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Machine-learning-aided thermochemical treatment of biomass: a review 机器学习辅助生物质热化学处理研究进展
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2023.10.1.4
Hailong Li, Jiefeng Chen, Weijin Zhang, Hao-Yue Zhan, Chao He, Zequn Yang, Haoyi Peng, Lijian Leng
Thermochemical treatment is a promising technique for biomass disposal and valorization. Recently, machine learning (ML) has been extensively used to predict yields, compositions, and properties of biochar, bio-oil, syngas, and aqueous phases produced by the thermochemical treatment of biomass. ML demonstrates great potential to aid the development of thermochemical processes. The present review aims to 1) introduce the ML schemes and strategies as well as descriptors of the input and output features in thermochemical processes; 2) summarize and compare the up-to-date research in both ML-aided wet (hydrothermal carbonization/liquefaction/gasification) and dry (torrefaction/pyrolysis/gasification) thermochemical treatment of biomass (i.e., predicting the yields, compositions, and properties of oil/char/gas/aqueous phases as well as thermal conversion behavior or kinetics); and 3) identify the gaps and provide guidance for future studies concerning how to improve predictive performance, increase generalizability, aid mechanistic and application studies, and effectively share data and models in the community. The development of biomass thermochemical treatment processes is envisaged to be greatly accelerated by ML in the near future.
热化学处理是一种很有前途的生物质处理和增值技术。最近,机器学习(ML)已被广泛用于预测生物质热化学处理产生的生物炭、生物油、合成气和水相的产量、组成和性质。ML在帮助热化学过程发展方面显示出巨大的潜力。本综述旨在1)介绍热化学过程中的ML方案和策略以及输入和输出特征的描述符;2) 总结和比较ML辅助生物质湿法(水热碳化/液化/气化)和干法(焙烧/热解/气化)热化学处理的最新研究(即预测油/焦/气/水相的产率、组成和性质以及热转化行为或动力学);以及3)确定差距,并为未来的研究提供指导,这些研究涉及如何提高预测性能、提高可推广性、帮助机制和应用研究,以及在社区中有效共享数据和模型。ML预计在不久的将来将大大加快生物质热化学处理工艺的发展。
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引用次数: 32
Exergy-based sustainability analysis of biogas upgrading using a hybrid solvent (imidazolium-based ionic liquid and aqueous monodiethanolamine) 混合溶剂(咪唑离子液体和单二乙醇胺)对沼气升级的可持续性分析
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2023.10.1.3
Bilal Kazmi, Syed Imran Ali, Z. Awan
Energy may be generated in large quantities from fossil fuels, but this comes with environmental concerns. Thus, renewable resources like biogas, comprising carbon dioxide and methane, should be used alone or in combination with fossil fuels to mitigate the environmental footprints of energy generation systems. In this study, a new concept of hybrid solvent was presented, which combines 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with aqueous mono diethanolamine for biogas upgrading process to provide high purity (≥ 99 wt%) and recovery (≥ 99 wt%) of biomethane. The process was simulated in ASPEN Plus® V.11. The thermodynamic framework was validated against experimental data, and rigorous regression was conducted to obtain binary parameters. To establish the efficacy of the suggested hybrid solvent, three scenarios were studied by altering the concentration of ionic liquid (5–20 wt%) linked with amine and compared to aqueous mono diethanolamine as the base case (50 wt%). The results showed that a hybrid solvent with 5 wt% 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate could increase CH4 purity to 99% (mol%). The hybrid solvent led to an energy saving of 64.94% compared to the amine-based system. Thermodynamic irreversibilities showed that 5 wt% 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate improved exergy efficiency by 54% over the amine-based procedure. Environmentally, the hybrid solvent system also achieved a higher capture rate (99%) and lower emissions (0.017 kW/kmol). Comparing the economic prospects, 5 wt% 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate saved 56% on total capital cost, making it competitive from an investment perspective.
