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The Pacific in Transition: 50 Years on 转型中的太平洋50 年后
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12432
Glenn Banks, John Overton

The islands of the Pacific Ocean have been the subject of much study with regard to change and transformation. Current concerns with the effects climate change have not always been central and other discourses, such as development and progress, social change and decolonisation have interested the work of social scientists over several decades. Furthermore, until recently such research has been mainly carried out by individuals and institutions from outside the region. In this paper, we revisit a series of intensive fieldwork-based studies conducted over 50 years ago out of the Australian National University and included in a book The Pacific in Transition edited by Harold Brookfield. We focus on three authors in this collection (Diana Howlett, William Clarke and Isireli Lasaqa). These, we argue, contained important and sometimes prescient insights into not only some of the fundamental processes of change in the region but also the limits of the dominant theoretical paradigms of the time. In addition, they also provide valuable lessons for the present day ways we conceive, study and interpret change in Oceania, as well as the need to foreground the agency, knowledges and realities of Pacific island people.

在变化和转变方面,太平洋岛屿一直是许多研究的主题。当前对气候变化影响的关注并不总是处于中心地位,而其他话语,如发展与进步、社会变革和非殖民化,几十年来一直是社会科学家工作的兴趣所在。此外,直到最近,这种研究主要是由区域以外的个人和机构进行的。在本文中,我们回顾了50多年前由澳大利亚国立大学进行的一系列基于实地工作的深入研究,这些研究包括在Harold Brookfield编辑的《转型中的太平洋》一书中。我们将重点介绍这本合集中的三位作者(戴安娜·豪利特、威廉·克拉克和伊斯莱利·拉萨卡)。我们认为,这些理论不仅对该地区的一些基本变化过程,而且对当时占主导地位的理论范式的局限性,都包含了重要的、有时是有先见之明的见解。此外,它们还为我们今天设想、研究和解释大洋洲变化的方式以及突出太平洋岛屿人民的能动性、知识和现实的必要性提供了宝贵的经验。
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引用次数: 0
From side-work to main task: Housing, status, and Tibetan labour migration in Qinghai, China 从副业到主业:中国青海的住房、身份和藏族劳动力迁移
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12430
Duojie Zhaxi

Across China, as in other parts of the world, urbanisation has accelerated at an unprecedented scale over the past 15 years. In farming areas of Qinghai in western China, large-scale rural–urban movement of Tibetan villagers began around 2010 – a time when state-led housing subsidy projects were launched. Drawing on ethnographic field research and focusing on the older cohort of rural Tibetan migrants to Xining, the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau, this article explores the complexities and linkages between state-led housing subsidy projects, status, and Tibetan labour migration. It examines how housing and family status intersect to shape patterns of Tibetan labour migration and gendered divisions of labour. This study highlights an important but less explored factor in migration studies: in my research sites, the recent large-scale Tibetan labour migration to cities has been driven by the desire to build new houses to secure family status as a result of the motives and social pressure created by state-led housing subsidy projects.

与世界其他地区一样,在过去的15年里,中国的城市化以前所未有的速度加速。在中国西部的青海省农业地区,大规模的藏族村民从农村向城市迁移始于2010年左右,当时国家主导的住房补贴项目启动。本文借鉴民族志领域的研究,以西藏高原上最大的城市西宁的老年藏族农村移民为研究对象,探讨了国家主导的住房补贴项目、身份和藏族劳动力迁移之间的复杂性和联系。它考察了住房和家庭地位如何相互交织,形成了西藏劳动力迁移和性别分工的模式。这项研究强调了迁移研究中一个重要但较少被探索的因素:在我的研究地点,最近大规模的西藏劳动力迁移到城市,是由国家主导的住房补贴项目所产生的动机和社会压力所驱动的,他们希望建造新的住房,以确保家庭地位。
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引用次数: 0
Diverse methodologies of care: Thinking with and practising (soil) in situated, affective and enactive ways 多样化的护理方法:以情境、情感和主动的方式思考和实践(土壤)
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12429
Emma L. Sharp, Kenzi Yee, Leane Makey, Karen Fisher

