Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献_第2页

Bridging the nature gap: Supporting ethno-racial diversity in outdoor spaces 弥合自然差距：支持户外空间的种族多样性

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101001

Aida Bagheri Hamaneh , Ashley A. Dayer , Tiffany A. Drape , Willandia A. Chaves

Interaction with natural environments grants a myriad of health and wellbeing benefits to people and can result in an increase in conservation behaviors. Given these benefits, it is concerning that in the United States, Black, Asian, and Latine people have lower rates of participation in nature-based activities and lower access to nature compared to White people. While previous research on this topic focused on the barriers preventing participation, it is less clear what supports Black, Asian, and Latine engagement with nature. We examined the role of community cultural wealth (CCW), environmental education (EE), and the intersection of racial and gender identities in Black, Asian, and Latine people's participation in nature-based activities. Community cultural wealth is an asset-based model used to understand the persistence of marginalized individuals in institutions created without them in mind. We proposed that this novel use of the framework can help to better understand sources of support for Black, Asian, and Latine people's interactions with nature because these activities have been historically impacted by structural racism. We assessed the linkages between EE, CCW, intersectionality, and participation in nature-based activities using qualitative and quantitative social-science methods. Results from semi-structured interviews (n = 36) and a nationwide survey (n = 1387) showed that social connections, family, community, EE experiences, and relevant skills and information were important drivers of participation in nature-based activities for Black, Asian, and Latine individuals. Our findings suggest that fostering social connections, increasing equity in EE, and providing outdoor engagement opportunities are integral to supporting nature engagement for these individuals.

与自然环境的互动给人们带来了无数的健康和福祉，并可能导致保护行为的增加。考虑到这些好处，令人担忧的是，在美国，与白人相比，黑人、亚洲人和拉丁人参与自然活动的比例更低，接触自然的机会也更少。虽然之前关于这一主题的研究主要集中在阻碍参与的障碍上，但不太清楚是什么支持黑人、亚洲人和拉丁人参与自然。我们研究了社区文化财富（CCW）、环境教育（EE）以及种族和性别认同的交集在黑人、亚洲人和拉丁人参与自然活动中的作用。社区文化财富是一种基于资产的模型，用于理解边缘化个人在没有考虑到他们的情况下创建的机构中的持久性。我们提出，这种框架的新用法可以帮助更好地理解黑人、亚洲人和拉丁人与自然互动的支持来源，因为这些活动在历史上受到结构性种族主义的影响。我们使用定性和定量的社会科学方法评估了情感表达、CCW、交叉性和参与基于自然的活动之间的联系。半结构化访谈（n = 36）和全国调查（n = 1387）的结果显示，社会关系、家庭、社区、情感表达经验以及相关技能和信息是黑人、亚洲人和拉丁人参与自然活动的重要驱动因素。我们的研究结果表明，促进社会联系，增加情感表达的公平性，并提供户外参与机会，对于支持这些个体的自然参与是不可或缺的。

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引用次数: 0

Research note: Understanding the short-term effect of differential park pricing policy 研究说明：了解公园差别定价政策的短期效应

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101011

Chris A.B. Zajchowski , Rebecca Honsinger , Katherine Lee , Chelsea Pennick

引用次数: 0

Winter backcountry travel and avalanche airbags: Assessing risk-taking in a field study 冬季野外旅行和雪崩安全气囊：实地研究中的风险评估

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101009

Bernhard Streicher , Michaela Brugger , Martin Schwiersch , Lukas Fritz , Christoph Hummel , Florian Hellberg

