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Beneath the lens: Exploring the impacts of underwater photographers in marine-based tourism 镜头之下探索水下摄影师对海洋旅游业的影响
IF 3.6 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100796
Anson T.H. Ma , Lewis T.O. Cheung , Ching Yee Lui , Alice S.Y. Chow , Ke Zhang , Theresa W.L. Lam , Lincoln Fok

As scuba diving proliferates in popularity as a nature-based recreational activity, the associated benefits and impacts are correspondingly emerging. Previous studies showed that underwater photographers are potentially the more impactful group of scuba divers. To further explore the impacts and behaviour of underwater photographers, this study attempted to predict their impacts through three photography-related variables, including species of interest, photography habit, and photography commitment through a case study in Hong Kong. A scuba diver survey was performed in summer 2021 to assess the impacts of divers, a follow-up questionnaire survey was delivered, and a total of 106 samples were collected. Findings showed that underwater photographers caused more negative impacts than ordinary scuba divers. Among underwater photographers, individuals more interested in conspicuous and actively moving species have more frequent contact with marine organisms. In contrast, those more interested in cryptic and sedentary species were more likely to cause intentional contact. Underwater photographers with greater commitment also showed more frequent and more intentional connections. Implications were drawn regarding underwater photographers' behaviors, and relevant suggestions were recommended to address the potential concerns.

Management implication

This study highlights the significant ecological impacts of underwater photographers who cause higher contact rates with the coral community, which causes more severe damage. The research suggested various policies for the protected areas managers to mitigate the advert ecological impacts from the recreational divers as follows:

  • Train underwater photographers on proper techniques to reduce ecological impact.

  • Regulate the use of professional photography devices in marine environments.

  • Implement comprehensive pre-dive briefings to promote eco-friendly diving practices.

  • Use supervised dives to ensure adherence to environmental guidelines.

By adopting the above measurements, the marine ecosystem can be protected, which can promote sustainable tourism practices.

随着水肺潜水作为一种以自然为基础的娱乐活动的普及,相关的益处和影响也相应出现。以前的研究表明,水下摄影师可能是水肺潜水员中影响较大的群体。为了进一步探讨水下摄影师的影响和行为,本研究试图通过香港的一个案例研究,通过三个与摄影相关的变量(包括感兴趣的物种、摄影习惯和摄影承诺)来预测他们的影响。研究于 2021 年夏季进行了潜水员调查,以评估潜水员的影响,并进行了后续问卷调查,共收集了 106 个样本。调查结果显示,与普通潜水员相比,水下摄影师造成的负面影响更大。在水下摄影师中,对显眼和活动频繁的物种更感兴趣的人与海洋生物接触的频率更高。相比之下,那些对隐蔽和静止物种更感兴趣的摄影师更有可能造成故意接触。更投入的水下摄影师也表现出更频繁和更有意的联系。本研究强调了水下摄影师对生态环境的重大影响,他们与珊瑚群落的接触率更高,造成的破坏也更严重。研究为保护区管理者提出了各种政策建议,以减轻休闲潜水员对生态环境的影响:●培训水下摄影师掌握正确的技术,以减少对生态环境的影响;●规范在海洋环境中使用专业摄影设备;●实施全面的潜水前简报,以促进生态友好型潜水实践;●使用监督潜水,以确保遵守环境准则。
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引用次数: 0
Visitor Experience at Viera y Clavijo Botanic Garden: Satisfaction and Loyalty Antecedents Viera y Clavijo 植物园的游客体验:满意度和忠诚度的前因
IF 3.6 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100778
Gonzalo Díaz-Meneses , Maica Amador-Marrero

The primary objective of this paper is to study how botanical gardens are experienced. Firstly, the study attempts to demonstrate how the senses shape visitor satisfaction and loyalty to the garden. Secondly, to gain new insights into the visitor experience, the study highlights the importance of information, emotions, social interactions, and behavioural responses. The survey was carried out through a structured questionnaire. The sample for this study included 373 respondents, contacted through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in Botanical Garden Viera y Clavijo, in Gran Canaria. After checking the scale's validity with confirmatory factor analysis and the Alpha Cronbach test, the study performed a path analysis to test eleven hypotheses on the effect of sensory responses, emotions, information, social interaction and behavioural responses on visitor satisfaction and visitor loyalty as well as the direct relationship between visitor satisfaction and loyalty. The findings provide convincing evidence that satisfaction and loyalty show fundamentally different precursors. While the former relates to behavioural responses, social interactions and low-involvement senses such as hearing, the latter is formed by high-involvement senses such as smell and touch. However, both variables show the same emotional background, and neither is rooted in the information provided about the garden. Therefore, given the practical implications, the study suggests that botanical garden managers enrich peripheral routes of persuasion by emphasising emotional interventions over cognitive strategies.

