Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100914
Kelsey M. Johansen , Raynald Harvey Lemelin
<div><div>Outdoor recreation voluntary associations (ORVAs) such as mountain biking associations play vital roles in the creation, management, and upkeep of trail systems in North America. While research on ORVAs has expanded in the last decade, studies have not sufficiently examined the challenges presented by the impacts of climate disruption on ORVAs, including increased demands on volunteers and event cancellations, nor the potential long-term impacts on the viability of trail-based activities coordinated by ORVAs. Based on interviews and surveys conducted in Northwestern Ontario (NWO) and Northeastern Minnesota (NEM), this study aimed to 1) ascertain the extent of fat biking participation in NWO and NEM and the ridership profiles of those engaged in this recreational activity, 2) assess their levels of engagement as volunteers within local ORVAs, 3) assess their willingness to volunteer in the future, and 4) explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the inclusion of fat biking as a climate change adaptive strategy within regional recreation offerings. Findings revealed that while fat bikers appreciated the volunteer efforts of trail groomers and event/race coordinators more than forty percent were unlikely to volunteer with local ORVAs. Existing ORVA volunteers reported higher demands on their time during heavy snow seasons, as well as burnout associated with a lack of volunteer recruitment and retention strategies. With climate disruption trends expected to continue, Mountain Biking ORVAs (MB-ORVAs) must proactively manage associated and compounded challenges by developing seasonal trail grooming and volunteer recruitment, management, and retention strategies and should consider rotating co-hosting duties for collaborative fat bike events to ensure the provision of safe and well-groomed trails, and regularly occurring events, which support the continued development and growth of regional winter fat biking engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Statement of management implications</h3><div>By highlighting how fat biking is employed to provide year-round trail riding opportunities, this study expands on current understandings of Mountain Biking Outdoor Recreation Voluntary Associations (MB-ORVAs) in the U.S. and Canada. MB-ORVAs must proactively manage the challenges associated with climate disruptions and the increased demand placed on volunteer groomers and administrative capacities. MB-ORVAs should:<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Continually assess fat bikers' perceptions of natural resource conditions (e.g., snow volume, frequency and severity of snow fall, depth of snowpack, etc.) within provided recreation settings, and the individual adaptive strategies fat bikers and other outdoor recreationists employ when faced with suboptimal conditions;</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Assess the impact of fat bikers' perceptions of natural resource conditions and the severity of climate disruptions on their willingness to vo
{"title":"Is winter coming? Outdoor recreation voluntary associations and fat biking in Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Minnesota","authors":"Kelsey M. Johansen , Raynald Harvey Lemelin","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outdoor recreation voluntary associations (ORVAs) such as mountain biking associations play vital roles in the creation, management, and upkeep of trail systems in North America. While research on ORVAs has expanded in the last decade, studies have not sufficiently examined the challenges presented by the impacts of climate disruption on ORVAs, including increased demands on volunteers and event cancellations, nor the potential long-term impacts on the viability of trail-based activities coordinated by ORVAs. Based on interviews and surveys conducted in Northwestern Ontario (NWO) and Northeastern Minnesota (NEM), this study aimed to 1) ascertain the extent of fat biking participation in NWO and NEM and the ridership profiles of those engaged in this recreational activity, 2) assess their levels of engagement as volunteers within local ORVAs, 3) assess their willingness to volunteer in the future, and 4) explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the inclusion of fat biking as a climate change adaptive strategy within regional recreation offerings. Findings revealed that while fat bikers appreciated the volunteer efforts of trail groomers and event/race coordinators more than forty percent were unlikely to volunteer with local ORVAs. Existing ORVA volunteers reported higher demands on their time during heavy snow seasons, as well as burnout associated with a lack of volunteer recruitment and retention strategies. With climate disruption trends expected to continue, Mountain Biking ORVAs (MB-ORVAs) must proactively manage