Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100939
Pauline Metzinger , Jürgen Schmude , Marius Mayer
<div><div>Ski tourism is facing increasing challenges due to climate change and adapting to these changes is particularly imperative for ski areas at lower altitudes. With snowmaking as the primary adaptation for ski areas, knowledge on alternative strategies and their effectiveness to address future climate risks is limited. Furthermore, it remains unclear to what extent, and by which types of ski areas, these alternatives are implemented, and what factors drive or hinder their adoption. To address these research gaps on transformational adaptation of ski areas, we employ a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative survey data (n = 83) and qualitative interview insights (interviews with seven ski area operators) on the case of ski areas and ski lifts in Bavaria (southern Germany). We develop a framework to categorise adaptation measures according to their depth of intervention from inaction to transformation, assess their current implementation status, and group 240 Bavarian ski areas into five distinct clusters.</div><div>Our findings reveal differences among ski area clusters regarding implemented and planned adaptation measures. The clusters comprising smaller, snow-unreliable ski areas exhibit a significant proportion of ski areas with little to no adaptation measures. However, interview insights demonstrate that their unique organisational structures may protect them from severe climate-induced losses, which the literature identifies as an expected consequence of inaction in response to climate change. In contrast, for larger, more snow-reliable ski areas in Bavaria, we observed a relatively strong reliance on coping measures and, unlike findings from other studies, a moderate to strong implementation of transformative adaptations, such as product diversification and year-round operation. Our paper contributes to the literature by integrating the concept of transformation from climate change research to research on ski areas, thereby conceptualising climate change adaptation measures and their potential capacity to address future climate change risks.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>Considering the urgent need for climate adaptation in Bavaria's low-altitude ski areas, this paper highlights the heterogeneity of the region's ski areas and ski lifts, underscoring significant variations in their size and climatic conditions. By introducing a framework for categorising adaptation measures, it demonstrates that adaptation measures for ski infrastructure vary in how much they modify existing systems.</div><div>The analysis of currently implemented or planned adaptation measures among Bavarian ski areas and ski lifts reveals significant differences between the surveyed clusters regarding the types and extent of adaptation efforts. Understanding the diversity of ski infrastructure in Bavaria, the varying levels of intervention associated with different adaptation options, as well as the empirical analysis of the status qu
{"title":"Classifying climate change adaptation measures for ski areas and ski lifts – The case of Bavaria, Germany","authors":"Pauline Metzinger , Jürgen Schmude , Marius Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ski tourism is facing increasing challenges due to climate change and adapting to these changes is particularly imperative for ski areas at lower altitudes. With snowmaking as the primary adaptation for ski areas, knowledge on alternative strategies and their effectiveness to address future climate risks is limited. Furthermore, it remains unclear to what extent, and by which types of ski areas, these alternatives are implemented, and what factors drive or hinder their adoption. To address these research gaps on transformational adaptation of ski areas, we employ a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative survey data (n = 83) and qualitative interview insights (interviews with seven ski area operators) on the case of ski areas and ski lifts in Bavaria (southern Germany). We develop a framework to categorise adaptation measures according to their depth of intervention from inaction to transformation, assess their current implementation status, and group 240 Bavarian ski areas into five distinct clusters.</div><div>Our findings reveal differences among ski area clusters regarding implemented and planned adaptation measures. The clusters comprising smaller, snow-unreliable ski areas exhibit a significant proportion of ski areas with little to no adaptation measures. However, interview insights demonstrate that their unique organisational structures may protect them from severe climate-induced losses, which the literature identifies as an expected consequence of inaction in response to climate change. In contrast, for larger, more snow-reliable ski areas in Bavaria, we observed a relatively strong reliance on coping measures and, unlike findings from other studies, a moderate to strong implementation of transformative adaptations, such as product diversification and year-round operation. Our paper contributes to the literature by integrating the concept of transformation from climate change research to research on ski areas, thereby conceptualising climate change adaptation measures and their potential capacity to address future climate change risks.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>Considering the urgent need for climate adaptation in Bavaria's low-altitude ski areas, this paper highlights the heterogeneity of the region's ski areas and ski lifts, underscoring significant variations in their size and climatic conditions. By introducing a framework for categorising adaptation measures, it demonstrates that adaptation measures for ski infrastructure vary in how much they modify existing systems.</div><div>The analysis of currently implemented or planned adaptation measures among Bavarian ski areas and ski lifts reveals significant differences between the surveyed clusters regarding the types and extent of adaptation efforts. Understanding the diversity of ski infrastructure in Bavaria, the varying levels of intervention associated with different adaptation options, as well as the empirical analysis of the status qu","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100954
Lenglengman Rovaniyaw, Yu-Shu Peng
Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) have become a significant yet understudied group in Indigenous tourism. This study investigates WHMs on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, focusing on how their motivations shape environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), social interaction, and place attachment. Data were collected through 27 semi-structured interviews and participant observation during the summers of 2022 and 2023.