Avalanche airbags are a key innovation in avalanche safety, reducing burial depth and increasing survival rates. However, concerns remain about potential risk compensation, whereby users engage in riskier behavior due to perceived safety gains. Previous studies have explored this issue only in online scenarios. This field study investigated associations between airbag use and real-world risk-taking among groups of ski tourers (n = 112) and freeriders (i.e., out-of-bounds skiers; n = 45). Groups were surveyed before and after their tours. Risk-taking was assessed by comparing the number of hazardous sites on intended and conducted routes, as well as observed behavior in these sites, against expert terrain analyses and recommendations. No evidence of increased risk-taking due to airbag use was found. Knowledge of airbag effectiveness and limitations was incomplete, and participants overestimated both avalanche mortality risk and the survival benefit of airbags by nearly twofold. Among ski tourers, airbag use was associated with greater experience and carrying additional safety equipment (i.e., helmets), whereas among freeriders, airbag use was associated with carrying standard emergency equipment. The proportion of ski tourers carrying airbags increased from avalanche danger level 1 to 2 and 3. Overall, airbag use was unrelated to risk-taking, risk propensity, or avalanche training. These findings suggest that airbag use is embedded within a group's broader risk culture rather than serving as a standalone influence on behavior. Accordingly, potential risk compensation effects may be shaped by a complex interaction of current avalanche conditions, terrain-specific risk propensity, avalanche awareness, and group risk culture.

雪崩安全气囊是雪崩安全的关键创新，可以减少掩埋深度，提高存活率。然而，人们仍然担心潜在的风险补偿，即用户由于感知到安全收益而从事更危险的行为。之前的研究只在网络场景中探讨了这个问题。这项实地研究调查了滑雪游客（n = 112）和自由滑雪者（即出界滑雪者，n = 45）群体中安全气囊使用与现实冒险之间的关系。旅行团在旅行前后都接受了调查。通过比较预定路线和已实施路线上危险地点的数量，以及在这些地点观察到的行为，与专家地形分析和建议进行比较，评估风险。没有证据表明使用安全气囊会增加风险。安全气囊的有效性和局限性的知识是不完整的，参与者高估了雪崩死亡风险和安全气囊的生存效益近两倍。在滑雪游客中，安全气囊的使用与更丰富的经验和携带额外的安全设备（即头盔）有关，而在自由骑行者中，安全气囊的使用与携带标准应急设备有关。携带安全气囊的滑雪者比例从雪崩危险等级1级增加到2级和3级。总的来说，安全气囊的使用与冒险、风险倾向或雪崩训练无关。这些发现表明，安全气囊的使用根植于一个群体更广泛的风险文化中，而不是作为对行为的单独影响。因此，潜在的风险补偿效应可能是由当前雪崩条件、地形特定风险倾向、雪崩意识和群体风险文化的复杂相互作用形成的。

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引用次数: 0

On the path to regenerative nature-based tourism in Canada? Insights from the legacy of COVID-19 on Canadians’ travel behaviours 在加拿大的再生自然旅游的道路上？2019冠状病毒病对加拿大人旅行行为的影响

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101003

Brooklyn Rushton , Christopher J. Lemieux , Daniel J. Scott , Michelle Rutty

Our global society is grappling with a polycrisis, a convergence of interconnected challenges that profoundly affect life on Earth and demand transformative change. This study examines COVID-19, a health-related dimension of the polycrisis, as a potential catalyst for sustainable and regenerative tourism transitions in Canada's nature-based destinations by analyzing shifts in demand. Specifically, it investigates how Canadians' travel behaviours, motivations, values, and preferences changed across four distinct pandemic phases, and whether these shifts indicate a desire for more sustainable and regenerative forms of tourism or are merely short-term adaptations to COVID-19 restrictions. Drawing on a national survey of 753 Canadians that uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, the findings reveal a growing preference for more sustainable and regenerative tourism practices post COVID-19. This is evidenced by increased interest in local, regional, domestic, slow, and nature-based travel in the post-pandemic period. While challenges such as affordability and cultural inertia persist, results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic opened space for a broader consumer shift, offering opportunities for Canada's nature-based tourism sector to better align with sustainable and regenerative principles as part of its recovery and future development. The discussion concludes with recommendations for multi-scalar action, across individual, destination, sectoral, national, and global levels, to accelerate the transition towards more sustainable and regenerative forms of tourism.