This research article outlines a provocation for diverse and experimentally open, situated approaches to exploring care and caring. The diversely positioned authors discuss this idea using the subject of soil, in the place and context of Aotearoa New Zealand. Little is known about the diversity of ways that everyday people value, or, have caring relationships for/with soil, among a plethora of research that positions soil ‘care’ around, for example, commercial food production, waste-sinking, or property land value. To study diverse care in relation to soil, as with many relational subjects, requires equivalent diversity in the ways in which we might explore it. Here we outline the basis for diverse, situated methodologies that necessarily lead to a diversity of methods. This paper looks at the methodological imperatives that lead to exploring care, and discusses a variety of methods that generate different forms of ‘data’ with different forms of representation of that care. We observe that to holistically observe care relations with soil requires a diversity of methodologies, inherently ontological and epistemological – worldmaking. We discuss situated and enactive, affective approaches of Kaupapa Māori enquiry, monitoring and arts-based approaches to ‘measure’ soil care taking place, in place, and contextualise this with our own author positionality. We discuss this suite of experimental, reflexive, affective and responsive ways to measure soil care that are contingent on that being cared about, for, with and by, and which reciprocally give care.

这篇研究文章概述了对探索关怀和关怀的多样化和实验开放的挑衅。不同位置的作者在新西兰奥特罗阿的地方和背景下,用土壤这个主题来讨论这个想法。在大量将土壤“关怀”定位于商业粮食生产、废物处理或财产土地价值等方面的研究中,人们对日常生活中重视土壤或与土壤建立关爱关系的方式的多样性知之甚少。要研究与土壤有关的多样化护理,就像研究许多相关主题一样,需要我们探索土壤的方式具有同等的多样性。在这里,我们概述了多样化的基础,定位的方法,必然导致多样性的方法。本文着眼于导致探索护理的方法必要性,并讨论了各种方法,这些方法产生不同形式的“数据”,并以不同形式表示该护理。我们观察到,要全面观察与土壤的护理关系需要多种方法,固有的本体论和认识论-世界制造。我们讨论了考帕帕Māori调查、监测和基于艺术的方法,以“测量”正在发生的土壤护理,并将其与我们自己的作者立场联系起来。我们讨论了这一套实验性的、自反性的、情感的和反应性的方法来衡量土壤护理,这些方法取决于被关心的、被关心的、被关心的和被关心的,并且它们相互给予照顾。
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引用次数: 0
When the ‘inclusive turn’ fuels the entrepreneurial city: Critical perspectives from Singapore 当“包容性转向”推动创业城市:来自新加坡的批判性观点
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12428
Marie Gibert-Flutre, Sarah Cosatto

The rise of the notion of ‘inclusion’ in urban planning, seen in phrases like inclusive city, calls for a critical analysis of its evolving meaning and its spatial, social and political implications. Paradoxically, the meaning of urban inclusion has narrowed such that it now primarily refers to accessibility for people with disabilities. At the intersection of urban studies and critical disability studies, our article investigates the conceptions, criteria and modes of production underlying the implementation of urban inclusion in Singapore's ‘Enabling Village’, a purportedly inclusive space opened in 2015. We use a mixed-methods approach, analysing official narratives and conducting site visits to understand the site as both an appropriated and a branded space. We show that, in Singapore, the inclusion agenda interacts with the city-state's distinctive approach to planning and governance, where social issues are ‘engineered’ and give rise to replicable operational models. Our hypothesis is that implementing the inclusive city through the production and promotion of ‘inclusive’ urban projects such as the Enabling Village fuels the expansion of Singapore as a state-led ‘entrepreneurial city’ (Harvey, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 1989; 71(1):3–17). In particular, operationalising ‘urban inclusion’ in this way allows for the reinvention of Singapore as a global urban model.

