Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献_第2页

Examining the relationship between leisure constraints and quality of life: A case of hikers in Ningbo, China

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100854

Bin Zhou , Minchen Huang , Luting Wang , Erwei Dong , Yuchen Zhu

The impact of leisure on quality of life (QOL) has garnered increasing scholarly attention from the public health perspective. However, as a key concept within leisure studies, leisure constraint's impact on QOL remained unstudied, especially from the perspective of hiking in non-Western developed countries. Although past qualitative studies indicated that leisure constraints might lead to poorer QOL, empirical evidence is lacking. Thus, to fill in this research gap, we collected 606 useable questionnaires from hikers on the North Hills' Trail in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. We empirically examined the relationship between leisure constraint, plus hiker's demographic variables and QOL. The results revealed that: (1) Intrapersonal constraint significantly predicted physical health; Environmental and facilities constraint significantly predicted environmental health; Interpersonal constraint significantly predicted all QOL dimensions (e.g., psychological health, environmental health, social relationship health, and physical health); Accessibility constraint significantly predicted psychological health; Time constraint significantly predicted social relationships health; (2) Among demographic variables, income significantly predicted psychological health, environmental health, social relationships health, and physical health. Both age and number of children are significant predictors of physical health. We offered new insight into hikers' constraint factors from the perspective of non-Western developed countries, provided empirical evidence to fill the research gap about leisure constraint and QOL, and further enriched existing research about leisure, QOL and hiking.

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引用次数: 0

Understanding hikers’ injury-risk behavior: Self-categorization processes and self-presentational tactics

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100850

Vista L. Beasley , Shanda D. Lauer , Eleanor Pell , Mario S. Fontana

Hikers experience physical and psychological benefits but also incur injury. In this mixed-methods study, the relevance of self-categorization theoretical constructs (e.g., group norms, normative pressure) to hikers’ injury-risk behavior are explored via quantitative and qualitative analyses. Appalachian Trail thru-hikers (N = 329; n = 85 women) completed an online survey. They indicated whether they engaged in deliberate risk-taking (i.e., taking a riskier route consisting of a climb up a steep rock face, risking injury if they fell) or precautionary behavior (i.e., taking a less-risky route down a seemingly-flat path) and gave reasons for doing so. Frequencies revealed that 82.7% of participants took the riskier route; per a t-test, hikers who took the less-risky route used significantly (p < .01, d = .60) more words in their reasons. Therefore, deliberate risk-taking represented a behavioral norm because 1) a behavior enacted by the majority of social identity group members tends to reflect group-sanctioned norms, and 2) those who do not engage in the behavioral norm tend to use more embellishment (i.e., more words) to defend their deviation. A latent content analysis of reasons identified six group norms (e.g., morality, status) relevant to taking the riskier route and six (e.g., practicality, non-conformity) that were asserted by those who took the less-risky route. Per two themes, hierarchical self-categorizations informed injury-risk behaviors, and social creativity countered normative pressure to engage in deliberate risk-taking. This research provides evidence that injury-prevention interventions for hikers may address theory-based group factors rather than individual risk factors.

Management implications

This mixed-methods study provides recreational professionals who support long-distance hikers with an understanding of group norms that influence hikers’ decisions to engage in behaviors that lead to injuries. This can inform injury-prevention efforts to:

1.
target groups rather than individual hikers
2.
be administered where group identity is relevant (e.g., posting information at trail kiosks and shelters rather than online)
3.
incorporate group norms associated with less risk of injury (e.g., intelligence, non-conformity) and use of safer trail routes
4.
alter signage at injury-risk locations, and
5.
involve prominent members of hiking communities (e.g., successful thru-hikers).

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of participation in scientific activities on marine tourists’ engagement and individual learning outcomes

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100849

Serena Lucrezi , Mike Barron , Antonietta d’Agnessa

The participation of marine tourists in scientific activities or citizen science (CS) has been studied from various angles, to evaluate its benefits to science, management, policy, conservation, and tourism development. One of the main questions arising is whether this activity has positive impacts on participating tourists in the short and long term. This study measured the effects of participation in scientific activities on marine tourists, with an emphasis on relevant expected outcomes including experiential and reflective engagement, and individual learning outcomes. Using a case study of kelp forest monitoring by marine tourists in Cape Town, South Africa, a questionnaire survey was conducted between 2021 and 2022 to assess the short-term impact of participation in scientific activities by marine tourists, namely snorkelers and divers (n = 111). Their perspective was compared with that of tourists engaging in similar activities without a scientific component (n = 100). The results indicated that marine tourists participating in scientific activities were more reflectively engaged compared with regular tourists. Individual learning outcomes including interest; content, process and nature of science knowledge; and behaviour and stewardship were also more heightened for this group. This study confirms that participation in scientific activities has positive effects on marine tourists, but also suggests that tourists not yet participating in these activities can be fertile ground for recruitment in tourist programmes revolving around science and research with multiple potential benefits.

