, SD = 1.0). We administered neuropsychological tests to evaluate executive functions and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) to evaluate exposure to violence. We used the following neuropsychological instruments: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Stroop Color-Word Interference task, digits subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and an N-back task. We generated a composite score from neuropsychological test scores and investigated the association of that score, and individual test scores, with exposure to violence and socioeconomic status (SES). Results suggest, first, that exposure to violence is associated with a 0.5-point lower intelligence quotient score for every reported victimization event in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results also show that the digits backward subtest scores showed a significant negative correlation with exposure to violence (JVQ; rho = -0.29, p < 0.05); both analyses were adjusted for the level of schooling of parents or guardians, which was also found to be significantly associated with lower intelligence quotient scores. We discuss results in the light of the existing literature on the effects of exposure to violence on adolescent development, and the amounting evidence that suggests an association of exposure to violence, and of victimization, with tests that evaluate constructs of executive functions. The study struggled with low compliance from participants, and we underscore the challenges of carrying out empirical studies aimed at better understanding the development of underrepresented youths, such as those from Central and Latin America.

我们对巴西前青少年暴露于暴力、智力和执行功能之间的关系进行了探索性研究。该研究包括56名参与者(31名男性),年龄在8至14岁之间(平均= 11.3,SD = 1.0)。我们使用神经心理学测试来评估执行功能,并使用青少年受害问卷(JVQ)来评估暴力暴露。我们使用了以下神经心理学工具:韦氏智力简略量表(WASI)、Stroop颜色-单词干扰任务、韦氏儿童智力量表数字子测试和N-back任务。我们从神经心理学测试分数中生成了一个综合分数,并调查了该分数和个人测试分数与暴力暴露和社会经济地位(SES)之间的关系。结果表明,首先,在青少年受害问卷中,每报告一次受害事件,暴露于暴力与智商得分降低0.5分有关。结果还表明,手指向后亚测试得分与暴力暴露呈显著负相关(JVQ;Rho = -0.29, p < 0.05);这两项分析都根据父母或监护人的受教育程度进行了调整,这也被发现与较低的智商得分有显著关联。我们根据现有的关于暴露于暴力对青少年发展的影响的文献,以及越来越多的证据来讨论结果,这些证据表明,暴露于暴力和受害与评估执行功能结构的测试有关。该研究努力解决参与者的低依从性问题,我们强调了开展旨在更好地了解代表性不足的年轻人(如中美洲和拉丁美洲的年轻人)发展的实证研究所面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in Chinese adults. 中文版人工智能威胁量表(TAI)在中国成年人中的有效性和可靠性。
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00247-1
Jie Cai, Zixuan Xu, Xiaoning Sun, Xiaojun Guo, Xurong Fu

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in fields such as medical treatment, while the threat of artificial intelligence has also received extensive attention. However, this topic has been only limitedly explored in China. To provide a measurement tool for AI threat research in China, this study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI) in two Chinese samples of adults (N1 = 654, N2 = 1483). Results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested that the one-factor model of TAI as the best fitting model. Furthermore, the Chinese TAI was significantly related to Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, proving good criterion-related validity of the Chinese TAI. In sum, this study suggested the Chinese version of the TAI as a reliable and effective tool in assessing AI threat in the Chinese context. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

随着 COVID-19 大流行的爆发,人工智能(AI)在医疗等领域得到了广泛应用,同时人工智能的威胁也受到了广泛关注。然而,这一课题在中国的探索还很有限。为了给中国的人工智能威胁研究提供一个测量工具,本研究旨在两个中国成人样本(N1 = 654,N2 = 1483)中检验人工智能威胁量表(TAI)的有效性和可靠性。探索性因素分析(EFA)和确认性因素分析(CFA)的结果表明,TAI 的单因素模型是最佳拟合模型。此外,中文 TAI 与正负感量表和焦虑自评量表有显著相关,证明中文 TAI 具有良好的标准相关效度。总之,本研究表明中文版 TAI 是在中国环境下评估人工智能威胁的可靠而有效的工具。研究还讨论了研究的局限性和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between morphological awareness and word reading in Brazilian Portuguese: a longitudinal study. 巴西葡萄牙语中形态认知与单词阅读之间的关系:一项纵向研究。
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00245-9
Francis Ricardo Dos Reis Justi, Bruno Stefani Ferreira de Oliveira, Cláudia Nascimento Guaraldo Justi