Management implications

  • Gardens should offer visitors opportunities for free exploration along diverse trails with a variety of flora and fauna, which would encourage a positive attitude in visitors.

  • Garden managers should design environments that evoke emotions such as tranquillity, charm and love so that visitors have positive experiences on a deeper level.

  • Recognise the importance of social interactions with botanic garden staff, visitors and companies to further enrich the visitor's visit.

  • Garden managers must prioritise the sensory experience in the gardens. Visitor satisfaction is highly dependent on sensory factors, especially hearing. Ensure environments are calm, natural and noise-free to optimise satisfaction levels.

本文的主要目的是研究如何体验植物园。首先,研究试图说明感官如何影响游客对植物园的满意度和忠诚度。其次,为了获得对游客体验的新见解,本研究强调了信息、情感、社会互动和行为反应的重要性。调查是通过结构化问卷进行的。本研究的样本包括大加那利岛维埃拉和克拉维霍植物园的 373 名受访者,这些受访者都是通过非概率方便抽样获得的。通过确认性因子分析和 Alpha Cronbach 测试检验了量表的有效性后,本研究进行了路径分析,检验了感官反应、情绪、信息、社会互动和行为反应对游客满意度和忠诚度的影响,以及游客满意度和忠诚度之间的直接关系等 11 项假设。研究结果提供了令人信服的证据,证明满意度和忠诚度有着根本不同的前兆。前者与行为反应、社会互动和听觉等低参与度感官有关,而后者则由嗅觉和触觉等高参与度感官形成。然而,这两个变量显示了相同的情感背景,都不是源于所提供的花园信息。因此,考虑到实际意义,本研究建议植物园管理者通过强调情感干预而非认知策略来丰富说服的外围途径。管理意义--植物园应为游客提供机会,让他们沿着各种动植物的不同路径自由探索,这将鼓励游客采取积极的态度。-园林管理者应设计出能唤起游客宁静、魅力和爱等情感的环境,使游客在更深层次上获得积极体验。-认识到与植物园工作人员、游客和公司进行社交互动的重要性,以进一步丰富游客的游览体验。游客的满意度在很大程度上取决于感官因素,尤其是听觉。确保环境平静、自然、无噪音,以提高满意度。
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引用次数: 0
Ticks and lyme disease in natural areas: A segmentation analysis of visitor perceptions of risk and preferred communication strategies 自然区的蜱虫和莱姆病:游客对风险和首选宣传策略的细分分析
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100794
Ryan M. Brady, Christopher J. Lemieux, Sean T. Doherty

Reported Lyme disease cases have been rapidly increasing globally in recent years. Despite this, few studies have explored how the public perceives health risks associated with ticks and Lyme disease, especially within the context of visitor experiences in natural areas. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey of visitors to one of Ontario, Canada’s most visited provincial parks. Despite high perceptions of risk, few visitors feel sufficiently educated about ticks and Lyme disease. Further, only 51% of visitors would return to the park if future regional incidents of tick-borne illnesses increased by 10–30% (under climate change). Interestingly, no significant correlations were uncovered between home distance and tick-related risk perceptions or self-reported tick education levels. These results may be indicative of the normalization of tick-related risk throughout many of southern Ontario’s most populated regions. Finally, our results also revealed that there is no preferred “one-size-fits-all” risk communication strategy that can be used to support risk-reducing behaviour change in a natural areas context. We recommend a diversity of evidence-based, on-site, and off-site strategies, that can be considered by governing authorities not only in Canada but indeed globally to reduce tick-related health and safety risks and ultimately safeguard visitor experiences in natural areas subject to increasing tick prevalence.