associated and compounded challenges by developing seasonal trail grooming and volunteer recruitment, management, and retention strategies and should consider rotating co-hosting duties for collaborative fat bike events to ensure the provision of safe and well-groomed trails, and regularly occurring events, which support the continued development and growth of regional winter fat biking engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Statement of management implications</h3><div>By highlighting how fat biking is employed to provide year-round trail riding opportunities, this study expands on current understandings of Mountain Biking Outdoor Recreation Voluntary Associations (MB-ORVAs) in the U.S. and Canada. MB-ORVAs must proactively manage the challenges associated with climate disruptions and the increased demand placed on volunteer groomers and administrative capacities. MB-ORVAs should:<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Continually assess fat bikers' perceptions of natural resource conditions (e.g., snow volume, frequency and severity of snow fall, depth of snowpack, etc.) within provided recreation settings, and the individual adaptive strategies fat bikers and other outdoor recreationists employ when faced with suboptimal conditions;</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Assess the impact of fat bikers' perceptions of natural resource conditions and the severity of climate disruptions on their willingness to vo","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100976
Vanessa Teles da Mota , Estela Farías-Torbidoni , Catherine Pickering
National parks are popular destinations for tourism and recreation. Managing visitors to such parks is important, including assessing where people go and when, and what biodiversity they value. Traditional on-site methods are starting to be complemented with online user-created content, and this could include data from iNaturalist, a massively popular (>8 million users) biodiversity citizen science platform. To assess if iNaturalist data can provide insights into visitation to parks with a wide range of types of landscapes, metadata consisting of 96,070 observations on iNaturalist posted by 5378 people, posting geolocated in the National Parks Network in Spain (2015–2024) were downloaded and analyzed. Visitors' spatial distribution on and off-trails varied among the 16 national parks, with a strong positive correlation with the total distance of trails per national park (Spearman's rs = 0.94, p = < 0.001). Monthly patterns of visitation based on iNaturalist metadata were similar to official records (Spearman's rs = 0.69, p = 0.005) as was the spatial distribution of observations per national park was correlated to the relative number of visits per km2 (Spearman's rs = 0.51, p = 0.004). Plants (52 %), birds (22 %) and insects (12 %) were the most common biodiversity recorded on iNaturalist, including national parks in mainland Spain and in the Canary Islands. Although there are some important limitations with online user-created content, the utility of iNaturalist can be extended to complementing on-site visitation assessment methods, helping managers and researchers to expand the types of visitor data they can access, including spatiotemporal patterns of visitation and biodiversity values at a national scale.
国家公园是旅游和娱乐的热门目的地。管理这些公园的游客很重要，包括评估人们去哪里、什么时候去，以及他们重视的生物多样性。传统的现场方法开始被在线用户创建的内容所补充，这可能包括来自iNaturalist的数据，iNaturalist是一个非常受欢迎的（800万用户）生物多样性公民科学平台。为了评估iNaturalist数据是否可以提供对具有各种景观类型的公园的参观情况的见解，下载并分析了5378人在iNaturalist上发布的96,070条观察数据，这些数据位于西班牙国家公园网络（2015-2024）。游客在步道内外的空间分布在16个国家公园之间存在差异，且与每个国家公园的步道总距离呈正相关（Spearman’s rs = 0.94, p = < 0.001）。基于iNaturalist元数据的月访问模式与官方记录相似（Spearman’s rs = 0.69, p = 0.005），每个国家公园的观测空间分布与每平方公里的相对访问量相关（Spearman’s rs = 0.51, p = 0.004）。植物（52%）、鸟类（22%）和昆虫（12%）是iNaturalist网站记录的最常见的生物多样性，包括西班牙大陆和加那利群岛的国家公园。尽管在线用户创建内容存在一些重要的局限性，但iNaturalist的效用可以扩展到补充现场访问评估方法，帮助管理人员和研究人员扩展他们可以访问的访客数据类型，包括访问的时空模式和国家尺度的生物多样性价值。
{"title":"Visitation to National Parks: Harnessing user-created content from a citizen science platform to assess temporal and spatial patterns in tourism and recreation","authors":"Vanessa Teles da Mota , Estela Farías-Torbidoni , Catherine Pickering","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>National parks are popular destinations for tourism and recreation. Managing visitors to such parks is important, including assessing where people go and when, and what biodiversity they value. Traditional on-site methods are starting to be complemented with online user-created content, and this could include data from iNaturalist, a massively popular (>8 million users) biodiversity citizen science platform. To assess if iNaturalist data can provide insights into visitation to parks with a wide range of types of landscapes, metadata consisting of 96,070 observations on iNaturalist posted by 5378 people, posting geolocated in the National Parks Network in Spain (2015–2024) were