Studies have provided evidence that morphological awareness contributes to word reading in opaque languages such as English. However, this relationship is not yet established for Brazilian Portuguese, a much less opaque language. The present study performed a longitudinal investigation of the relationship between morphological awareness and word reading in 162 children from 2nd to 5th grades of elementary school. The children were evaluated in the final quarter of the respective school year (time 1) and 1 year later (time 2). Hierarchical regression analyses controlling for intelligence, phonological awareness, and phonological working memory were conducted. The hierarchical regression analyses were followed up by cross-lagged panel correlations, and both results converged to word reading measured in the 2nd and 3rd grades contributing to morphological awareness 1 year later. In addition, morphological awareness measured in the 4th grade contributed to word reading 1 year later. The greater transparency of Brazilian Portuguese may make morphological awareness less important for word reading in the early grades; however, in older children, morphological awareness is important for word reading performance.

研究证明,在英语等不透明语言中,词形意识有助于单词阅读。然而,巴西葡萄牙语这种不那么不透明的语言尚未建立这种关系。本研究对小学二年级至五年级的 162 名儿童进行了形态认知与单词阅读之间关系的纵向调查。分别在每个学年的最后一个季度(时间 1)和一年后(时间 2)对这些儿童进行了评估。对智力、语音意识和语音工作记忆进行了分层回归分析。在分层回归分析之后,又进行了交叉滞后面板相关分析,结果发现,二年级和三年级时的单词阅读对一年后的形态认知有促进作用。此外,四年级时的形态认知也有助于一年后的单词阅读。巴西葡萄牙语的透明度较高,这可能使形态认知在低年级的单词阅读中不那么重要;然而,在高年级儿童中,形态认知对单词阅读的表现非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation and validation of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale in the Ecuadorian context. 在厄瓜多尔背景下改编和验证成人意愿希望量表。
IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00246-2
Andrea M Vinueza-Solórzano, Ronald Enrique Campoverde, Cecilia Alexandra Portalanza-Chavarría, Clarissa P P de Freitas, Claudio Simon Hutz, Ana Claudia Souza Vazquez

This study aimed to evidence the validity and reliability of the Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, one of the most studied concepts of positive psychology. The adaptation process included translation and semantic and idiomatic validation. For content validation, an expert review and focus group were conducted. The questionnaire was applied to 2423 workers in Ecuador with a mean age of 37 years (SD = 9.04), and 65.6% were women. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the scale's dimensionality. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were also evaluated. In order to investigate the best solution for an Ecuadorian version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, four structural models were assessed. The unidimensional solution was the most adequate structure for the scale. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) was developed to assess this positive psychological state and has been the most used tool in many contexts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to adapt the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale into the Ecuadorian context and evaluate its validity. The findings support its reliability, factorial, and construct validity in the Ecuadorian context. Furthermore, the results show that dispositional hope acts as a protective factor, promoting work engagement and preventing burnout.

本研究旨在证明厄瓜多尔版成人倾向性希望量表的有效性和可靠性,该量表是积极心理学研究最多的概念之一。改编过程包括翻译、语义和成语验证。在内容验证方面,进行了专家评审和焦点小组讨论。问卷调查了厄瓜多尔的 2423 名工人,他们的平均年龄为 37 岁(SD = 9.04),65.6% 为女性。为评估量表维度的有效性,进行了确认性因子分析。此外,还对信度、收敛效度和判别效度进行了评估。为了研究厄瓜多尔版成人倾向性希望量表的最佳解决方案,对四个结构模型进行了评估。单维度方案是最适合该量表的结构。该量表的内部一致性良好。成人希望倾向量表(ADHS)是为评估这种积极的心理状态而开发的,在许多情况下都是最常用的工具。据我们所知,本研究是首次将成人希望倾向量表应用于厄瓜多尔环境并对其有效性进行评估的研究。研究结果支持该量表在厄瓜多尔环境下的可靠性、因子效度和建构效度。此外,研究结果表明,倾向性希望是一种保护性因素,可促进工作投入并防止职业倦怠。
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引用次数: 0
Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis. 不同程度抑郁症老年人的积极属性:基于网络分析的研究。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00244-w
Sabrina Braga Dos Santos, Wagner de Lara Machado, Liana Lisboa Fernandez, Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua, Sofia Hoffmann, Prisla Ücker Calvetti, Bruno Luis Schaab, Caroline Tozzi Reppold

Introduction: Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive.