Management Implications

Management Implications: The expanding range of ticks and increasing cases of Lyme disease are presenting significant risks to those who visit natural areas, requiring increasing management attention and action by governing authorities, including park managers and regional health units. Through a mixed-methods approach, we examined park visitor perceptions, behaviours, and preferred communication strategies regarding tick and Lyme disease risk. The results revealed a number of key findings, including:

  • While risk perceptions of tick bites are high, few visitors feel sufficiently educated about ticks and Lyme disease;

  • Only 51% of visitors would return to the park if future regional incidents of tick-borne illnesses increased by 10–30% (under climate change);

  • Visitors with further travel distances were significantly less likely to return to the park after experiencing an in-park tick bite; and,

  • There is no preferred “one-size-fits-all” risk communication strategy within a park visitor context.

近年来,全球报告的莱姆病病例迅速增加。尽管如此,很少有研究探讨公众如何看待与蜱虫和莱姆病相关的健康风险,尤其是在自然区域的游客体验方面。为了填补这一知识空白,我们对加拿大安大略省游客最多的省级公园之一的游客进行了一项调查。尽管游客对风险的认知度很高,但很少有人认为自己对蜱虫和莱姆病有足够的了解。此外,如果未来该地区的蜱传疾病发病率增加 10%-30%(在气候变化的情况下),只有 51% 的游客会重返公园。有趣的是,家庭距离与蜱虫相关风险认知或自我报告的蜱虫教育水平之间没有发现明显的相关性。这些结果可能表明,在安大略省南部许多人口最稠密的地区,与蜱虫相关的风险已经常态化。最后,我们的研究结果还表明,没有一种 "放之四海而皆准 "的风险交流策略可用于支持在自然区域环境中减少风险的行为改变。我们建议采取多种以证据为基础的现场和非现场策略,供加拿大乃至全球的管理机构考虑,以降低与蜱虫相关的健康和安全风险,最终保障游客在蜱虫日益猖獗的自然区域的体验:蜱虫范围的扩大和莱姆病病例的增加给自然保护区的游客带来了巨大的风险,需要管理当局(包括公园管理者和地区卫生单位)在管理上给予更多的关注并采取行动。通过混合方法,我们研究了公园游客对蜱虫和莱姆病风险的看法、行为和偏好的沟通策略。研究结果显示了一系列重要发现,包括:-虽然游客对蜱虫叮咬的风险认知度很高,但很少有游客认为自己对蜱虫和莱姆病有足够的了解;-如果未来地区性的蜱虫传播疾病事件增加 10%-30%(在气候变化的情况下),只有 51% 的游客会重返公园;-旅行距离较远的游客在经历公园内的蜱虫叮咬后重返公园的可能性明显较低;-在公园游客的背景下,没有 "放之四海而皆准 "的首选风险沟通策略。
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引用次数: 0
Urban walkability and tour bus travel 城市步行能力和旅游巴士出行
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100789
Margaret J. Daniels, Minkyung Park

Urban walkability is receiving increasing research attention due to the environmental and health benefits of walking in comparison to driving, yet little is known regarding the walking behaviors of urban visitors who arrive by tour bus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the walking behaviors of diverse tour bus user groups visiting a spatially complex urban destination to better understand urban walkability, barriers to walking, and the derived benefits to walking for tour bus participants. Using an immersive mixed-methods approach, researchers collected eight days of on-bus/off-bus data to document information specific to walking activities, site-to-site transport, tour bus cruising/idling, operational efficiency, mobility, access, and safety. Four target visitor groups included school age, adults, international, and senior citizen veterans. Pedestrian miles traveled ranged from 2.0 to 10.5 miles during tours that lasted between 4.30 and 14.15 h, while primary barriers to walking included itineraries, weather, and safety considerations. Addressing the psychology of walking to evolve from utilitarian to a purposefully integrated leisure activity within tour bus itineraries is the key to decreasing dependency on tour buses for site-to-site transport in urban destinations.

Management implications

  • Spatially complex urban park designs should consider walkability factors such as access, connectivity, path quality, safety, and aesthetics.

  • Policies that highlight and reward smart mobility should be prioritized to increase utilitarian and leisure walking in urban parks.

  • Tour mode bundles should purposefully embed walking activities in itineraries to increase physical benefits and participant satisfaction.