downloaded and analyzed. Visitors' spatial distribution on and off-trails varied among the 16 national parks, with a strong positive correlation with the total distance of trails per national park (Spearman's r<sub>s</sub> = 0.94, p = < 0.001). Monthly patterns of visitation based on iNaturalist metadata were similar to official records (Spearman's r<sub>s</sub> = 0.69, p = 0.005) as was the spatial distribution of observations per national park was correlated to the relative number of visits per km<sup>2</sup> (Spearman's r<sub>s</sub> = 0.51, p = 0.004). Plants (52 %), birds (22 %) and insects (12 %) were the most common biodiversity recorded on iNaturalist, including national parks in mainland Spain and in the Canary Islands. Although there are some important limitations with online user-created content, the utility of iNaturalist can be extended to complementing on-site visitation assessment methods, helping managers and researchers to expand the types of visitor data they can access, including spatiotemporal patterns of visitation and biodiversity values at a national scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944
Xiao Xiao , Peizhe Li , Steven Lawson
The US National Park Service (NPS) preserves the natural and historical legacy of the country. However, visitation and awareness about NPS units are disproportionate to the demographics of the American public. To bridge this gap, the NPS implemented educational, cultural, and recreational programs, but their effectiveness and outreach to different socio-economic groups are not fully documented in the literature. This study used a nationwide general population survey data (n = 1,334) to investigate the awareness about NPS initiatives among different racial/ethnic groups and identified factors associated with awareness about NPS programs. Results indicated that public awareness of NPS education and recreation programs was generally low, particularly among Black respondents. Visitation status, spatial accessibility, education, age, and annual household income were important factors influencing awareness of NPS programs. Study findings highlighted the importance of NPS initiatives and identified strategies to enhance the relevance of NPS stewardship with the changing American demographic.
{"title":"A nationwide assessment of awareness about US national parks","authors":"Xiao Xiao , Peizhe Li , Steven Lawson","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The US National Park Service (NPS) preserves the natural and historical legacy of the country. However, visitation and awareness about NPS units are disproportionate to the demographics of the American public. To bridge this gap, the NPS implemented educational, cultural, and recreational programs, but their effectiveness and outreach to different socio-economic groups are not fully documented in the literature. This study used a nationwide general population survey data (n = 1,334) to investigate the awareness about NPS initiatives among different racial/ethnic groups and identified factors associated with awareness about NPS programs. Results indicated that public awareness of NPS education and recreation programs was generally low, particularly among Black respondents. Visitation status, spatial accessibility, education, age, and annual household income were important factors influencing awareness of NPS programs. Study findings highlighted the importance of NPS initiatives and identified strategies to enhance the relevance of NPS stewardship with the changing American demographic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100941
Michaela Žoncová, Bohuslava Hrončeková Gregorová, Matej Masný
The fragile alpine landscape is highly susceptible to degradation due to extreme natural conditions. An increasing number of tourists may result in additional damage, but better tools are needed to track and report it. This article documents the tourist-driven degradation of the alpine mountain area of the Low Tatras National Park (Dumbierske Tatras) in Slovakia. Easy ridge hiking trails with beautiful views and easy access to the ridge by cable car are the main attraction for tourists in this location. The main objectives of the paper are (1) to demonstrate a novel method for trail damage identification and (2) to provide a case study for a high-alpine landscape. This article compares hiking degradation from before (2018) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) using a Maximum Likelihood Classification GIS method. This workflow detected that new parallel trails, shortcuts, or trails to viewpoints are being created. Over two years, the trampled area increased by more than 30 % in most of study areas, leading to subsoil exposition and the loss of soil and vegetation cover. The research workflow can serve as input data for better management of the area and strategic planning of tourism development to reduce the impacts of hiking degradation on the landscape.