Using Alderfer's Existence–Relatedness–Growth (ERG) theory, the study develops a motivation-based typology comprising five WHM types: transactional-, spiritual-, humanistic-, ecological-, and holistic-oriented. Findings reveal substantial diversity: holistic-oriented WHMs, motivated by both ecological and humanistic concerns, demonstrated the strongest cultural sensitivity, place attachment, and ERB. In contrast, transactional- and spiritual-oriented WHMs engaged minimally with Tao lifeways or ecological initiatives, while humanistic- and ecological-oriented WHMs displayed moderate involvement.
By situating WHMs as ethically embedded participants rather than transient laborers, the study reframes their roles in Indigenous tourism. Results highlight how relational immersion, ecological participation, and respect for cultural protocols can transform pragmatic or escapist motivations into growth-oriented commitments. This perspective advances visitor typology debates, contributes to Indigenous tourism scholarship, and provides practical insights for cultivating sustainable, Indigenous-led tourism.
{"title":"Working Holiday Makers and sustainable Indigenous tourism: A motivational typology approach","authors":"Lenglengman Rovaniyaw, Yu-Shu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) have become a significant yet understudied group in Indigenous tourism. This study investigates WHMs on Lanyu (Orchid Island), Taiwan, focusing on how their motivations shape environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), social interaction, and place attachment. Data were collected through 27 semi-structured interviews and participant observation during the summers of 2022 and 2023.</div><div>Using Alderfer's Existence–Relatedness–Growth (ERG) theory, the study develops a motivation-based typology comprising five WHM types: transactional-, spiritual-, humanistic-, ecological-, and holistic-oriented. Findings reveal substantial diversity: holistic-oriented WHMs, motivated by both ecological and humanistic concerns, demonstrated the strongest cultural sensitivity, place attachment, and ERB. In contrast, transactional- and spiritual-oriented WHMs engaged minimally with Tao lifeways or ecological initiatives, while humanistic- and ecological-oriented WHMs displayed moderate involvement.</div><div>By situating WHMs as ethically embedded participants rather than transient laborers, the study reframes their roles in Indigenous tourism. Results highlight how relational immersion, ecological participation, and respect for cultural protocols can transform pragmatic or escapist motivations into growth-oriented commitments. This perspective advances visitor typology debates, contributes to Indigenous tourism scholarship, and provides practical insights for cultivating sustainable, Indigenous-led tourism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100942
Yen Chen Huang , Yi Hsien Lin
This study aims to develop a theoretical model delineating the components of activity attachment and their impact on the responsible behavior of anglers at the sea-fishing demonstration area located on the northern breakwater of Taichung Port, Taiwan. Utilizing systematic sampling, a total of 482 valid responses were collected, with statistical analyses conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 24 and AMOS 24 for Windows. The findings indicated that cognitive attachment to angling activities exhibited no significant influence on all domains of on-site environmental behavior, whereas affective and behavioral attachment to angling activities correlated positively with sustainable, pro-environmental, and environmentally friendly angling behaviors. This study developed a theoretical model to examine the relationship between activity attachment and on-site responsible behavior, providing both practical implications for fishing site management and contributing to the broader research on marine recreational activities.
{"title":"Examining the influence of activity attachment on responsible angling behavior: Insights from anglers at a friendly fishing demonstration site","authors":"Yen Chen Huang , Yi Hsien Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a theoretical model delineating the components of activity attachment and their impact on the responsible behavior of anglers at the sea-fishing demonstration area located on the northern breakwater of Taichung Port, Taiwan. Utilizing systematic sampling, a total of 482 valid responses were collected, with statistical analyses conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 24 and AMOS 24 for Windows. The findings indicated that cognitive attachment to angling activities exhibited no significant influence on all domains of on-site environmental behavior, whereas affective and behavioral attachment to angling activities correlated positively with sustainable, pro-environmental, and environmentally friendly angling behaviors. This study developed a theoretical model to examine the relationship between activity attachment and on-site responsible behavior, providing both practical implications for fishing site management and contributing to the broader research on marine recreational activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944
Xiao Xiao , Peizhe Li , Steven Lawson
The US National Park Service (NPS) preserves the natural and historical legacy of the country. However, visitation and awareness about NPS units are disproportionate to the demographics of the American public. To bridge this gap, the NPS implemented educational, cultural, and recreational programs, but their effectiveness and outreach to different socio-economic groups are not fully documented in the literature. This study used a nationwide general population survey data (n = 1,334) to investigate the awareness about NPS initiatives among different racial/ethnic groups and identified factors associated with awareness about NPS programs. Results indicated that public awareness of NPS education and recreation programs was generally low, particularly among Black respondents. Visitation status, spatial accessibility, education, age, and annual household income were important factors influencing awareness of NPS programs. Study findings highlighted the importance of NPS initiatives and identified strategies to enhance the relevance of NPS stewardship with the changing American demographic.