与驾车相比,步行对环境和健康有益,因此城市步行能力越来越受到研究的关注,但人们对乘坐旅游巴士到达城市的游客的步行行为却知之甚少。本研究的目的是调查不同旅游巴士用户群体在游览一个空间复杂的城市目的地时的步行行为,以更好地了解城市步行性、步行障碍以及旅游巴士参与者步行的益处。研究人员采用沉浸式混合方法,收集了八天的车上/车下数据,记录了步行活动、景点间交通、旅游巴士巡游/空驶、运营效率、流动性、交通和安全等方面的具体信息。四个目标游客群体包括学龄儿童、成人、国际游客和老年退伍军人。在 4.30 到 14.15 小时的游览过程中,步行里程从 2.0 英里到 10.5 英里不等,步行的主要障碍包括行程、天气和安全考虑。管理启示--复杂的城市公园设计应考虑可步行性因素,如通道、连通性、道路质量、安全性和美观性;--应优先考虑强调和奖励智能交通的政策,以增加城市公园中的实用性步行和休闲步行;--旅游模式捆绑应将步行活动有目的地嵌入行程中,以增加身体益处和参与者的满意度。
{"title":"Urban walkability and tour bus travel","authors":"Margaret J. Daniels,&nbsp;Minkyung Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban walkability is receiving increasing research attention due to the environmental and health benefits of walking in comparison to driving, yet little is known regarding the walking behaviors of urban visitors who arrive by tour bus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the walking behaviors of diverse tour bus user groups visiting a spatially complex urban destination to better understand urban walkability, barriers to walking, and the derived benefits to walking for tour bus participants. Using an immersive mixed-methods approach, researchers collected eight days of on-bus/off-bus data to document information specific to walking activities, site-to-site transport, tour bus cruising/idling, operational efficiency, mobility, access, and safety. Four target visitor groups included school age, adults, international, and senior citizen veterans. Pedestrian miles traveled ranged from 2.0 to 10.5 miles during tours that lasted between 4.30 and 14.15 h, while primary barriers to walking included itineraries, weather, and safety considerations. Addressing the psychology of walking to evolve from utilitarian to a purposefully integrated leisure activity within tour bus itineraries is the key to decreasing dependency on tour buses for site-to-site transport in urban destinations.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Spatially complex urban park designs should consider walkability factors such as access, connectivity, path quality, safety, and aesthetics.</p></span></li><li><span><p><strong>•</strong>Policies that highlight and reward smart mobility should be prioritized to increase utilitarian and leisure walking in urban parks.</p></span></li><li><span><p><strong>•</strong>Tour mode bundles should purposefully embed walking activities in itineraries to increase physical benefits and participant satisfaction.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gateway community stakeholders’ perceived impacts of protected area management actions: The case of North Carolina (U.S.) state parks 门户社区利益相关者对保护区管理行动影响的看法:北卡罗来纳州(美国)州立公园案例
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100792
Emily April Smith , Whitney Knollenberg , Erin Seekamp , KangJae Jerry Lee , Ann Savage

Many protected area managers contend with increasing demand and insufficient funding (e.g., overcrowding, overuse, maintenance shortfalls, and staffing shortages). To combat these challenges, managers are exploring management actions (i.e., differential pricing, amenity pricing, reservation systems, and demand-based pricing) to increase revenue and distribute or reduce visitor use during peak times. However, implementation of these management actions may displace visitors, affecting gateway community stakeholders (e.g., park staff, affiliated nonprofits, tourism operators, destination management/marketing organizations (DMO), and elected officials) who benefit from state parks. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects these actions may have on gateway community stakeholders. Utilizing Weber's theory of formal and substantive rationality (WTFSR) coupled with the triple bottom line (economic, environmental, and social impacts), we conducted a concurrent, nested mixed methods study with 25 gateway community stakeholders of North Carolina State Parks (NCSP). Analysis of 25 semi-structured interviews and embedded rating and ranking questions provided a deeper understanding of stakeholders' preferred management actions, motivations for those preferences, and perceived impacts of NCSP management actions. Apart from demand-based pricing, gateway community stakeholders expressed overall positive economic, environmental, and social sentiments towards the proposed management actions, suggesting a suite of actions may be ideal for increasing revenue and distributing or reducing visitor use during peak times in protected areas.