化石燃料可能会大量产生能源,但这与环境问题有关。因此,包括二氧化碳和甲烷在内的可再生资源,如沼气,应单独使用或与化石燃料结合使用,以减轻能源发电系统的环境足迹。本研究提出了一种新的混合溶剂概念,将1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐与单二乙醇胺水溶液相结合用于沼气提质过程,以提供高纯度(≥99wt%)和回收率(≥99wt%)的生物甲烷。该过程在ASPEN Plus®V.11中进行了模拟。根据实验数据验证了热力学框架,并进行了严格的回归以获得二元参数。为了确定所建议的混合溶剂的功效,通过改变与胺连接的离子液体(5–20 wt%)的浓度,并与水性单二乙醇胺(50 wt%)作为基本情况进行比较,研究了三种情况。结果表明,与5wt%的1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的混合溶剂可以将CH4纯度提高到99%(mol%)。与基于胺的系统相比,混合溶剂导致64.94%的节能。热力学不可逆性表明,与基于胺的程序相比,5wt%的1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐将火用效率提高了54%。在环境方面,混合溶剂系统还实现了更高的捕获率(99%)和更低的排放量(0.017kW/kmol)。比较经济前景,5wt%的1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐节省了56%的总资本成本,从投资角度来看具有竞争力。
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引用次数: 2
Life cycle assessment for sustainability assessment of biofuels and bioproducts 生物燃料和生物产品可持续性评估的生命周期评估
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2023.10.1.5
S. Gheewala
Bio-based materials have been used traditionally for millennia. Their use was overtaken in recent times by the discovery and utilization of fossil-based resources for materials and energy. However, concerns about the non-renewability of fossil resources and greenhouse gas and other emissions associated with their use have brought forth a renewed interest in using bio-based materials in recent years. The environmental advantages of bio-based materials cannot be taken for granted without a rigorous scientific assessment. Many tools based on energy, economics, and environmental impacts have been used. Life cycle assessment is one such tool developed and successfully utilized for the environmental assessment of biofuels and bioproducts. However, many methodological challenges, among other things related to system boundaries, functional units, allocation, and carbon accounting, still need further research and consideration. In this work, the related issues are summarized, and the directions for addressing them are discussed. Despite the methodological challenges in their assessment, biofuels and bioproducts show promise in terms of their environmental advantages compared to their fossil-oriented counterparts. These advantages can be further enhanced by utilizing all parts of the feedstock biomass, especially for value-added materials and chemicals via biorefineries.
传统上,生物基材料已经使用了几千年。近年来,化石材料和能源的发现和利用超过了它们的使用。然而,由于对矿物资源的不可再生性以及与使用矿物资源有关的温室气体和其他排放的关注,近年来人们对使用生物基材料重新产生了兴趣。如果没有严格的科学评估,生物基材料的环境优势就不能想当然。许多基于能源、经济和环境影响的工具已经被使用。生命周期评估就是开发并成功用于生物燃料和生物产品环境评估的一种工具。然而,许多方法上的挑战,其中包括与系统边界、功能单元、分配和碳核算有关的其他问题,仍然需要进一步研究和考虑。本文对相关问题进行了总结,并讨论了解决这些问题的方向。尽管在评估方法上存在挑战,但与化石燃料相比,生物燃料和生物产品在环境优势方面表现出了希望。这些优势可以通过利用生物质原料的所有部分,特别是通过生物炼制的增值材料和化学品进一步增强。
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引用次数: 20
Intensifying biofuel production using a novel bionic flow-induced peristaltic reactor: biodiesel production as a case study 利用新型仿生流动诱导蠕动反应器强化生物燃料生产——以生物柴油生产为例
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.4.3
Jianyu Wang, A. Xia, Zhichao Deng, Yun Huang, Xianqing Zhu, Xun Zhu, Q. Liao
Intensification of biofuel production processes could play a critical role in boosting the economic and environmental features of the whole process. A novel bionic flow-induced peristaltic reactor with a high conversion rate is constructed to realize efficient biofuel production from high-concentration high-viscosity fluids. It is experimentally verified through biodiesel production from soybean oil. Experimental results show that the conversion efficiency is up to 89.9% at 10 s in the peristaltic reactor, which is 38.4% higher than that in the rigid tube reactor. Furthermore, a three-dimensional peristaltic model is conducted to understand the mechanism of heat and mass transfer enhancement. The simulation results show that an increase in peristaltic amplitude strengthens the mixing of the bionic peristaltic reactor by 92.5-100.8%. The temperature distribution in the bionic peristaltic reactor is more uniform than in the traditional rigid tube reactor. The results demonstrate that the conversion rate of soybean oil in the bionic flow-induced peristaltic reactor is 528.82% min-1, which is 17-60 times higher than other intensified reactors operating in either continuous or batch modes.