{"title":"A nationwide assessment of awareness about US national parks","authors":"Xiao Xiao , Peizhe Li , Steven Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The US National Park Service (NPS) preserves the natural and historical legacy of the country. However, visitation and awareness about NPS units are disproportionate to the demographics of the American public. To bridge this gap, the NPS implemented educational, cultural, and recreational programs, but their effectiveness and outreach to different socio-economic groups are not fully documented in the literature. This study used a nationwide general population survey data (n = 1,334) to investigate the awareness about NPS initiatives among different racial/ethnic groups and identified factors associated with awareness about NPS programs. Results indicated that public awareness of NPS education and recreation programs was generally low, particularly among Black respondents. Visitation status, spatial accessibility, education, age, and annual household income were important factors influencing awareness of NPS programs. Study findings highlighted the importance of NPS initiatives and identified strategies to enhance the relevance of NPS stewardship with the changing American demographic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100943
Sarah Grocutt, Colin Wood
Background
There is little research on women who undertake solo pilgrimage walking.
Purpose
This study examined the experiences of women who undertake solo pilgrimage walking, and to consider its impact on their wellbeing.
Methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with eight solo female walkers who had walked between 200 and 1662 km on the via Francigena pilgrimage route. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the data and draw tentative conclusions.
Findings/conclusions
The study finds that the walkers were seeking solitude, seeking adventure, seeking connection to others, and seeking connection to themselves. The study concludes that solo pilgrimage walking improved participants’ sense of wellbeing by building identity and resilience, and that the search for community was an important part of solo pilgrimage walking experience.
Implications
The study highlights that and that solo pilgrimage walking can be seen as a source of wellbeing as it appears to be a means to release tension, process grief and engage in physical movement that creates a meditative and reflective state.
{"title":"Walking with purpose – Eight solo women's pilgrimage hiking and wellbeing experiences on the via Francigena","authors":"Sarah Grocutt, Colin Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is little research on women who undertake solo pilgrimage walking.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study examined the experiences of women who undertake solo pilgrimage walking, and to consider its impact on their wellbeing.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology/approach</h3><div>Interviews were conducted with eight solo female walkers who had walked between 200 and 1662 km on the via Francigena pilgrimage route. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the data and draw tentative conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Findings/conclusions</h3><div>The study finds that the walkers were seeking solitude, seeking adventure, seeking connection to others, and seeking connection to themselves. The study concludes that solo pilgrimage walking improved participants’ sense of wellbeing by building identity and resilience, and that the search for community was an important part of solo pilgrimage walking experience.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The study highlights that and that solo pilgrimage walking can be seen as a source of wellbeing as it appears to be a means to release tension, process grief and engage in physical movement that creates a meditative and reflective state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100945
Emily A. Shirilla
Cultural landscapes are increasingly at risk of damage due to growing recreation tourism activity. This is especially true for public parks and protected areas due to their popularity for hiking, camping, rock climbing, and other activities. Rockshelters often hold valuable archaeological artifacts telling of past peoples and their lifestyle. These cultural landscapes hold contemporary importance to culturally affiliated Indigenous descendant communities as well as recreationists. In Kentucky's Red River Gorge Geological Area, hundreds of cultural sites have been impacted by visitors who may or may not be aware of the full consequences of their activities. This paper presents a review of histories of use in this area. It defines human impacts by developing a risk assessment model that investigates the relationship between destructive impacts to rockshelter sites and patterns in tourist behavior. The model is informed by Forest Service site data and consists of a series of geographic information system-derived variables assessing the impacts of distance and visibility on rockshelter disturbance. This model can be used to inform future heritage and conservation planning.