Management implications

  • •Gateway community stakeholders can effectively differentiate between suites of management options to enhance environmental protections, community benefits, and profits.

  • •State resident discounts, amenity pricing, and reservation systems were all highly ranked across multiple stakeholder groups, suggesting NCSP has multiple options to increase revenue and distribute or reduce visitor use during peak times. However, demand-based pricing had limited support from stakeholders suggesting NCSP should prioritize other management actions. The varying levels of support for management actions makes it crucial for NCSP to communicate their management action decisions with stakeholders.

  • •Protected area managers must sustain relationships with gateway community stakeholders to be able to understand stakeholders' perspectives on the impacts of management actions.

  • •Beyond NC, this study provides a strategy for protected areas facing similar challenges to assess how management actions may impact gateway community stakeholders or other key stakeholders (e.g., park users, underserved communities).

许多保护区的管理者都面临着需求增加和资金不足的问题(如过度拥挤、过度使用、维护不足和人员短缺)。为了应对这些挑战,管理者们正在探索采取管理措施(如差别定价、设施定价、预订系统和按需定价)来增加收入,并在高峰期分散或减少游客的使用。然而,这些管理措施的实施可能会取代游客,影响从州立公园获益的门户社区利益相关者(如公园工作人员、附属非营利组织、旅游运营商、目的地管理/营销组织 (DMO) 和民选官员)。因此,了解这些行动可能对门户社区利益相关者产生的影响至关重要。利用韦伯的形式理性和实质理性理论(WTFSR)以及三重底线(经济、环境和社会影响),我们对北卡罗来纳州立公园(NCSP)的 25 个门户社区利益相关者进行了一项同步嵌套混合方法研究。通过对 25 个半结构式访谈以及嵌入式评分和排名问题的分析,我们更深入地了解了利益相关者偏好的管理行动、偏好的动机以及对北卡罗来纳州立公园管理行动影响的认知。除了基于需求的定价外,门户社区利益相关者对拟议的管理行动总体上表达了积极的经济、环境和社会情绪,表明一整套行动可能是在保护区高峰期增加收入、分配或减少游客使用的理想选择。然而,利益相关者对按需求定价的支持有限,这表明国家公园管理中心应优先考虑其他管理措施。除了北卡罗来纳州,本研究还为面临类似挑战的保护区提供了一种策略,以评估管理行动可能会如何影响门户社区利益相关者或其他关键利益相关者(如公园用户、服务不足的社区)。
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引用次数: 0
The cognitive and conative image in insular marine protected areas: A study from Galapagos, Ecuador 岛屿海洋保护区的认知和内涵形象:厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛研究
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100793
Mauricio Carvache-Franco , Wilmer Carvache-Franco , Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara , Tahani Hassan , Orly Carvache-Franco

The present study aimed to identify the factors related to cognitive and conative image attributes in an insular marine protected area and determine which factors explain tourist satisfaction and behavioral loyalty. The research was conducted in the Galapagos Islands, a marine protected area in Ecuador, South America. A total of 407 tourist questionnaires were collected on-site, including national and foreign visitors, and factor analysis and ordinal logistical regression techniques were applied. The findings reveal four factors in the image attributes of insular marine protected areas: Staff Attention, Tourist Facilities, Nature, and Cultural Activities. Among the factors explaining satisfaction with the tourist destination, as well as the intention to recommend it and provide positive feedback, Nature and Staff Attention at the destination stand out. Meanwhile, the cultural activities factor best explains the intention to return to the destination.

These findings enhance the academic understanding of the factors influencing the image of coastal and marine destinations, particularly in insular marine protected areas. They also offer valuable insights for destination managers, providing practical guidelines to improve destination images, thereby boosting tourist satisfaction and loyalty.