Objective: The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs.

Results: Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression.

Conclusion: Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

引言:衰老过程中的抑郁可能导致自主能力的丧失和合并症的恶化。了解积极属性如何有助于更健康、更快乐的衰老一直是积极心理学的目的之一。然而,文献中仍然缺乏评估老年人抑郁与被认为是积极的结构之间关系的研究。目的:本研究旨在比较患有轻度、轻度、中度和重度抑郁症的老年人和健康对照者的精神幸福感、社会支持、自尊、生活满意度、情感、乐观和希望的结构得分,以探讨积极结构与抑郁症之间可能的间接和中介关系。方法:对老年人进行横断面研究,其中62人被诊断为不同严重程度的严重抑郁症(DSM-V)(根据Beck抑郁量表BDI,最低、轻度、中度和重度),66名健康对照者按年龄、性别和学校教育程度匹配。使用的工具是精神自评量表、Rosenberg自尊量表、医疗结果社会支持量表、生活满意度量表、积极和消极情绪表、修订的生活取向测试和成人倾向希望量表的改编和验证版本。在比较了各组之间的得分平均值后,对标准化的部分关联网络进行了分析,以研究抑郁症与其他评估结构之间的直接和中介关系。结果:对照组精神幸福感、社会支持、自尊、生活满意度、积极情感、乐观、消极情感和希望的得分与抑郁程度之间存在显著差异(p<0.001),和社会支持是中介的,而倾向性希望、积极情感、精神幸福感和乐观主义的结构与抑郁症间接相关。社会阶层也与抑郁症呈正相关。结论:不同程度的抑郁与评估积极属性的工具得分的降低有关。与抑郁症直接相关的结构是精神幸福、乐观、积极情感和倾向性希望。其他人调解了这种关系。这些结果可能有助于规划未来预防老年人抑郁症的干预措施。
{"title":"Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis.","authors":"Sabrina Braga Dos Santos,&nbsp;Wagner de Lara Machado,&nbsp;Liana Lisboa Fernandez,&nbsp;Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua,&nbsp;Sofia Hoffmann,&nbsp;Prisla Ücker Calvetti,&nbsp;Bruno Luis Schaab,&nbsp;Caroline Tozzi Reppold","doi":"10.1186/s41155-022-00244-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41155-022-00244-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":46901,"journal":{"name":"Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10523843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale in a Brazilian professional sample. 巴西专业样本中刚性和柔性坚持量表的心理测量特性和测量不变性。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00240-0
Evandro Morais Peixoto, Marcus Vinicius Silva, Ana Paula Porto Noronha, Tanya Chichekian, Robert J Vallerand

Persistence involves the intention to maintain efforts when faced with obstacles and challenges, in order to achieve a specific goal. The Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale (RFPS) is a self-report measure that assesses persistence that is theoretically derived from the premises of the Dualistic Model of Passion. The aim of the present research was to adapt the RFPS to Brazilian Portuguese and to estimate its evidence of validity and reliability in the context of work. Participants were 400 professionals, 55.8% women, aged between 18 and 68 years. The results indicate that the RFPS presented validity evidence based on the content. Corresponding to the theoretical expectations, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated adequacy of the structure composed of two factors, explaining 75% of the data variance, with good levels of reliability. The RFPS also revealed strong invariance across gender and work conditions (in-person vs remote). Flexible persistence showed positive association with harmonious passion and occupational self-efficacy. Conversely, rigid persistence showed positive association with obsessive passion. It was observed a mediational role of occupational self-efficacy in the relationship between harmonious passion and flexible persistence. Overall, the findings suggest that the RFPS is an adequate measure of persistence in a Brazilian occupational sample.