我们的全球社会正在努力应对多重危机，一系列相互关联的挑战汇聚在一起，深刻影响着地球上的生命，需要变革。本研究通过分析需求变化，考察了COVID-19（多重危机中与健康相关的一个方面）作为加拿大以自然为基础的目的地可持续和再生旅游转型的潜在催化剂。具体来说，它调查了加拿大人的旅行行为、动机、价值观和偏好在四个不同的大流行阶段是如何变化的，以及这些变化是表明人们渴望更可持续和可再生的旅游形式，还是仅仅是对COVID-19限制的短期适应。根据对753名加拿大人进行的一项全国调查，调查结果显示，在2019冠状病毒病后，人们越来越倾向于更可持续和可再生的旅游做法。在大流行后时期，人们对本地、区域、国内、慢速旅行和以自然为基础的旅行的兴趣增加就证明了这一点。尽管负担能力和文化惯性等挑战依然存在，但结果表明，2019冠状病毒病大流行为更广泛的消费者转变开辟了空间，为加拿大以自然为基础的旅游业提供了机会，使其更好地符合可持续和再生原则，作为其复苏和未来发展的一部分。讨论最后提出了在个人、目的地、部门、国家和全球各级采取多尺度行动的建议，以加速向更可持续和可再生的旅游形式过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Muddling through it: Analyzing public land manager perspectives on recreation allocation 混在其中：分析公共土地管理者对游憩配置的看法

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2026.101015

Kelsey E. Phillips , Christopher A. Armatas , William L. Rice , Sharon Suiwen Zou , Nicholas Pitas

Demand for recreation on public lands has outpaced supply in many highly popular locations in the United States of America and globally. The task of distributing these limited recreation opportunities among individuals or groups (known as allocation) has long plagued recreation managers. However, limited empirical information is available concerning best practices for selecting an allocation mechanism (e.g., permits available through first-come, first-served, open reservations, lotteries, etc.) that best meets the management objectives and constraints of a given site—including temporal considerations of booking windows. Thus, managers are left with little in the form of best practices for navigating the natural trade-offs that exist between the available allocation mechanisms. This research seeks to illuminate how recreation managers across federal and state agencies approach the allocation of recreation resources for their management areas by asking what has gone both well and poorly when allocating these resources, as well as what limitations may exist to achieving equity and efficiency during these processes. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 50 recreation managers across the U.S. reveal that managers have nuanced concerns when making allocation decisions, with numerous trade-offs identified. Managers highlighted goals and objectives including variety and flexibility, and observed success when effective communication was maintained internally and externally. Managers encountered challenges related to the design and enforcement of allocation mechanisms, as well as in public education efforts. The findings highlight the potential value of collaborative planning with visitors when making recreation allocation decisions, as well as varying recreation allocation systems across space and time.

在美国和全球许多非常受欢迎的地方，公共土地上的娱乐需求超过了供应。将这些有限的娱乐机会分配给个人或群体的任务（称为分配）长期以来一直困扰着娱乐管理者。然而，关于选择分配机制的最佳实践的经验信息有限（例如，通过先到先得、开放预订、抽签等方式获得许可），这些机制最能满足给定站点的管理目标和约束，包括预订窗口的时间考虑。因此，管理人员几乎没有最佳实践的形式来导航存在于可用分配机制之间的自然权衡。本研究旨在阐明联邦和州机构的娱乐管理人员如何通过询问在分配这些资源时什么是好的和不好的，以及在这些过程中实现公平和效率可能存在什么限制，来为他们的管理领域分配娱乐资源。对美国50位娱乐经理进行的半结构化深度访谈显示，经理们在做出分配决策时，会有细微的考虑，并确定了许多权衡。管理者强调目标和目的，包括多样性和灵活性，并观察到在内部和外部保持有效沟通时取得的成功。管理人员遇到了与分配机制的设计和执行以及公共教育工作有关的挑战。研究结果强调了在制定娱乐分配决策时与游客进行协作规划的潜在价值，以及不同空间和时间的娱乐分配系统。