本研究旨在确定与一个海岛型海洋保护区的认知和内涵形象属性相关的因素,并确定哪些因素可以解释游客的满意度和行为忠诚度。研究在南美洲厄瓜多尔的海洋保护区加拉帕戈斯群岛进行。现场共收集了 407 份游客问卷,其中包括本国游客和外国游客,并应用了因子分析和序数逻辑回归技术。研究结果显示,海岛型海洋保护区的形象属性有四个因素:工作人员关注度、旅游设施、自然和文化活动。在解释对旅游目的地的满意度以及推荐和提供积极反馈的意愿的因素中,目的地的自然和工作人员关注度最为突出。这些研究结果加深了学术界对影响沿海和海洋旅游目的地(尤其是岛屿型海洋保护区)形象的因素的理解。这些研究结果加深了学术界对影响沿海和海洋旅游目的地(尤其是岛屿海洋保护区)形象的因素的理解,也为旅游目的地管理者提供了宝贵的见解,为改善旅游目的地形象提供了实用的指导,从而提高了游客的满意度和忠诚度。
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引用次数: 0
A cognitive appraisal approach to understanding mountain bikers' post-trip trails recommendation intent 用认知评估法了解山地自行车旅行后的路径推荐意图
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100791
Ian E. Munanura , Jeffrey D. Kline , Javier A. Parada Torres , Randall Rosenberger , Miles Phillips , Julie Miller

This paper presents findings from a study that examined how well mountain bikers' cognitive processes predicted their recommendation intent—the intention to share their recreation experience with others. Specifically, we examined relationships between different mountain biking recreation goal appraisals, emotions, and mountain bikers’ intentions to suggest mountain biking destinations to others. We tested hypothesized relationships using a structural equation modeling approach. Our results show that goal congruence and interest are the primary appraisal factors predicting recommendation intent among mountain bikers. While satisfaction and affective emotions are distinct factors that affect post-trip recommendation behavior, our results suggest that satisfaction emotions are significant secondary predictors of recommendation intent and have a stronger relationship with post-trip recommendation intentions than affective emotions. These study outcomes may be used to inform and develop effective management strategies for mountain biking destinations by designing based on user experiences.

Study implications for management

The study underscores the crucial need to tailor mountain biking trails to align with bikers' recreational aspirations and abilities, emphasizing the importance of offering diverse experiences suited to different skill levels. Instead of the typical strategy to grow biking destinations by expanding trail networks, managers should prioritize aligning trail experiences with bikers' expectations and desires to boost competitiveness. Strategic investments in trail infrastructure and services, coupled with feedback systems to gauge changing needs and satisfaction levels, are critical. Collaborating with local biking groups can enhance understanding and adaptability to evolving preferences. Continuous efforts to personalize trail experiences based on bikers' preferences are essential for garnering positive feedback, ensuring enduring enjoyment, and sustaining the appeal and growth of mountain biking destinations.

本文介绍了一项研究的结果,该研究考察了山地自行车爱好者的认知过程如何预测他们的推荐意图--与他人分享他们的娱乐体验的意图。具体来说,我们研究了不同的山地自行车娱乐目标评价、情感和山地自行车爱好者向他人推荐山地自行车目的地的意图之间的关系。我们使用结构方程建模方法检验了假设的关系。结果表明,目标一致性和兴趣是预测山地自行车爱好者推荐意图的主要评价因素。虽然满意度和情感情绪是影响旅行后推荐行为的不同因素,但我们的结果表明,满意度情绪是推荐意向的重要次要预测因素,与情感情绪相比,满意度情绪与旅行后推荐意向的关系更为密切。这些研究成果可通过基于用户体验的设计,为山地自行车目的地提供信息并制定有效的管理策略。 研究对管理的启示该研究强调了根据自行车爱好者的娱乐愿望和能力定制山地自行车道的重要性,强调了提供适合不同技能水平的多样化体验的重要性。管理者应优先考虑根据自行车爱好者的期望和愿望调整自行车道体验,以提高竞争力,而不是通过扩大自行车道网络来发展自行车运动目的地的典型策略。对自行车道基础设施和服务进行战略性投资,同时建立反馈系统来评估不断变化的需求和满意度,这一点至关重要。与当地自行车运动团体合作,可以增强对不断变化的偏好的理解和适应能力。根据自行车爱好者的喜好,不断努力实现个性化的越野体验,对于赢得积极反馈、确保持久的乐趣以及保持山地自行车运动目的地的吸引力和增长至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Bird photos as trophies: Status signalling, reinforcement, and competition 作为战利品的鸟类照片:地位信号、强化和竞争
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100790
Ding Xu , Hailan Pan , Guiqing Li , Chaozhi Zhang