{"title":"Hiking-related degradation of alpine landscape in Low Tatras national park (Slovakia) during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Michaela Žoncová, Bohuslava Hrončeková Gregorová, Matej Masný","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fragile alpine landscape is highly susceptible to degradation due to extreme natural conditions. An increasing number of tourists may result in additional damage, but better tools are needed to track and report it. This article documents the tourist-driven degradation of the alpine mountain area of the Low Tatras National Park (Dumbierske Tatras) in Slovakia. Easy ridge hiking trails with beautiful views and easy access to the ridge by cable car are the main attraction for tourists in this location. The main objectives of the paper are (1) to demonstrate a novel method for trail damage identification and (2) to provide a case study for a high-alpine landscape. This article compares hiking degradation from before (2018) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) using a Maximum Likelihood Classification GIS method. This workflow detected that new parallel trails, shortcuts, or trails to viewpoints are being created. Over two years, the trampled area increased by more than 30 % in most of study areas, leading to subsoil exposition and the loss of soil and vegetation cover. The research workflow can serve as input data for better management of the area and strategic planning of tourism development to reduce the impacts of hiking degradation on the landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100892
Anneliese Neweduk, Pascal Haegeli
Following best practices from risk communication research, there are growing efforts to better understand avalanche forecast users and find opportunities to improve the effectiveness of avalanche safety information products and services. While motivations are a well-established topic in the recreation literature, the avalanche safety community has so far only paid limited attention to this dimension of their target community. The objective of this study is to examine 1) the importance of different motivations related to the types of experiences recreationists seek in the winter backcountry, 2) whether we can identify distinct motivation profiles among our sample of backcountry recreationists, and 3) how these motivations relate to other measures of backcountry and avalanche safety practices such as preferred backcountry terrain, level of formal avalanche safety training, and primary winter backcountry activity.
Drawing from the avalanche forecast research panels of the Euregio and Swiss Avalanche Warning Services, we examined patterns in 15 motivation items among 2121 European winter backcountry recreationists. Overall, we found a clear hierarchy of motivations from least to most important. While the motivations vary on a continuum, we identified six clusters with distinct motivation patterns using a k-means approach: the Overall Keeners, Less Enthusiastic, Serenity Seekers, Skills Focused, Summit Focused, and Challenge & Risk Minded. Our analyses of the relationships between motivations, terrain preferences, avalanche safety training level, and primary winter backcountry activity show the expected patterns but also highlight the wide range of motivational patterns that exist across the community and warrant a more comprehensive characterization beyond the traditional focus on backcountry activity and avalanche safety training level. Our results provide initial practical insights into how knowledge of recreationists’ motivations and preferences can be leveraged to design more targeted avalanche safety products and services intended to resonate better with the motivations, needs, and capabilities of different audiences.
{"title":"Exploring motivations of winter backcountry recreationists in support of avalanche risk communication","authors":"Anneliese Neweduk, Pascal Haegeli","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following best practices from risk communication research, there are growing efforts to better understand avalanche forecast users and find opportunities to improve the effectiveness of avalanche safety information products and services. While motivations are a well-established topic in the recreation literature, the avalanche safety community has so far only paid limited attention to this dimension of their target community. The objective of this study is to examine 1) the importance of different motivations related to the types of experiences recreationists seek in the winter backcountry, 2) whether we can identify distinct motivation profiles among our sample of backcountry recreationists, and 3) how these motivations relate to other measures of backcountry and avalanche safety practices such as preferred backcountry terrain, level of formal avalanche safety training, and primary winter backcountry activity.</div><div>Drawing from the avalanche forecast research panels of the Euregio and Swiss Avalanche Warning Services, we examined patterns in 15 motivation items among 2121 European winter backcountry recreationists. Overall, we found a clear hierarchy of motivations from least to most important. While the motivations vary on a continuum, we identified six clusters with distinct motivation patterns using a k-means approach: the <em>Overall Keeners, Less Enthusiastic, Serenity Seekers</em>, <em>Skills Focused, Summit Focused,</em> and <em>Challenge & Risk Minded</em>. Our analyses of the relationships between motivations, terrain preferences, avalanche safety training level, and primary winter backcountry activity show the expected patterns but also highlight the wide range of motivational patterns that exist across the community and warrant a more comprehensive characterization beyond the traditional focus on backcountry activity and avalanche safety training level. Our results provide initial practical insights into how knowledge of recreationists’ motivations and preferences can be leveraged to design more targeted avalanche safety products and services intended to resonate better with the motivations, needs, and capabilities of different audiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100978
Kerstin Heuwinkel , Markus Pillmayer
This research note explores the evolution of women's engagement in outdoor activities, tracing its origins to the 19th century when hiking was a feminist act, challenging societal conventions. Today, women actively participate in pursuits such as hiking and mountaineering yet face increasing incidents of various forms of gender-based violence (GBV), highlighted in recent media coverage. This note addresses four research questions: 1) Which forms of sexism, sexual harassment and sexual assault (SHSA), and GBV exist in hiking? 2) How do (solo) female hikers articulate sexism, gender-based risk and violence? 3) Which issues remain unspoken or underrepresented? 4) How do female (solo) hikers manage gender-based risks? The research note includes a literature review and a content analysis of female hiker blogs to structure initial findings. The text emphasizes the need for comprehensive research strategies focusing on gender dynamics, power and hidden structures in outdoor sport. In addition, we are proposing a framework to address the rise in (solo) female hiking, underscoring the importance of fostering safe, transparent environments in the outdoor sector.