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引用次数: 0

From peaks to places: The interplay of mountaineering, place identity, and place meaning in the Brazilian evolving wilderness recreation context 从山峰到地方：在巴西不断发展的荒野娱乐环境中，登山、地方身份和地方意义的相互作用

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101004

Renata Kika B. Bradford , Camila Gonçalves de Oliveira Rodrigues , Carlos Augusto A. de Figueiredo

Recreation in wilderness-like areas can play a central role in promoting meaningful experiences in a protected area and connecting people to places. However, little attention has been given to the meanings recreationists attach to wilderness-like areas in Brazil, where recreation was incipient, or to the interplay between changing regulations and place meaning. This study exploresthe meanings mountaineers attach to wilderness-like areas at the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (SONP), Brazil. Using a grounded theory approach, we conducted two focus groups with mountaineers who visited wilderness-like areas of the park. Results indicate that place meanings emerged from a combination of social, environmental, and experiential aspects. Participants' identities and social relationships influenced their connection with place, motivations, and satisfaction with visits to SONP wilderness-like settings. Recreation experiences intertwined the park as a whole, its wilderness-like areas, and mountaineering creating a sense of continuity from the past and instilling pride and honor in their experiences. Potential changes in regulations, perceived as threats to access and "their" wilderness recreation, led to protective attitudes, further shaping place meanings. This study enables land managers at SONP and beyond to better understand the interests, needs, values, and symbolism of wilderness visitors, contributing to more effective decision-making about recreation policies. Management implications include the need for balancing the protection of wilderness character with equitable access. Participatory decision-making processes can co-create solutions that reflect shared values and maximize equity.

在类似荒野的地区，娱乐活动可以在促进保护区有意义的体验和将人们与地方联系起来方面发挥核心作用。然而，很少有人注意到休闲主义者赋予巴西类似荒野地区的意义，在那里休闲刚刚起步，也很少有人注意到不断变化的法规和地方意义之间的相互作用。本研究探讨了巴西塞拉多斯Órgãos国家公园（SONP）的登山者对类似荒野地区的看法。采用扎根理论的方法，我们与参观过公园类似荒野地区的登山者进行了两个焦点小组。结果表明，地点意义来自社会、环境和经验方面的结合。参与者的身份和社会关系影响了他们与地点、动机和对SONP荒野样环境访问的满意度的联系。娱乐体验将公园作为一个整体，它的荒野般的区域和登山活动交织在一起，创造了一种从过去延续下来的感觉，并在他们的经历中灌输了骄傲和荣誉。法规的潜在变化，被认为是对进入和“他们的”荒野娱乐的威胁，导致了保护态度，进一步塑造了地方的意义。这项研究使SONP及其他地方的土地管理者能够更好地了解荒野游客的兴趣、需求、价值和象征意义，有助于更有效地制定娱乐政策。对管理的影响包括需要平衡保护荒野的特点与公平获取。参与性决策过程可以共同创造反映共同价值观和最大化公平的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

To hunt or not to hunt: Is it that simple for female hunters? 狩猎还是不狩猎：对于女性猎人来说，这很简单吗？

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101012

Hayley Nash Jackson , Lauren Redmore , Christopher A. Cheek , Jennifer Zavaleta Cheek

Natural resource agencies and researchers have often focused efforts to reduce the constraints women face in hunting. However, many women continue to hunt despite these barriers, suggesting a need to understand the complex decisions they make. This study explores the decision space that women navigate despite logistical, cultural, and personal constraints. This mixed method study used free lists (n = 50) and semi-structured interviews (n = 22) to identify the most salient decisions women make to go hunting. These included decisions about gear, household responsibilities, hunting partners, land access, and pre-planning. Interviews revealed how women strategically make decisions to navigate constraints by connecting actions across domains such as safety, time, and social support. Gear decisions, for example, were shaped by cost, safety, and confidence, and some women expressed insecurity about lacking the “right” equipment. Many participants also emphasized peer support and sought community with other women. Hunting also required prioritizing personal time, often in tension with expectations around caregiving and household roles. These findings suggest that state agencies and conservation organizations can play an active role in supporting women—not only through outreach and education, but by facilitating access to peer networks and reducing gear-related barriers. Programs like gear libraries or donation drives may reduce early-entry obstacles and help foster confidence. Efforts to reframe women's leisure as necessary may help women who struggle with guilt around household duties. Overall, this study highlights women's agency to navigate barriers, make complex decisions, act on their hunting goals, and it offers practical insights to improve recruitment and retention.