Avitourism and avitourists are more frequently characterized by intense photography. Although discussions on wildlife photography are not new, few have explained the meanings behind photo-sharing. Drawing on the concept of photograph as trophy, we interviewed 26 Chinese avitourists across a wide specialisation spectrum. From casual to advanced avitourists, we found that the stories behind the photos, the particularity of species, and the sophistication of photography techniques are the defining qualities of trophy-like photos. Sharing such photos, like conservation photographs, indicates co-existence and amicable encounters with nature. These photos may be used to communicate high social status. The finer the photos were made, the stronger the implications that they are costly, pro-environmental, and produced with the assistance of power. Importantly, pro-environmentalism implicitly communicates a sense of altruism and cultural capital, which enables status signalling. Such photos can contribute to the reinforcement and competition of status, which thereby catalyses cheating and other deviant photography actions. Such deviance is reversely justified with the positive pro-environmental birder image. Excavating such multi-faceted meanings of bird photos may help explain bird photo-taking and sharing, and provide implications for involving birders in protected land management.

Managerial implications

Status signalling can help manage birders communities. As deviance like baiting for photography is driven by the desire for status signalling, on-site regulations on bird photography tours are needed for the short run. In the long term, it is important to incorporate ethical guidelines in birding tour operations and promote compliance with the ethical code of conduct as a socially superior practice. Additionally, leveraging social status can be achieved by creating platforms for avitourists to showcase their photos and gain recognition. This may encourage the participation of knowledge experts who demand status signalling into anti-deviance promotion, environmental education, and protected land management.

航空旅游和航空旅游者更多地以密集的摄影为特征。尽管关于野生动物摄影的讨论并不新鲜,但很少有人解释照片分享背后的意义。借鉴 "照片即战利品 "的概念,我们采访了 26 位不同专业领域的中国游客。我们发现,从散客到高级鸟类旅游者,照片背后的故事、物种的特殊性和摄影技术的复杂性都是战利品般的照片的决定性特质。分享这类照片,就像分享保护照片一样,表明了与大自然的共存和友好接触。这些照片可以用来表达崇高的社会地位。照片制作得越精细,就越能说明它们成本高昂、有利于环保,而且是在权力的帮助下制作的。重要的是,支持环保隐含着一种利他主义和文化资本的意识,从而能够传递地位信号。这些照片有助于地位的强化和竞争,从而催化了作弊和其他偏差摄影行为。而积极的环保捕鸟者形象则反过来证明了这种偏差行为的合理性。挖掘鸟类照片的这种多层面意义可能有助于解释鸟类照片的拍摄和分享,并为鸟类爱好者参与保护地管理提供启示。由于诱饵摄影等偏差行为是由地位信号的愿望驱动的,因此短期内需要对鸟类摄影之旅进行现场管理。从长远来看,重要的是在观鸟旅行团的运营中纳入道德准则,并将遵守道德行为守则作为一种社会优越性做法加以推广。此外,还可以通过为鸟类旅游者创建平台来展示他们的照片并获得认可,从而充分利用社会地位。这可以鼓励知识专家的参与,他们要求在反违规宣传、环境教育和保护地管理中传递身份信号。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the dynamics of co-created camping experiences: Influence of co-production on family cohesion and resilience via place identity 揭示共同创造露营体验的动力:通过地方认同,共同制作对家庭凝聚力和复原力的影响
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100773
You-De Dai , Shih-Shuo Yeh , Minh Cong Nguyen , Chien-Wen Hung , Tzung-Cheng Huan

Camping experiences have long been regarded as transformative, fostering not only a connection to the natural environment but also intricate social dynamics among participants. While existing literature recognizes the significance of camping experiences in shaping individual and collective well-being, there remains a critical research gap regarding the specific influence of campers' co-production on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience. This paper explores the direct positive influence of campers' co-production on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience, while also examining the mediating role of place identity in shaping connections between campers' co-production and family cohesion, as well as resilience. Purposive sampling was utilized to survey voluntary visitors at five representative camping sites across northern, central, and southern Taiwan, resulting in a collection of 826 valid questionnaires. This study finds that campers' co-production has a positive influence on family cohesion, place identity, and resilience. Moreover, campers’ place identity has a positive influence on family cohesion and resilience. Furthermore, the mediating role of place identity in shaping connections between campers' co-production and family cohesion, as well as resilience, is supported. By unraveling these dynamics, the research contributes both theoretical insights into the specific connections within the camping context and practical implications for designing camping programs that enhance familial and individual well-being.