{"title":"#MeToo in hiking activities – Which risks exist for (solo) female hikers? Methodological reflections to approach sexual harassment and gender-based violence","authors":"Kerstin Heuwinkel , Markus Pillmayer","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research note explores the evolution of women's engagement in outdoor activities, tracing its origins to the 19th century when hiking was a feminist act, challenging societal conventions. Today, women actively participate in pursuits such as hiking and mountaineering yet face increasing incidents of various forms of gender-based violence (GBV), highlighted in recent media coverage. This note addresses four research questions: 1) Which forms of sexism, sexual harassment and sexual assault (SHSA), and GBV exist in hiking? 2) How do (solo) female hikers articulate sexism, gender-based risk and violence? 3) Which issues remain unspoken or underrepresented? 4) How do female (solo) hikers manage gender-based risks? The research note includes a literature review and a content analysis of female hiker blogs to structure initial findings. The text emphasizes the need for comprehensive research strategies focusing on gender dynamics, power and hidden structures in outdoor sport. In addition, we are proposing a framework to address the rise in (solo) female hiking, underscoring the importance of fostering safe, transparent environments in the outdoor sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145416578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100974
I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Ari Rahman , Sapta Suhardono , Chun-Hung Lee , Nova Ulhasanah , Mega Mutiara Sari
This study explores hikers’ preferences for resilience-oriented and technology-integrated trail services in Mount Semeru, Indonesia, a prominent hiking destination recently affected by pandemic restrictions and volcanic hazards. Utilizing a CE method supported by Random Parameter Logit (RPL) and Latent Class Models (LCM), the study investigates five key attributes: wayfinding information support, alert systems, emergency reporting, pre-hike education, and willingness to pay more. Findings reveal a strong preference for digital enhancements such as interactive offline wayfinding information, live alerts via mobile applications, AR/VR-based learning, and emergency reporting systems that function with limited signal coverage. The model identifies three hypothetical service improvement scenarios based on user preferences: basic tech enhancement, smart risk response, and integrated smart trail. The highest Marginal Willingness to Pay More (MWTPM) is associated with AR/VR-based pre-hike education (IDR 31,016.95), followed by automated emergency reporting (IDR 30,932.20), and live alert systems (IDR 28,536.74). These results underscore the demand for innovative and adaptive safety infrastructures in hiking tourism. The study contributes to the evolving discourse on the geographies and mobilities of hiking in the Anthropocene, offering practical implications for trail management, destination development, and digital transition in post-pandemic tourism recovery.