自然资源机构和研究人员经常致力于减少女性在狩猎中面临的限制。然而，尽管存在这些障碍，许多女性仍在继续狩猎，这表明有必要了解她们做出的复杂决定。这项研究探讨了女性在不受后勤、文化和个人限制的情况下做出决策的空间。这项混合方法研究使用自由列表（n = 50）和半结构化访谈（n = 22）来确定女性在外出狩猎时做出的最重要决定。这些包括关于装备、家庭责任、狩猎伙伴、土地使用权和预先规划的决定。访谈揭示了女性是如何通过将安全、时间和社会支持等领域的行动联系起来，战略性地做出决策来应对限制的。例如，装备决定是由成本、安全性和信心决定的，一些女性对缺乏“合适”装备表示不安全。许多与会者还强调同伴支持，并寻求与其他妇女建立社区。狩猎还需要优先安排个人时间，这往往与照顾孩子和扮演家庭角色的期望相矛盾。这些发现表明，国家机构和保护组织可以在支持妇女方面发挥积极作用——不仅通过外展和教育，而且通过促进进入同伴网络和减少与装备有关的障碍。像齿轮库或捐赠活动这样的项目可能会减少早期进入的障碍，并有助于培养信心。重塑女性闲暇时间的努力可能会帮助那些在家务中挣扎的女性。总的来说，这项研究强调了女性在克服障碍、做出复杂决策、实现她们的求职目标方面的能力，并为提高招聘和留住员工提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Stress and mindfulness in nature-based tourism: An integrated model of restoration and coping 自然旅游中的压力与正念：一个恢复与应对的综合模型

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2026.101017

Jinok Susanna Kim , C. Michael Hall , Kok Beng Goh , Myung Ja Kim

Contact with nature, including nature-based tourism, is an acknowledged strategy for psychological restoration. However, the recovery pathway from stress to quality of life in relation to nature-based tourism remains underexplored. This research proposes and evaluates a model that integrating the transactional model of stress and coping, the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, and attention restoration theory. A survey of 347 national park visitors in Korea revealed that stress significantly affects emotion regulation and perceived restorative environments, which in turn enhance recovery experiences, satisfaction, and quality of life. Multi-group analysis showed that these effects were significantly stronger among individuals with high mindfulness. These findings highlight mindfulness as a key moderating factor and offer theoretical and practical insights regarding how nature-based experiences can support psychological well-being.

与自然接触，包括以自然为基础的旅游，是一种公认的心理恢复策略。然而，与以自然为基础的旅游相关的从压力到生活质量的恢复途径仍未得到充分探索。本研究提出并评估了一个整合压力与应对的交易模型、积极情绪的拓展与构建理论和注意恢复理论的模型。一项针对347名韩国国家公园游客的调查显示，压力显著影响情绪调节和感知的恢复环境，从而提高恢复体验、满意度和生活质量。多组分析表明，这些影响在正念高的个体中明显更强。这些发现强调了正念是一个关键的调节因素，并提供了关于基于自然的体验如何支持心理健康的理论和实践见解。

引用次数: 0

Recreational activity as a pathway to healthy aging: A mixed-methods study on sedentary older adults 娱乐活动是健康老龄化的途径：一项针对久坐老年人的混合方法研究