长期以来,露营经历一直被认为是一种变革,它不仅能促进参与者与自然环境的联系,还能促进参与者之间错综复杂的社会动态。虽然现有文献承认露营体验在塑造个人和集体福祉方面的重要意义,但在营员共同生产对家庭凝聚力、地方认同感和复原力的具体影响方面,仍然存在严重的研究空白。本文探讨了营员共同生产对家庭凝聚力、地方认同感和复原力的直接积极影响,同时还研究了地方认同感在营员共同生产与家庭凝聚力和复原力之间形成联系的中介作用。本研究采用有目的抽样法,在台湾北部、中部和南部五个具有代表性的露营地对自愿游客进行调查,共收集到 826 份有效问卷。本研究发现,露营者的共同生产对家庭凝聚力、地方认同和复原力有积极影响。此外,营员的地方认同对家庭凝聚力和复原力也有积极影响。此外,地方认同在形成营员共同生产与家庭凝聚力和复原力之间的联系方面所起的中介作用也得到了支持。通过揭示这些动态关系,这项研究既为露营环境中的具体联系提供了理论见解,也为设计露营项目以提高家庭和个人福祉提供了实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Participatory development and management of eco-cultural trails in sustainable tourism destinations 可持续旅游目的地生态文化路径的参与式开发和管理
IF 3.8 3区 管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2024.100779
Goda Lukoseviciute, Claudia Nunes Henriques, Luís Nobre Pereira, Thomas Panagopoulos

Recent trail development has been motivated by sustainable tourism destination principles, suggesting a paradigm incorporating an eco-cultural trail concept. As with conventional trails, eco-cultural trail destination governance necessitates coordinated development and management of all landscape elements, emphasizing and protecting cultural and natural assets. This research aims to provide a sustainable strategy for developing eco-cultural trails, applying a qualitative approach and stakeholder participation. Two focus groups and a workshop were conducted involving stakeholders representing governmental agencies, private enterprises, academic experts, students, and environmental organizations. A case study trail “Seven Hanging Valleys” was used in this study to develop an eco-cultural trail development and management strategy. Natural and cultural landscapes, trail infrastructure, trail visitor experience, and marketing and collaboration were the examined dimensions. Based on stakeholders’ visions, a destination development and management plan was established, aligning the environmental objectives to preserve natural and cultural assets, with improved overall experience for travellers and the community.

Management implications

  • -

    Community collaboration provides trail managers and policymakers with a framework that identifies the essential levels of investment, programming, and management required to assist trails in becoming more economically and socially driven.

  • -

    The proposed management plan for eco-cultural trails can assist landscape managers with indicated management priorities when developing eco-cultural trails that aim to respect natural and cultural assets and provide memorable trail-related experiences.

  • -

    The process of creating a stakeholders' shared vision for the sustainable development of the trail site provides trail managers with a better understanding of existing and future threats and allows them to future-proof trail maintenance and service plans.

近期的步道开发以可持续旅游目的地原则为动力,提出了一种包含生态文化步道概念的模式。与传统步道一样,生态文化步道目的地治理需要协调发展和管理所有景观要素,强调并保护文化和自然资产。本研究旨在采用定性方法和利益相关者参与的方式,为开发生态文化步道提供可持续战略。研究人员开展了两次焦点小组讨论和一次研讨会,参与方包括政府机构、私营企业、学术专家、学生和环保组织。本研究以 "七悬谷 "步道为案例,制定了生态文化步道开发和管理策略。自然和文化景观、步道基础设施、步道游客体验以及营销和合作是研究的重点。管理意义--社区合作为步道管理者和政策制定者提供了一个框架,确定了投资、规划和管理所需的基本水平,以帮助步道变得更具经济和社会驱动力。拟议的生态文化步道管理计划可帮助景观管理者在开发生态文化步道时明确管理重点,从而尊重自然和文化资产,并提供令人难忘的步道相关体验。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management
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