{"title":"Sheltered in place: Risk assessment modeling and proposed action in the Red River Gorge","authors":"Emily A. Shirilla","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural landscapes are increasingly at risk of damage due to growing recreation tourism activity. This is especially true for public parks and protected areas due to their popularity for hiking, camping, rock climbing, and other activities. Rockshelters often hold valuable archaeological artifacts telling of past peoples and their lifestyle. These cultural landscapes hold contemporary importance to culturally affiliated Indigenous descendant communities as well as recreationists. In Kentucky's Red River Gorge Geological Area, hundreds of cultural sites have been impacted by visitors who may or may not be aware of the full consequences of their activities. This paper presents a review of histories of use in this area. It defines human impacts by developing a risk assessment model that investigates the relationship between destructive impacts to rockshelter sites and patterns in tourist behavior. The model is informed by Forest Service site data and consists of a series of geographic information system-derived variables assessing the impacts of distance and visibility on rockshelter disturbance. This model can be used to inform future heritage and conservation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study quantifies the economic impact of the Peaks of the Balkans (PoB) Trail, a 192 km transnational hiking trail in Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro, on rural mountain regions in the post-pandemic Anthropocene. Using Hubert Job's Value-Added Analysis (VAA), the research integrates electronic visitor counting (2024) and expenditure surveys (2023) to estimate visitor numbers, spending patterns, and primary and secondary local income effects. Results show approximately 43,075 hikers annually, with an average daily expenditure of EUR 73.93 per person. The trail generates an estimated EUR 25.48 million in gross annual turnover, contributing EUR 16.28 million in local income effects and supporting the equivalent of 1380 full-time jobs. The findings highlight the PoB Trail's role in driving rural economic development through tourism revenue, job creation, and infrastructure improvements. Building on the adapted methodology, a transferable and cost-efficient model is presented for evaluating the economic effects of long-distance trails on rural communities in emerging economies.The case of the PoB trail exemplifies how long-distance trail destinations can transform local economies while promoting regional cooperation and resilience in the post-pandemic Anthropocene, offering insights into evolving hiker mobilities driven by an intensified desire for nature-based experiences during that period and reinforcing the significance of long-distance trails as both economic assets and a form of movement heritage.
{"title":"Economic impacts of trail destinations: The case of the Peaks of the Balkans trail","authors":"Simon Reuter , Tessa Kemmerling , Theresa Schmalenbach , Claudia Brözel","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the economic impact of the Peaks of the Balkans (PoB) Trail, a 192 km transnational hiking trail in Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro, on rural mountain regions in the post-pandemic Anthropocene. Using Hubert Job's Value-Added Analysis (VAA), the research integrates electronic visitor counting (2024) and expenditure surveys (2023) to estimate visitor numbers, spending patterns, and primary and secondary local income effects. Results show approximately 43,075 hikers annually, with an average daily expenditure of EUR 73.93 per person. The trail generates an estimated EUR 25.48 million in gross annual turnover, contributing EUR 16.28 million in local income effects and supporting the equivalent of 1380 full-time jobs. The findings highlight the PoB Trail's role in driving rural economic development through tourism revenue, job creation, and infrastructure improvements. Building on the adapted methodology, a transferable and cost-efficient model is presented for evaluating the economic effects of long-distance trails on rural communities in emerging economies.The case of the PoB trail exemplifies how long-distance trail destinations can transform local economies while promoting regional cooperation and resilience in the post-pandemic Anthropocene, offering insights into evolving hiker mobilities driven by an intensified desire for nature-based experiences during that period and reinforcing the significance of long-distance trails as both economic assets and a form of movement heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100934
Tim de Kruiff , Thomas Lundhede , Frank Søndergaard Jensen , Christian Gamborg , Jette Bredahl Jacobsen
Grazing and browsing by large herbivores is increasingly being used as a management tool to promote biodiversity. While research has explored their ecological impact, less attention has been given to their effects on the recreational value of nature areas. Given the importance of outdoor recreation for societal welfare, it is crucial to understand how the presence of large herbivores affect recreationists and whether potential negative effects can be mitigated. In a discrete choice experiment among nearly 2900 respondents in Denmark, we investigate the impact of the presence of herbivores and fences on the recreational value of forests. Based on multinomial and mixed logit models, we show that the tree species type, stand age structure, herbivore species, dog access, the number of access roads through a fence and distance significantly influence willingness to travel, whereas the type of access point and fence height are only of limited importance. Herbivore species differ in their impact, with red deer being the most preferred and domesticated livestock least favored. Using a latent class model, we show a minority (11 %) of respondents strongly preferring to visit a forest without large herbivores and fences, while the majority show a positive preference. The results also show that allowing dogs to the forest is crucial for approximately 15 % of respondents. In conclusion, we find that the presence of herbivores and related consequences for access and fencing leads to an aggregated welfare loss for a minority of the population, whereas the majority experience a welfare gain.