Mamagement implications

This study shows how CS based on simple tasks can effectively engage marine tourists and pique their interest in CS. This introduction can result in a further commitment to more complex CS projects which can be offered to tourists. Organisations and businesses engaging marine tourists through CS should consider the relevance of direct contact with nature and enjoyable, immersive experiences that can make CS impactful. The design of CS programmes for marine tourists should incentivise/reward participation and create a sense of inclusion in the scientific process through an open dialogue and feedback, to legitimise CS and make the experience more authentic.

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引用次数: 0

Research note: Protected area labels as brands in tourism

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100851

Julius Arnegger , Bernd Eisenstein , Hubert Job , Manuel Woltering

We assess the brand strength of the main large-scale protected area (PA) categories in Germany based on the marketing funnel logic. It has long been argued in the literature that PAs, in general, can be strong regional brands in tourism, but that different PA categories may have a stronger or weaker brand identity. For example, it is often claimed that the national park label is the most well-known worldwide, and hence the most attractive as a tourist brand. However, the difference in brand strength has so far not been systematically assessed with nationally representative studies. Our research note addresses this gap, relying on a representative panel survey (N = 3,192) for Germany. We find that national parks are indeed the strongest brand, and that nature parks, despite being often described as a rather weak protection category, come second. On the other hand, biosphere reserves, although characterized as the most modern approach to area conservation, have a much more diffuse image. Implications point to the need for a stronger focus on differences between PA categories in communication and marketing.

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引用次数: 0

Tourists’ perceptions of proximity tourism: Insights from sentiment analysis and fsQCA

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100848

Boyu Lin , Yunxuan Carrie Zhang , Woojin Lee

Since COVID-19, proximity tourism has gained popularity as the natural environment plays a critical role in mitigating psychological issues via restorative effects. Grounded in restorative environment theory, this study examines tourists' perceptions of proximal nature-based tourism by integrating sentiment analysis with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Study 1 explored tourists’ attitudes toward the values of a nearby natural park, Saguaro National Park, through 14,906 Instagram posts. Among aesthetic, recreational, emotional, social, and educational values, the sentiment analysis revealed that emotional value scored the highest in visiting satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 357) utilized fsQCA to identify four valuation configurations that affect subjective well-being, consistently highlighting emotional value as a critical factor. These findings underscore the significant role of emotional value in proximity tourism. This study is among the first to integrate sentiment analysis with fsQCA in tourism literature, emphasizing methodological innovation. The results also suggest actionable strategies for multiple tourism stakeholders to enhance natural area management and promote proximity tourism.

Management implications

This study identified emotional value receives the highest score for visiting satisfaction and is a necessary condition in all valuation configurations for bolstering well-being. Thus, DMOs should highlight the distinctive values of proximal natural areas and effectively showcase the emotional appeal of nearby destinations to unlock the full potential of proximity tourism as a valuable and resilient facet of the broader tourism sector. DMOs also need to foster collaboration and partnerships with local businesses, attraction management teams, and community organizations to protect the environmental elements and facilities in proximal destinations to enrich the overall tourism experience within proximity to residences. Local government agencies as a crucial role in managing and protecting these areas should make regulatory frameworks, enforce environmental laws, and invest in infrastructure for conservation purposes.