毅力指的是在遇到障碍和挑战时,为了达到一个特定的目标而继续努力的意愿。刚性和柔性坚持量表(RFPS)是一种评估坚持的自我报告量表,理论上是从激情二元模型的前提中衍生出来的。本研究的目的是使rfp适用于巴西葡萄牙语,并评估其在工作背景下的有效性和可靠性。参与者是400名专业人士,其中55.8%为女性,年龄在18至68岁之间。结果表明,rfp是基于内容的效度证据。与理论预期相对应,探索性和验证性因子分析表明,由两个因素组成的结构是充分的,解释了75%的数据方差,具有良好的信度水平。rfp还揭示了性别和工作条件(面对面和远程)之间的强烈不变性。灵活坚持与和谐激情、职业自我效能感呈显著正相关。相反,刚性坚持与强迫性激情呈正相关。观察到职业自我效能感在和谐激情与灵活坚持的关系中起中介作用。总的来说,研究结果表明,RFPS是巴西职业样本中持久性的适当衡量标准。
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引用次数: 0
Factor structure of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire among adult learners from Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. 波兰、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、捷克四国成人学习者自我调节问卷的因素结构。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00241-z
Jitka Vaculíková, Ilona Kočvarová, Jan Kalenda, Zuzana Neupauer, Marija Cvijetić Vukčević, Anna Włoch

Background: One of the most significant human qualities is the ability to develop, implement, and flexibly maintain planned behaviour in order to achieve one's goals. Self-regulation has become a relatively well-researched area in the field of psychology and pedagogy. However, empirically valid and reliable instrument is still missing across European context. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-CZ) among adult learners from Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SRQ-CZ validated in the Czech educational context in a multi-cultural sample.

Methods: A total of 1711 adult learners from European countries including Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic completed the SRQ-CZ. The first step to reviewing the validity of the SRQ-CZ included testing face validity. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on half the sample and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the other half. Measurement invariance was conducted across gender, age, and country followed by the evaluation of the reliability of the final instrument.

Results: EFA showed that a three-factor structure best fit the data. The originally proposed Impulse Control and Self-Direction are merged into one distinct factor, while Decision Making and Goal Orientation comprise the other two. Goodness-of-fit statistics yielded from CFA showed a good fit for the model, introducing a reliable and measurement invariant instrument.

Conclusion: The present study used a diverse multi-cultural sample to explore the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the SRQ-CZ. A three-factor model was obtained as the result of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Further analysis aiming at measurement invariance, comparing the sample according to gender, age, and country, led to satisfactory results. The only exception was a lack of model fit in the case of Serbia. Although further psychometric evaluation of the SRQ-CZ is still needed, the presented results constitute significant findings, confirming instrument validity and utility as a measure of generalized self-regulation capacity across adult learners in European educational context.

背景:人类最重要的品质之一是发展、实施和灵活保持计划行为以实现目标的能力。在心理学和教育学领域,自我调节已经成为一个研究比较深入的领域。然而,在整个欧洲范围内,仍然缺乏经验上有效和可靠的工具。本研究的主要目的是分析来自波兰、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克和捷克共和国的成人学习者的捷克版自我调节问卷(SRQ-CZ)的心理测量特征。目的:本研究的目的是在多元文化样本中检验在捷克教育背景下验证的SRQ-CZ的因素结构和心理测量特性。方法:对来自波兰、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、捷克等欧洲国家的1711名成人学习者进行问卷调查。检验SRQ-CZ效度的第一步是面效度测试。此外,对一半样本进行探索性因子分析(EFA),对另一半样本进行验证性因子分析(CFA)。测量不变性是在性别、年龄和国家之间进行的,随后评估了最终仪器的可靠性。结果:EFA显示三因素结构最符合数据。最初提出的冲动控制和自我导向合并为一个独立的因素,而决策和目标导向则由另外两个因素组成。从CFA得出的拟合优度统计显示模型拟合良好,引入了可靠和测量不变的工具。结论:本研究采用多元文化样本来探讨SRQ-CZ的因子结构和心理测量学特征。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,得到了一个三因素模型。针对测量不变性的进一步分析,根据性别、年龄和国家对样本进行比较,得出了令人满意的结果。唯一的例外是塞尔维亚缺乏模式契合性。虽然SRQ-CZ还需要进一步的心理测量评估,但本文的结果构成了重要的发现,证实了工具的有效性和实用性,可以作为欧洲教育背景下成人学习者广义自我调节能力的衡量标准。
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引用次数: 1
Cognitive and psychological factors associated with severe insomnia in Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study. 认知和心理因素与巴西女性严重失眠相关:一项横断面研究。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00243-x
Renatha El Rafihi-Ferreira, Marwin Machay Indio do Brasil do Carmo, Lucas Bassolli, Rosa Hasan, Isabela Mayumi Nishino Aizawa, Andrea Cecilia Toscanini

Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in women. Sociodemographic, cognitive, and psychological factors may contribute to its severity. This study evaluated factors associated with severe insomnia in women with insomnia complaints. We evaluated 530 women aged 18-59 (mean = 40.5, SD = 10.2), who experienced insomnia complaints, using self-report instruments. Severe insomnia was defined as a score above 21 on the Insomnia Severity Index. Age, marital status, educational level, depression and anxiety, psychological inflexibility, and beliefs about sleep were assessed as potential factors associated with severe insomnia. Simple and multivariate analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression. Low education level (odds ratio; OR = 1.85 [1.27-2.69]), depression (OR = 2.17 [1.27-3.81]), psychological inflexibility (OR = 1.05 [1.02-1.08]), and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (OR = 1.04 [1.02-1.06]) were factors associated with severe insomnia scores in the multiple logistic regression model. These findings are important from a public health perspective, because behavioral strategies designed to treat insomnia with a focus on cognitive and psychological factors are low-cost treatments and may help improve sleep quality in women, which also influences mental health.

失眠是女性中最常见的睡眠障碍。社会人口学、认知和心理因素可能导致其严重程度。本研究评估了有失眠主诉的女性严重失眠的相关因素。我们评估了530名18-59岁的女性(平均40.5,SD = 10.2),她们有失眠的抱怨,使用自我报告工具。严重失眠症的定义是失眠症严重程度指数超过21分。年龄、婚姻状况、教育水平、抑郁和焦虑、心理不灵活以及对睡眠的信念被评估为与严重失眠相关的潜在因素。采用二元逻辑回归进行简单分析和多变量分析。教育程度低(优势比;在多元logistic回归模型中,OR = 1.85[1.27-2.69])、抑郁(OR = 2.17[1.27-3.81])、心理不灵活(OR = 1.05[1.02-1.08])和对睡眠的不正常信念(OR = 1.04[1.02-1.06])是严重失眠评分的相关因素。从公共卫生的角度来看,这些发现很重要,因为以认知和心理因素为重点的治疗失眠症的行为策略是低成本的治疗方法,可能有助于改善女性的睡眠质量,这也会影响心理健康。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation of the Turkish version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale (TR-OCS): its association with psychological distress and resilience. 土耳其版COVID-19强迫症量表(TR-OCS)的改编:与心理困扰和恢复力的关系
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00242-y
Aslı Kartol, Osman Söner

The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the physical and mental health of individuals. Measures required to prevent the spread of the virus, such as isolation, hygiene, mask use, and lockdown, led individuals to develop obsessive thoughts and behaviors. This study aims to adapt the obsession with COVID-19 scale (OCS) to Turkish culture. This four-item scale aims at measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19. The study group consisted of 870 participants from seven regions of Turkey. Data from different groups were collected for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Data for the exploratory factor analysis were collected from 296 (71.5%) females and 118 (28.5%) males (n = 414). For the confirmatory factor analysis, data were collected from 301 (66.0%) females and 155 (34.0%) males (n = 456). As a result of the analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the TR-OCS was confirmed in the Turkish sample. It was revealed that TR-OCS scores had a positive relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress but a negative relationship with resilience. The findings confirmed that the TR-OCS was valid and reliable. This scale is a short and effective tool for measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19.