{"title":"Rewilding and forest recreational value: A choice experiment analysis of the impact of large herbivores and fences in nature management","authors":"Tim de Kruiff , Thomas Lundhede , Frank Søndergaard Jensen , Christian Gamborg , Jette Bredahl Jacobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grazing and browsing by large herbivores is increasingly being used as a management tool to promote biodiversity. While research has explored their ecological impact, less attention has been given to their effects on the recreational value of nature areas. Given the importance of outdoor recreation for societal welfare, it is crucial to understand how the presence of large herbivores affect recreationists and whether potential negative effects can be mitigated. In a discrete choice experiment among nearly 2900 respondents in Denmark, we investigate the impact of the presence of herbivores and fences on the recreational value of forests. Based on multinomial and mixed logit models, we show that the tree species type, stand age structure, herbivore species, dog access, the number of access roads through a fence and distance significantly influence willingness to travel, whereas the type of access point and fence height are only of limited importance. Herbivore species differ in their impact, with red deer being the most preferred and domesticated livestock least favored. Using a latent class model, we show a minority (11 %) of respondents strongly preferring to visit a forest without large herbivores and fences, while the majority show a positive preference. The results also show that allowing dogs to the forest is crucial for approximately 15 % of respondents. In conclusion, we find that the presence of herbivores and related consequences for access and fencing leads to an aggregated welfare loss for a minority of the population, whereas the majority experience a welfare gain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100937
Andrea Mannberg , Maria Johansson , Eeva Latosuo
Snow and avalanche safety is a male dominated field. The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge on the gendered conditions and the prerequisites this poses for snow and avalanche safety professionals, and to shed light on why relatively few women enter and stay in the industry. Our analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data from a survey sent out to avalanche professionals in North America, Continental Europe, and Scandinavia. We inductively coded and categorized responses to open-ended questions into themes based on patterns and commonalities, using a content analysis. We find that avalanche work requires a wide skill set - skills that are traditionally associated with men as well as skills that are traditionally associated with women, and that our participants think that increased diversity at large would benefit the industry. However, our data also reveal persisting cultural and structural gender barriers that make it more difficult for women and non-binary individuals to enter and thrive in the industry compared to men. We discuss management implications that can help make the industry better for all.
{"title":"Exploring the gendered landscape of the avalanche safety industry – barriers, benefits and potential drawbacks of professional diversity","authors":"Andrea Mannberg , Maria Johansson , Eeva Latosuo","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snow and avalanche safety is a male dominated field. The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge on the gendered conditions and the prerequisites this poses for snow and avalanche safety professionals, and to shed light on why relatively few women enter and stay in the industry. Our analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data from a survey sent out to avalanche professionals in North America, Continental Europe, and Scandinavia. We inductively coded and categorized responses to open-ended questions into themes based on patterns and commonalities, using a content analysis. We find that avalanche work requires a wide skill set - skills that are traditionally associated with men as well as skills that are traditionally associated with women, and that our participants think that increased diversity at large would benefit the industry. However, our data also reveal persisting cultural and structural gender barriers that make it more difficult for women and non-binary individuals to enter and thrive in the industry compared to men. We discuss management implications that can help make the industry better for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100938
Erin Vaughn, John Quinn
Parks, preserves, and other greenspaces provide diverse amenities to humans and habitats for wildlife and biodiversity. However, anthropogenic disturbances, including noise, from outdoor recreation can negatively impact biodiversity. Soundscape analyses using passive acoustic monitoring provides a scalable assessment of the drivers and impacts of noise on biodiversity along recreation trails. While there is acoustic data on the effects of roads on wildlife, there is less work on the effects of noise from recreation trails. To address this gap we collected acoustic data and calculated acoustic indices at Conestee Nature Preserve, a peri-urban recreational space, to evaluate the biophony at locations on recreational trails and away from trails. Acoustic index values differed between locations with and without foot traffic indicating an influence of recreation on the wildlife, biodiversity, and the acoustic environment more broadly. These data demonstrate that acoustic monitoring provides actionable insight for recreation managers interested in the biodiversity value and impacts of walking rails. In addition, these data suggest that trail use management should consider mechanisms to protect acoustic environments preferred by wildlife and humans.
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