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.101007

Fatih Varol , Hasan Suat Aksu , Merve Öksüz Taner , Emrullah Erul

This study investigates the outcomes associated with regular recreational physical activities on the quality of life of sedentary elderly individuals, employing an embedded mixed-methods research design. The research was conducted in a major city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey between May and July 2023. The study sample comprised 20 participants aged between 65 and 74 years, who engaged in a 12-week intervention program incorporating various physical activities. Both qualitative interviews and quantitative assessments were utilized to examine changes in cognitive and social functioning, health perception, and mental efficiency before and after the intervention. The findings indicate that participants who engaged in recreational physical activities reported significantly enhanced both physical and mental well-being, with notable improvements in social interactions and overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, the positive effects were reported to potentially extend beyond the intervention period, as qualitative data indicated influencing participants' engagement in social activities and their perception of their social environment. This study highlights the critical role of regular recreational physical activities in promoting healthy aging, advocating for their integration into routine care practices and community programs for the elderly. Such an approach not only supports physical health but also fosters mental and social well-being, thereby contributing to an improved quality of life in aging populations.

本研究采用嵌入式混合方法研究设计，探讨定期娱乐性体育活动对久坐老年人生活质量的影响。该研究于2023年5月至7月在土耳其安纳托利亚中部地区的一个主要城市进行。研究样本包括20名年龄在65至74岁之间的参与者，他们参加了一个为期12周的干预计划，其中包括各种体育活动。采用定性访谈和定量评估来检查干预前后认知和社会功能、健康感知和心理效率的变化。研究结果表明，从事娱乐性体育活动的参与者在身心健康方面都有显著提高，在社会交往和总体生活满意度方面也有显著改善。此外，据报道，正如定性数据显示的那样，积极影响可能会延续到干预期之后，影响参与者对社会活动的参与和对社会环境的感知。本研究强调有规律的娱乐体育活动在促进健康老龄化中的重要作用，提倡将其纳入老年人的日常护理实践和社区计划。这种做法不仅有助于身体健康，而且还促进心理和社会福祉，从而有助于提高老龄人口的生活质量。

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引用次数: 0

It's fun … until it isn't: Boosting and nudging for safer decisions in hazardous backcountry winter mountains 它很有趣，直到它不有趣：在危险的冬季山区偏远地区，推动和推动更安全的决定

IF 4.4 3区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100996

Tove I. Dahl , Tim Dassler , Richard Fjellaksel , Audun Hetland , Gerit Pfuhl , Karin Street , Håvard Boutera Toft , Christin Schulze

With limited regulation, how can we help individuals make autonomous, safe decisions in complex, uncertain and volatile contexts? Using backcountry skiing in Norway as a case study, we explore how aspects of soft regulatory approaches—boosts and nudges—are used to support safer decision-making in high-risk environments as a complement to formal regulation. Norway's ethos of friluftsliv and the right to roam grants recreationists significant autonomy, yet this freedom comes with risks, as human-triggered avalanches in unmanaged wilderness areas pose serious threats. We present several existing interventions, such as avalanche courses, and beacon checkpoints. We then use a behavioral science lens to identify their boosty and nudgy qualities and how they may support the seemingly incongruous practice of safe and autonomous decision-making while having fun in sometimes highly hazardous contexts. Challenges, including intervention accessibility, trust, and scalability, are discussed, and recommendations for future practice and research are offered.

在监管有限的情况下，我们如何帮助个人在复杂、不确定和不稳定的环境中做出自主、安全的决定？以挪威的野外滑雪为例，我们探讨了软监管方法的各个方面——促进和推动——如何作为正式监管的补充，在高风险环境中支持更安全的决策。挪威的休闲精神和漫游权赋予了休闲主义者很大的自主权，但这种自由也伴随着风险，因为在无人管理的荒野地区，人为引发的雪崩会构成严重威胁。我们提出了几种现有的干预措施，如雪崩路线和信标检查点。然后，我们使用行为科学的镜头来识别他们的热情和挑逗的品质，以及他们如何支持看似不协调的安全自主决策实践，同时在有时高度危险的环境中享受乐趣。讨论了干预措施的可及性、信任和可扩展性等挑战，并对未来的实践和研究提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0