{"title":"Resilience-based preferences for technology-enhanced hiking services in Mount Semeru, Indonesia","authors":"I Wayan Koko Suryawan , Ari Rahman , Sapta Suhardono , Chun-Hung Lee , Nova Ulhasanah , Mega Mutiara Sari","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores hikers’ preferences for resilience-oriented and technology-integrated trail services in Mount Semeru, Indonesia, a prominent hiking destination recently affected by pandemic restrictions and volcanic hazards. Utilizing a CE method supported by Random Parameter Logit (RPL) and Latent Class Models (LCM), the study investigates five key attributes: wayfinding information support, alert systems, emergency reporting, pre-hike education, and willingness to pay more. Findings reveal a strong preference for digital enhancements such as interactive offline wayfinding information, live alerts via mobile applications, AR/VR-based learning, and emergency reporting systems that function with limited signal coverage. The model identifies three hypothetical service improvement scenarios based on user preferences: basic tech enhancement, smart risk response, and integrated smart trail. The highest Marginal Willingness to Pay More (MWTPM) is associated with AR/VR-based pre-hike education (IDR 31,016.95), followed by automated emergency reporting (IDR 30,932.20), and live alert systems (IDR 28,536.74). These results underscore the demand for innovative and adaptive safety infrastructures in hiking tourism. The study contributes to the evolving discourse on the geographies and mobilities of hiking in the Anthropocene, offering practical implications for trail management, destination development, and digital transition in post-pandemic tourism recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2025.100964
Ian E. Munanura , Jeffrey D. Kline
Public forests offer a variety of outdoor recreation activities that enhance participants’ well-being, yet participation remains low among ethnic minorities in the United States. These groups face multiple barriers, including limited information, transportation and financial constraints, safety concerns, fear of discrimination, and wildlife-related anxieties, which are often shaped by broader structural and cultural contexts. While understanding of these barriers is improving, gaps persist in conceptualizing the cognitive, social, and structural factors that influence forest recreation behavior. This review synthesizes literature on outdoor recreation constraints, emphasizing barriers unique to ethnic minorities and overlooked social influences. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Cognitive Appraisal Theory, Theory of Outdoor Recreation Constraints, and Social Complexity Theory, we propose an inclusive, process-oriented conceptual model. The framework identifies socio-psychological factors shaping forest recreation behavior, providing a foundation for future empirical studies and informing equitable, diverse, and inclusive public forest recreation policies.
{"title":"Inclusive pathways to understand differential forest recreation participation among ethnoracial minorities in the United States","authors":"Ian E. Munanura , Jeffrey D. Kline","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public forests offer a variety of outdoor recreation activities that enhance participants’ well-being, yet participation remains low among ethnic minorities in the United States. These groups face multiple barriers, including limited information, transportation and financial constraints, safety concerns, fear of discrimination, and wildlife-related anxieties, which are often shaped by broader structural and cultural contexts. While understanding of these barriers is improving, gaps persist in conceptualizing the cognitive, social, and structural factors that influence forest recreation behavior. This review synthesizes literature on outdoor recreation constraints, emphasizing barriers unique to ethnic minorities and overlooked social influences. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Cognitive Appraisal Theory, Theory of Outdoor Recreation Constraints, and Social Complexity Theory, we propose an inclusive, process-oriented conceptual model. The framework identifies socio-psychological factors shaping forest recreation behavior, providing a foundation for future empirical studies and informing equitable, diverse, and inclusive public forest recreation policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2SFCA (two-step float catchment area) has been commonly adopted in the analysis of accessibility to parks. However, the allocation of parks with partly different and partly substitutable functions has not been supported by the current method. This study incorporates the conception of preference of people groups for park types and the group-type matrix into the analysis of accessibility, and improves 2SFCA for the case study of Chengdu, China. As results firstly, age groups 0–17, 18–59 and ≥ 60 have significantly different preferences for country, theme and comprehensive parks, and the spatial distribution of these age groups is not even. Secondly, for each park type, a single-peaked spatial gradient is observed, wherein accessibility values are highest in a central sub-district and decrease towards the periphery. However, the locations of these central sub-districts vary across the three park types. Thirdly in the scheme for optimization, the satisfactory accessibility values in the samples could be taken as the target for the units requiring optimization. As two clusters at the urban sub-core area are identified as lacking parks, one cluster needs to build country park 56509 m2, and the other one needs 20501 m2 comprehensive park at the east part, country park 81991 m2 and comprehensive park 73946 m2 at the north part. In addition, the area at the urban periphery requires exercise equipment, playing and educational fields although it has sufficient open space. The policy implication and measures are further proposed correspondingly.