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引用次数: 0

The art of making fire-with

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100840

Maxim Vlasov

In this article, I examine the relevance of outdoor adventures in the troubled times of climate catastrophe, mass extinction, and ecological breakdown by attending to human relationship with fire. Informed by post-anthropocentric perspectives found in feminist new materialism and indigenous wisdom, the article reveals how more-than-human agency, care, and reciprocity are manifested in the ancestral skill of making fire by friction. Three relational stories are crafted from my personal experiences with learning the bow drill method of friction fire during a year-long course on ancestral skills. These stories of making fire-with trees, plants, tools, weather, and other human and non-human bodies connect situated experiences from the forest with broader contemporary concerns related to outdoor ethics, technological dependencies of modern outdoor practice, and the conflicting meanings of survival and good life in the Anthropocene. The article contributes with a unique situated account of more-than-human entanglements involved in fire making, along with the ontological and ethico-political possibilities that learning this ancestral skill may present for imagining deep ecological transformations through outdoor adventures. Instead of an archaic reminder of human mastery over nature or an outdated guilty pleasure, fire emerges as a non-human teacher, companion, and a caring host who provides spaces to come together and experiment with more relational ways of living as well as possible in multispecies worlds.

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引用次数: 0

Recreation ‘home range’: Motivations and use of green spaces along an urban—peri-urban continuum 休闲活动的“主场范围”：沿着城市-城市边缘连续体的绿色空间的动机和使用

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100838

B. Junker-Köhler , V. Gundersen , K.M. Bærum , D.N. Barton

The attractiveness of urban forests for people is complex, influenced by culture, social norms, and individual characteristics. The main factors include the occurrence and nature of accessibility (far-near), the availability of facilities (less-more), and the level of naturalness (less-more) in the landscapes. Urban areas most used for recreation, as streets and parks, are often those areas that are most developed by infrastructure and constructions. There seems to be a gap between stated preference, intentions and actual behaviour for recreation in an urban setting. In this study we aim to investigate the motivations for and actual use of six defined green space classes along the urban-peri-urban continuum, and how socio-demographic factors varied along this spectrum. We tested this by means of representative web-survey of the city of Oslo population (N = 1003), Norway. Recreational use frequency was highest in the inner-city built zone. The results confirm earlier research that socio-demographic variables vary along the urban-peri-urban continuum. That variation does not stop at the city's edge but extends into a gradient within the built zone. Our results show that many of the same motivations for visiting the inner-city are very similar to those desired by visitors to remote peri-urban natural areas. People's demand for peace and quiet, and escape from everyday routines, work, and stress are important motivations in the inner-city built zone. Our study results support research showing that parks, backcountry and wilderness are relative concepts defining inhabitants' recreational ‘home range’ as a function of their experiences and understanding of these spaces as nature. The findings have implications for recreation valuation and accounting.

城市森林对人们的吸引力是复杂的，受文化、社会规范和个人特征的影响。主要因素包括可达性的发生和性质（远近）、设施的可用性（少-多）和景观的自然程度（少-多）。最常用于娱乐的城市地区，如街道和公园，往往是那些基础设施和建筑最发达的地区。在城市环境中，人们对娱乐的既定偏好、意图和实际行为之间似乎存在差距。在这项研究中，我们的目标是调查城市-城市-城市连续体中六个定义的绿色空间类别的动机和实际使用情况，以及社会人口因素如何沿着这一光谱变化。我们通过对挪威奥斯陆市人口（N = 1003）的代表性网络调查来检验这一点。娱乐使用频率最高的是内城建成区。结果证实了早期的研究，即社会人口变量沿着城市-城市边缘连续体变化。这种变化并没有停留在城市的边缘，而是延伸到建成区域内的梯度。我们的研究结果表明，许多访问市中心的动机与游客访问偏远的城市周边自然区域的动机非常相似。人们对和平与宁静的需求，以及对日常生活、工作和压力的逃避，是内城建成区的重要动机。我们的研究结果支持了一项研究，即公园、边远地区和荒野是相对的概念，定义了居民的休闲“家园范围”，作为他们对这些空间的体验和理解的功能。研究结果对娱乐价值评估和会计具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Dual trust, emotional bond, and tourists’ on-site pro-environmental behavior at nature-based destinations: Extending norm-activation theory from the perspective of social dilemma 双重信任、情感纽带与游客在以自然为基础的旅游目的地的现场亲环境行为：从社会困境的角度扩展规范激活理论