“包容性”概念在城市规划中的兴起,如“包容性城市”等短语,要求对其不断演变的含义及其空间、社会和政治影响进行批判性分析。矛盾的是,城市包容性的含义已经缩小,现在主要是指残疾人的无障碍。在城市研究和批判性残疾研究的交叉点上,我们的文章调查了新加坡“赋能村”实施城市包容性的概念、标准和生产模式,这是一个据称于2015年开放的包容性空间。我们采用混合方法,分析官方叙述并进行实地考察,以了解该场地既是一个专用空间,也是一个品牌空间。我们表明,在新加坡,包容性议程与城市国家独特的规划和治理方法相互作用,其中社会问题被“设计”并产生可复制的操作模式。我们的假设是,通过生产和推广“包容性”城市项目(如Enabling Village)来实施包容性城市,可以推动新加坡作为国家主导的“创业城市”的扩张(Harvey, Geografiska Annaler)。1989年人文地理B辑;71(1): 3 - 17)。特别是,以这种方式实施“城市包容性”,可以将新加坡重塑为全球城市模式。
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引用次数: 0
Migrant placemaking as a response to governing through mobility-making: An ethnic enclave and a digital community in South Korea 移民场所营造:对通过流动性营造治理的回应:韩国的民族飞地和数字社区
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12427
HaeRan Shin, Cassandra Gutierrez

This paper examines migrant placemaking in South Korea as a proactive response to governing power that works through making (im)mobilities. Unlike previous discussions that have viewed migrants' empowerment in political activities and identity-related in a particular type of enclaves, this study sees migrant placemaking as a proactive response to governing through mobilities and comprehensively embraces various types of placemaking in South Korea. Based on mix-up of various qualitative research methods, this study documents the migrant placemaking practices over time of two representative and quite different migrant groups: Chosǒnjok's enclave in Kuro-Taerim area of Seoul and Latin Americans' digital communities. The former represents a big migrant group's physical and discursive migrant placemaking. Chosǒnjok migrants struggled with their stigmatised images and mistrust towards both China and Korea. The latter represents a small migrant group's digital placemaking. Latin American migrants were left without much knowledge about and recognition from the Korean society. We demonstrate how in seeking a community for themselves they adapt their environment, thereby empowering themselves. In demonstrating the interrelation of migrant placemaking and governing power, this study contributes to the understanding of the circuits of power, mobility and place in the case of migrants in South Korea.

本文考察了韩国的移民场所营造作为一种对治理权力的积极回应,这种权力通过制造(非)流动而起作用。与以往讨论移民在特定类型飞地的政治活动和身份相关方面的赋权不同,本研究将移民场所营造视为对通过流动进行治理的积极回应,并全面涵盖了韩国各种类型的场所营造。基于各种定性研究方法的混合,本研究记录了两个具有代表性且截然不同的移民群体的移民场所创造实践:Chosǒnjok在首尔kurotaerim地区的飞地和拉丁美洲的数字社区。前者代表了一个庞大的移民群体的物质和话语的移民场所创造。Chosǒnjok移民们挣扎于他们被污名化的形象和对中国和韩国的不信任。后者代表了一个小移民群体的数字场所创造。拉美移民对韩国社会缺乏了解和认可。我们展示了他们如何为自己寻求一个社区,从而适应他们的环境,从而赋予自己权力。本研究通过展示移民地方建构与统治权力的相互关系,有助于理解韩国移民的权力、流动性和地方的循环。
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引用次数: 0
Germany's evolving role in global affairs: Positioning as a middle power in the Indo-Pacific region 德国在全球事务中的角色演变:定位为印度太平洋地区的中等大国
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12425
Jens-Uwe Wunderlich, Chih-Mei Luo

In 2020 Germany released its Indo-Pacific guidelines in response to global shifts and escalating Sino-US rivalries in the region. This article scrutinises Germany's ambitions and stance in the Indo-Pacific, utilising the middle power concept as an analytical tool. It argues that Germany's Indo-Pacific strategy is broadly in line with its wider foreign policy approach rather than marking a radical shift. Divided into three sections, the article explores middle power theories, Germany's foreign policy approach and Germany's Indo-Pacific tilt. Assessing Germany's progress in the Indo-Pacific, the paper employs a middle power framework based on capabilities, identity and engagement. We argue that Germany seems intent on positioning itself as a civilian middle power, evident in its deeply engrained norms determining identity and guiding engagement. The article uses a qualitative approach, drawing from primary material such as official statements of German policymakers and policy documents, supplemented by secondary sources covering the literature on middle power dynamics, the Indo-Pacific region and Germany's foreign policy. Employing thematic documentary analysis, the paper identifies recurring patterns and trends in Germany's evolving role in the Indo-Pacific.