2019冠状病毒病大流行对个人身心健康造成不利影响。防止病毒传播所需的措施,如隔离、卫生、戴口罩和封锁,导致个人产生强迫性的想法和行为。本研究旨在使对COVID-19量表(OCS)的痴迷适应土耳其文化。这个四项量表旨在测量与COVID-19相关的强迫思维。该研究小组由来自土耳其七个地区的870名参与者组成。收集不同组的数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析。探索性因素分析的数据来自296名(71.5%)女性和118名(28.5%)男性(n = 414)。为验证性因子分析,收集了301名(66.0%)女性和155名(34.0%)男性(n = 456)的数据。分析结果表明,土耳其样品中TR-OCS的一维结构得到了证实。结果表明,TR-OCS得分与抑郁、焦虑、压力呈显著正相关,与心理弹性呈显著负相关。结果证实了TR-OCS的有效性和可靠性。这个量表是一个简短而有效的工具,用于测量与COVID-19相关的强迫思维。
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引用次数: 0
Mutually exclusive disorder-dependent hearing discomfort in first-episode psychosis and panic disorder: two experiments using the same auditory stimulus set and two similar musical sequences. 首发精神病和惊恐障碍的互斥障碍依赖性听力不适:两个实验使用相同的听觉刺激集和两个相似的音乐序列。
IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-022-00239-7
Maria Lúcia de Bustamante Simas, Tamires Lima da Silva, Naianna Ribeiro Mocelin Dos Santos, Aline Mendes Lacerda

We investigated the level of hearing tolerance in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and panic disorder (PD) as compared to two different groups of healthy controls (HC, HC2), one for each experiment, because we used two distinct psychophysical paradigms. We evaluated auditory discomfort of 28 volunteers (14 with FEP and 14 HC) in the first study and of 42 volunteers (21 with PD and 21 HC2) in the second study. We presented 20 sounds: 16 pure-tone frequency sweeps (specially designed for use with FEP) and 11 s or 13 s musical sequences from the very beginning of the music "Play the Game" (PLAY) from Queen and its reverses. The first procedure used a Likert-like 0-10 scale ranging from "nothing bad" to "too bad" where volunteers made vertical marks along a horizontal line according to their discomfort. The second procedure involved subjective magnitude estimation online due to the SARS-COV-19 pandemic. Sounds were placed online and played by PD and HC2 volunteers themselves after having listened to the standard (the first 8 s from RADIO, "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen). Then, PD and HC2 volunteers were asked to assign values equal to, or multiples of 10 that felt like, or proportional to, their hearing "discomfort" in comparison with Sound 00 (RADIO). Our findings showed that FEP volunteers assign more discomfort to the 16 specially designed frequency sweep stimuli that appear not to affect HC, HC2, and PD. On the other hand, musical sequences from PLAY caused strong discomfort to PD in the reverse mode, but did not seem to affect HC, HC2, and FEP. Further experiments using the exact same paradigm with FEP and PD are needed to explore these findings.

我们研究了首发精神病(FEP)和惊恐障碍(PD)患者的听力耐受水平,并将其与两组不同的健康对照组(HC, HC2)进行比较,因为我们使用了两种不同的心理物理范式。我们在第一项研究中评估了28名志愿者(14名FEP和14名HC)的听觉不适,在第二项研究中评估了42名志愿者(21名PD和21名HC2)的听觉不适。我们展示了20个声音:16个纯音频率扫描(专门为使用FEP而设计)和11秒或13秒的音乐序列,从皇后乐队的音乐“Play the Game”(Play)开始及其反转。第一个程序使用李克特式的0-10级量表,从“没什么不好”到“太糟糕了”,志愿者根据他们的不适程度在水平线上做垂直标记。第二个程序涉及由于SARS-COV-19大流行而进行的在线主观量级估计。PD和HC2志愿者在听了标准后,将声音放在网上播放(来自RADIO的前8秒,皇后乐队的“RADIO Ga Ga”)。然后,PD和HC2的志愿者被要求给出与声音00 (RADIO)相比,他们感觉听力“不舒服”的值等于10或10的倍数,或与之成比例。我们的研究结果表明,FEP志愿者将更多的不适分配给16种特别设计的频率扫描刺激,这些刺激似乎不会影响HC, HC2和PD。另一方面,来自PLAY的音乐序列在相反的模式下对PD造成强烈的不适,但似乎对HC, HC2和FEP没有影响。需要使用完全相同的FEP和PD范式进行进一步的实验来探索这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica
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