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100839

Qiucheng Li , Yaxin Wang , Wenjun Shan , Jingjing Guan

The sustainable development of tourism is closely tied to the protection and preservation of natural environments, particularly in nature-based destinations where the appeal and competitiveness depend heavily on the quality of environmental resources. Among the various strategies to enhance environmental sustainability, a strong emphasis has been placed on encouraging tourists to engage in spontaneous on-site pro-environmental behavior (PEB). However, tourists' participation in PEB at travel destinations often presents a scenario of social dilemma, where individual interests conflict with collective benefits. This conflict often makes individuals less willing to engage in PEB in the tourism context than they would in their everyday environments. To address this issue, the study advances the norm-activation theory (NAT), a well-established framework in PEB studies, by incorporating trust and emotion—two critical factors in resolving social dilemmas. An integrated model was proposed to better understand and predict the formation of tourists' on-site PEB and was empirically tested on a sample of 544 visitors from three natural parks in Hangzhou, China. The results reveal that (1) the two dimensions of trust—interpersonal trust and outcome trust—have significant effects on the key cognitive variables in NAT, namely ascription of responsibility and awareness of consequence, and (2) the emotional bond developed between tourists and the destination significantly enhances the link between ascription of responsibility and tourists' PEB intentions through the mediation of personal norm. These findings suggest that innovative interactive-based approaches can be implemented to more effectively promote tourists’ on-site PEB, thereby fostering sustainability in nature-based destinations.

旅游业的可持续发展与自然环境的保护和保存密切相关，特别是在以自然为基础的旅游目的地，其吸引力和竞争力在很大程度上取决于环境资源的质量。在加强环境可持续性的各种战略中，鼓励游客自发参与现场亲环境行为（PEB）一直是重点。然而，游客在旅游目的地参与亲环境行为往往会出现个人利益与集体利益相冲突的社会困境。这种冲突往往使个人在旅游环境中参与 PEB 的意愿低于在日常环境中参与 PEB 的意愿。为解决这一问题，本研究推进了规范激活理论（NAT）这一在 PEB 研究中行之有效的框架，将信任和情感这两个解决社会困境的关键因素纳入其中。为了更好地理解和预测游客现场 PEB 的形成，我们提出了一个综合模型，并以中国杭州三个自然公园的 544 名游客为样本进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）信任的两个维度--人际信任和结果信任--对NAT中的关键认知变量（即责任归属和后果意识）有显著影响；（2）游客与目的地之间建立的情感纽带通过个人规范的中介作用显著增强了责任归属与游客PEB意向之间的联系。这些研究结果表明，基于互动的创新方法可以更有效地促进游客的现场 PEB，从而促进以自然为基础的旅游目的地的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating complexities in forest visitation modelling: Intersecting environmental, social, and public health factors during the COVID-19 pandemic 驾驭森林探访建模的复杂性：COVID-19 大流行期间环境、社会和公共卫生因素的相互交织

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100834

Mariusz Ciesielski , Agnieszka Kamińska , Natalia Korcz , Fruzsina Stefán , Zsuzsa Koos , Karolina Taczanowska

<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected human-environment systems, including human leisure behaviour and travel destinations choices. Multiple research studies reported remarkable anomalies in visitation volumes in outdoor recreation and tourism destinations, such as forests. Yet, the large majority of studies focused on the sole effect of the pandemic on visitation numbers, disregarding the dynamic nature of outdoor recreation and tourism, affected also by other determinants. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the influence of various environmental, social and public health factors on visits to forests during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are based upon empirical data collected during long-term visitor monitoring in three forest destinations in Poland. Hourly visitor counts were registered via pyroelectric sensors (Eco-Counter) located along recreational trails between 2020 and 2022. Additionally, national public health and meteorological variables, along with selected indices of Google Mobility Reports were integrated into the final database. Boosted Regression Trees were applied to model forest visitation. The results show significant influence of multiple factors on the magnitude of forest visitation. There are large regional differences in the weight of specific determinants.</div><div>Both seasonal tourism and the seasons had a significant impact on the frequency of public visits to forest areas. As the number of restrictions related to COVID-19 increased, the number of people visiting the forests decreased. Factors such as free time, day length, temperature, stringency index (this index records the strictness of government policies against COVID-19), number of COVID-19 new cases and people mobility in different places influenced forest visitation.</div><div>The outcomes of this study substantially contribute to the ongoing international debate concerning effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor tourism and recreation. It highlights the necessity of integrating social and environmental determinants, next to the indices describing the COVID-19 pandemic, to better understand the complex nature of forest use to be able to take evidence-based decisions related to public health preparedness planning and forest management in future.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Information on the mobility of society in forest areas from long-term monitoring can support forest management and adapt it to the needs of society.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>An increase in the number of people using forest areas can increase society's expectations for the development of forest areas, including the combination of different forest functions.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>In addition to the indices describing the COVID-19 pandemic, social and environmental factors must also be included to better understand the complex nature of forest use in orde