2020年,德国发布了《印度-太平洋指导方针》,以应对全球变化和中美在该地区不断升级的竞争。本文以“中等强国”概念为分析工具,对德国在印太地区的野心和立场进行了详细分析。它认为,德国的印太战略与其更广泛的外交政策方针大致一致,而不是标志着一种激进的转变。本文分为三个部分,探讨了中等大国理论、德国的外交政策方针和德国的印太倾向。在评估德国在印太地区的进展时,白皮书采用了一个基于能力、身份和参与的中等大国框架。我们认为,德国似乎有意将自己定位为一个平民中等大国,这一点在其决定身份和指导参与的根深蒂固的规范中显而易见。本文采用定性方法,从德国政策制定者的官方声明和政策文件等主要材料中提取,辅以次要资料,包括中等大国动态、印度太平洋地区和德国外交政策的文献。本文采用专题文献分析,确定了德国在印度-太平洋地区不断演变的角色的反复出现的模式和趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond environmental determinism? Analysing studies on environmental migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta Region 超越环境决定论?大湄公河次区域和恒河-雅鲁藏布江三角洲地区环境移民分析研究
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12426
Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak, Yi-Ya Hsu, Li-San Hung

Current studies often present environmental and climate migration in three ways: in an environmentally deterministic way, as an adaptation strategy or as a ‘wicked’ phenomenon. This bibliometric and thematic analysis analysed 147 studies from January 2015 until August 2020 on environmental migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion and the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta Region (India and Bangladesh) to determine to what extent dominant discourses on environmental migration and mobilities have moved away from environmental determinism. Results of this study suggest that most analysed studies, which clearly framed environmental migration, tend to remain rather environmentally deterministic. Further, the spatial level of analysis in the studies, whether it was local or non-local, did not correspond to different theoretical and conceptual approaches to environmental migration. While 17.0% of the studies presented environmental migration as a form of adaptation, relevant discussions on the concepts of resilience, vulnerability and adaptation were largely lacking. This is problematic as recent global studies on environmental migration are increasingly adopting the adaptation paradigm. Additionally, relatively few studies have adopted more critical or pluralistic approaches to human mobility, climate change and adaptation. Lastly, studies on Bangladesh were more often presenting climate change as a primary driver of migration than studies in other localities within the study region.

目前的研究通常以三种方式呈现环境和气候移民:以环境确定性的方式,作为一种适应策略或作为一种“邪恶”现象。这项文献计量学和专题分析分析了2015年1月至2020年8月期间大湄公河次区域和恒河-雅鲁藏布江三角洲地区(印度和孟加拉国)环境移民的147项研究,以确定有关环境移民和流动的主流话语在多大程度上偏离了环境决定论。这项研究的结果表明,大多数分析过的研究,虽然清楚地描述了环境移民,但往往仍然是环境决定性的。此外,研究中的空间分析水平,无论是本地还是非本地,都不符合不同的理论和概念方法。虽然17.0%的研究将环境迁移作为一种适应形式,但在很大程度上缺乏对复原力、脆弱性和适应概念的相关讨论。这是一个问题,因为最近关于环境移民的全球研究越来越多地采用适应范式。此外,相对较少的研究对人类流动、气候变化和适应采取了更为批判性或多元化的方法。最后,与研究区域内其他地区的研究相比,对孟加拉国的研究更多地将气候变化视为移民的主要驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
Vakumuni vuku ni vanua (gathering the wisdom of the land): An Indigenous fieldwork research methodology in Fiji Vakumuni vuku ni vanua(收集土地的智慧):斐济土著实地调查方法
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12424
Maiono Jekope Ramala, Diane Ruwhiu