{"title":"Optimizing spatial distribution of parks based on the preference for park types: A case study with an improved two-step floating catchment area method","authors":"Lingxiang Huang , Shuyuan Yang , Shixiang Xu , Zhu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2SFCA (two-step float catchment area) has been commonly adopted in the analysis of accessibility to parks. However, the allocation of parks with partly different and partly substitutable functions has not been supported by the current method. This study incorporates the conception of preference of people groups for park types and the group-type matrix into the analysis of accessibility, and improves 2SFCA for the case study of Chengdu, China. As results firstly, age groups 0–17, 18–59 and ≥ 60 have significantly different preferences for country, theme and comprehensive parks, and the spatial distribution of these age groups is not even. Secondly, for each park type, a single-peaked spatial gradient is observed, wherein accessibility values are highest in a central sub-district and decrease towards the periphery. However, the locations of these central sub-districts vary across the three park types. Thirdly in the scheme for optimization, the satisfactory accessibility values in the samples could be taken as the target for the units requiring optimization. As two clusters at the urban sub-core area are identified as lacking parks, one cluster needs to build country park 56509 m<sup>2</sup>, and the other one needs 20501 m<sup>2</sup> comprehensive park at the east part, country park 81991 m<sup>2</sup> and comprehensive park 73946 m<sup>2</sup> at the north part. In addition, the area at the urban periphery requires exercise equipment, playing and educational fields although it has sufficient open space. The policy implication and measures are further proposed correspondingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumano Kodo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is an ancient network of pilgrimage routes in Japan's Kii Peninsula, renowned for its cultural and spiritual significance. Recent research highlights (a) the importance of awe experiences in both nature-based and pilgrimage tourism contexts, and (b) that a kataribe, a local tour guide with historical insights, knowledge of conservation efforts, and the ability to interpret local culture and nature, may enhance awe experiences during walks on Kumano Kodo. This study aims to examine whether walking on Kumano Kodo with a kataribe contributes to awe experiences. Useable data were collected from 24 undergraduate students, 13 of whom were accompanied by a kataribe. Awe experiences were assessed using self-report and psychophysiological measurements, specifically salivary amylase levels. Findings revealed that walking on Kumano Kodo significantly increased awe experiences, regardless of the presence of the kataribe. However, follow-up analyses indicated that participants walking with the kataribe experienced significant increases in awe experiences at specific sites characterized by notable tourism attractions. This study suggests that while the intrinsic attributes of Kumano Kodo evoke awe, the information provided by the kataribe can enhance these experiences, with the impact being most pronounced at the beginning and end of the tour. No significant changes were observed in amylase levels, likely due to the counteracting effects of physical activity. The research highlights the pivotal role of a kataribe in enriching tourist experiences and emphasizes the importance of kataribe-led briefings at the beginning and end of the tour to enhance awe experiences.
{"title":"Awe experiences on Kumano Kodo with a kataribe","authors":"Eiji Ito , Shintaro Kono , Kei Tanisho , Tsukasa Kawanishi","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kumano Kodo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is an ancient network of pilgrimage routes in Japan's Kii Peninsula, renowned for its cultural and spiritual significance. Recent research highlights (a) the importance of awe experiences in both nature-based and pilgrimage tourism contexts, and (b) that a <em>kataribe</em>, a local tour guide with historical insights, knowledge of conservation efforts, and the ability to interpret local culture and nature, may enhance awe experiences during walks on Kumano Kodo. This study aims to examine whether walking on Kumano Kodo with a <em>kataribe</em> contributes to awe experiences. Useable data were collected from 24 undergraduate students, 13 of whom were accompanied by a <em>kataribe</em>. Awe experiences were assessed using self-report and psychophysiological measurements, specifically salivary amylase levels. Findings revealed that walking on Kumano Kodo significantly increased awe experiences, regardless of the presence of the <em>kataribe</em>. However, follow-up analyses indicated that participants walking with the <em>kataribe</em> experienced significant increases in awe experiences at specific sites characterized by notable tourism attractions. This study suggests that while the intrinsic attributes of Kumano Kodo evoke awe, the information provided by the <em>kataribe</em> can enhance these experiences, with the impact being most pronounced at the beginning and end of the tour. No significant changes were observed in amylase levels, likely due to the counteracting effects of physical activity. The research highlights the pivotal role of a <em>kataribe</em> in enriching tourist experiences and emphasizes the importance of <em>kataribe</em>-led briefings at the beginning and end of the tour to enhance awe experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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