COVID-19 大流行严重影响了人类-环境系统，包括人类的休闲行为和旅游目的地选择。多项研究报告称，森林等户外休闲和旅游目的地的游客量出现了明显的反常现象。然而，绝大多数研究只关注了大流行病对游客数量的影响，而忽视了户外休闲和旅游的动态性质，也受到其他决定因素的影响。因此，我们的研究旨在了解 COVID-19 大流行期间各种环境、社会和公共卫生因素对森林访问量的影响。研究结果基于在波兰三个森林目的地进行长期游客监测时收集到的经验数据。在 2020 年至 2022 年期间，通过位于休闲步道沿线的热释电传感器（Eco-Counter）登记了每小时的游客人数。此外，国家公共卫生和气象变量，以及谷歌移动报告的选定指数也被整合到最终数据库中。应用提升回归树建立森林游览模型。结果表明，多种因素对森林访问量的影响很大。季节性旅游和季节对公众访问林区的频率都有显著影响。随着 COVID-19 相关限制措施的增加，访问森林的人数也随之减少。自由活动时间、昼夜长短、气温、严格指数（该指数记录了政府针对 COVID-19 政策的严格程度）、COVID-19 新病例数量以及不同地方的人员流动性等因素都会影响森林访问量。该研究强调，除了描述 COVID-19 大流行病的指数外，还必须整合社会和环境决定因素，以更好地了解森林使用的复杂性，从而能够在未来的公共卫生防备规划和森林管理中做出以证据为基础的决策。管理意义--通过长期监测获得的有关林区社会流动性的信息可支持森林管理并使其适应社会需求。-除了描述 COVID-19 大流行病的指数外，还必须包括社会和环境因素，以便更好地了解森林使用的复杂性，从而在未来危机情况下做出与公共卫生准备规划和森林管理有关的循证决策。

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引用次数: 0

Walking on sunshine: Application of a choice experiment to understand impacts of climate change on tourism attractions 在阳光下漫步：应用选择实验了解气候变化对旅游景点的影响

IF 3.6 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837

Alice Wanner , Nina Mostegl , Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider

Summer destinations and local attractions in Western European countries are increasingly affected by climate change, predominantly high temperatures and impacts by thunderstorms. In order to assist practitioners, this study investigates the trade-offs visitors make under different expected weather conditions and develops recommendations for adaptation strategies. A survey containing a discrete choice experiment including different types of attractions, accessibility and weather conditions, was conducted (N = 5544). The results show that the impacts of heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and heat as a result of climate change cannot be assessed in a blanket manner. Visitors are less sensitive to high temperatures than to the probability of thunderstorms and cooler temperatures are preferred, especially for outdoor activities. Furthermore, the survey revealed that the majority of respondents would rather travel further (spatial substitution) than change the desired activity (activity substitution).

We expected that steering instruments such as higher parking fees or the enhanced accessibility by public transportation are able to change mobility patterns and enhance mitigation strategies. However. parking fees, meant to influence behavior and enhance the shift from private car to public transportation, showed limited effects. Finally, the results underline that the perceived utility of sustainability certifications remains low, and that certification has a very limited influence on the decision-making process.

西欧国家的夏季旅游胜地和当地景点正日益受到气候变化的影响，主要是高温和雷暴的影响。为了帮助从业人员，本研究调查了游客在不同预期天气条件下的取舍，并提出了适应策略建议。研究进行了一项包含离散选择实验的调查（N = 5544），其中包括不同类型的景点、交通便利程度和天气条件。结果表明，气候变化导致的暴雨、雷暴和高温的影响不能一概而论。游客对高温的敏感度低于对雷雨概率的敏感度，他们更喜欢凉爽的气温，尤其是户外活动。此外，调查显示，大多数受访者宁愿走得更远一些（空间替代），也不愿意改变所希望的活动（活动替代）。我们预计，提高停车费或加强公共交通可达性等引导性手段能够改变流动模式，加强减缓战略。然而，旨在影响行为并促进从私家车向公共交通转变的停车费却效果有限。最后，研究结果表明，人们对可持续发展认证的认知度仍然很低，认证对决策过程的影响非常有限。

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引用次数: 0