One of the persistent challenges for researchers engaging with Indigenous communities is ensuring they communicate with the right individuals to obtain the right information. In this article, I advocate for the use of Vakumuni vuku ni vanua (gathering wisdom of the land), incorporating the 3D veivosaki (meaningful conversation) and Butu vanua (transcendence walk). These methods present culturally appropriate techniques for fieldwork research in Fiji. This strategic integration aims to streamline the collection of relevant data, recognising the essential role Indigenous knowledge holders serve as guardians of the knowledge being explored. By adopting this thoughtful approach, the knowledge-gathering process honours the independence and esteem of Indigenous communities. These innovative methods are deeply rooted in Indigenous values like veiwekani (relationship), veinanumi (reciprocity) and veimaroroi (stewardship), which hold significant importance for Indigenous people.

与土著社区接触的研究人员面临的持续挑战之一是确保他们与正确的个人沟通以获得正确的信息。在这篇文章中,我提倡使用Vakumuni vuku ni vanua(收集土地的智慧),结合3D veivosaki(有意义的对话)和Butu vanua(超越行走)。这些方法为斐济的实地调查提供了适合当地文化的技术。这种战略整合旨在简化相关数据的收集,认识到土著知识持有者作为正在探索的知识的守护者所发挥的重要作用。通过采取这种深思熟虑的方法,知识收集过程尊重土著社区的独立和尊重。这些创新的方法深深植根于土著价值观,如veiwekani(关系)、veinanumi(互惠)和veimaroroi(管理),这些价值观对土著人民具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Macaology: A construct of a socio-psychological self-essentialist view of the world Macaology:社会心理学自我本质主义世界观的建构
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12419
Shiufai Wong, Cristina Osswald
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引用次数: 0
Spiritual and environmental well-being: Factors supporting adaptation of Pacific peoples during pandemic times 精神和环境福祉:支持太平洋人民在大流行病时期适应的因素
IF 1.8 3区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/apv.12423
Regina Scheyvens, Apisalome Movono, Jessie Auckram, Leilani Faaiuaso

Most Western models of well-being focus only on social, mental, financial and physical well-being. Collecting data on how tourism-dependent communities in the South Pacific had adapted to the dramatic impacts of the pandemic, we became aware of the significance of spiritual and environmental dimensions of well-being. We also identified several Pacific well-being models that incorporate these dimensions. This article thus examines how COVID-19 lockdowns influenced the spiritual and environmental well-being of Pacific peoples living in tourism-dependent areas. It demonstrates that many people were able to adapt well despite dramatic changes in their financial situation and restrictions on their mobility. They often showed deep appreciation about having more time for religious practices and to care for others in their communities, and they enjoyed working more with nature, on the land or in the ocean, and looking after the environment. We conclude that if the tourism industry can rebuild in ways that support spiritual and environmental well-being, this could mean tourism will be appreciated more by resident communities as something which compliments – rather than competes with – their culture and way of life.

大多数西方的幸福模型只关注社会、精神、经济和身体上的幸福。在收集有关南太平洋依赖旅游业的社区如何适应大流行病的巨大影响的数据时,我们意识到福祉的精神和环境层面的重要性。我们还确定了几个包含这些维度的太平洋福祉模型。因此,本文探讨了COVID-19封锁如何影响生活在依赖旅游业地区的太平洋人民的精神和环境福祉。这表明,许多人能够很好地适应,尽管他们的财务状况发生了巨大变化,他们的行动受到限制。他们通常对有更多时间从事宗教活动和关心社区中的其他人表示深深的感激,他们喜欢在陆地或海洋上更多地与大自然接触,并保护环境。我们的结论是,如果旅游业能够以支持精神和环境福祉的方式重建,这可能意味着居民社区将更多地欣赏旅游业,因为它是对他们的文化和生活方式的赞美,而不是与之竞争。
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引用次数: 0
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Asia Pacific Viewpoint
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