生物燃料生产过程的集约化可以在提高整个过程的经济性和环保性方面发挥关键作用。为实现高浓度高粘度流体高效生产生物燃料,构建了一种新型的高转化率仿生流动诱导蠕动反应器。并通过大豆油制备生物柴油进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在10 s时,蠕动反应器的转化效率可达89.9%,比刚性管反应器提高38.4%。此外,还建立了三维蠕动模型,以了解传热传质强化的机理。仿真结果表明,随着蠕动幅度的增大,仿生蠕动反应器的混合强度提高了92.5 ~ 100.8%。与传统的刚性管反应器相比,仿生蠕动反应器内的温度分布更加均匀。结果表明:在仿生流动诱导蠕动反应器中,豆油的转化率为528.82% min-1,是其他连续或间歇强化反应器的17-60倍。
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引用次数: 6
Enhancing the potential of sugarcane bagasse for the production of ENplus quality fuel pellets by torrefaction: an economic feasibility study 通过焙烧提高甘蔗渣生产ENplus优质燃料颗粒的潜力:经济可行性研究
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.4.2
T. Jarunglumlert, A. Bampenrat, H. Sukkathanyawat, P. Pavasant, C. Prommuak
When fossil fuel substitution with biomass is viewed as a potential solution to global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the demand for biomass fuel pellets has increased worldwide. Although agricultural waste is an attractive potential feedstock for fuel pellet production due to its relatively high calorific value and low cost, its excessive ash content is a major drawback. This research investigates the properties of sugarcane bagasse fuel pellets treated by dry and wet torrefaction and evaluates the economic value of selling the fuel pellets, which were priced based on their quality. It was found that the wet torrefaction could significantly reduce the ash content in the product (1% ash content at a torrefaction temperature of above 180°C), resulting in higher quality and more marketable fuel pellets. Consequently, the yield and the net present value of the production of wet torrefied fuel pellets were greater than those of dry torrefied pellets. Nevertheless, the production of fuel pellets from sugarcane bagasse treated by either process is shown to be economically viable.
当生物质替代化石燃料被视为解决温室气体排放造成的全球变暖的潜在解决方案时,世界范围内对生物质燃料颗粒的需求增加了。尽管农业废弃物因其相对较高的热值和较低的成本而成为燃料颗粒生产的有吸引力的潜在原料,但其过高的灰分含量是一个主要缺点。本研究考察了干法和湿法焙烧处理的甘蔗渣燃料球团的性能,并评估了销售甘蔗渣燃料球团的经济价值,并根据其质量进行定价。研究发现,湿法焙烧可显著降低产品灰分含量(焙烧温度在180℃以上时灰分含量为1%),生产出质量更高、更畅销的燃料球团。因此,湿法碳化燃料球团的产量和净现值均大于干法碳化球团。然而,经任何一种工艺处理的甘蔗渣生产燃料颗粒在经济上是可行的。
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引用次数: 7
Sustainability assessment of palm oil-based refinery systems for food, fuel, and chemicals 以棕榈油为基础的食品、燃料和化学品精炼系统的可持续性评估
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.4.5
S. Gheewala, Ukrit Jaroenkietkajorn, P. Nilsalab, T. Silalertruksa, Thoranin Somkerd, N. Laosiripojana
Palm-based biorefinery system has gained attention worldwide because of potentially high economic returns. However, environmental impacts also increase with the additional production. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability of (1) current palm-based biorefinery system in Thailand, including cooking oil and biodiesel, and (2) palm-based biorefinery system with value-added products, i.e., succinic acid, lactic acid, bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD), and epichlorohydrin (ECH) that represent biomaterial, biofuel, and biochemical products, respectively. Accordingly, seven palm-based biorefinery scenarios were designed, and their sustainability was assessed through life cycle assessment (LCA), net energy balance (NEB) and net energy ratio (NER), employment generation, and eco-efficiency. The results revealed that value-added production increased global warming impacts by around 3 – 79% compared with the current system. Although environmental impacts increased due to the additional processes related to the production of the value-added products, total product values also increased, especially for succinic acid, generally leading to higher eco-efficiency values. The current palm-based biorefinery system with succinic acid production had the highest eco-efficiency among all the scenarios considered. The BHD production scenario had the highest NEB and NER because the products were used for energy. Employment generation increased for all the scenarios between 2 – 86% compared with the current system.
棕榈基生物炼制系统因其潜在的高经济效益而受到全世界的关注。然而,环境影响也随着产量的增加而增加。因此,本研究旨在评估(1)泰国现有的棕榈油生物炼制系统的可持续性,包括食用油和生物柴油;(2)棕榈油生物炼制系统的增值产品,即琥珀酸、乳酸、生物氢化柴油(BHD)和环氧氯丙烷(ECH),分别代表生物材料、生物燃料和生物化学产品。据此,设计了7种棕榈生物炼制方案,并通过生命周期评估(LCA)、净能量平衡(NEB)和净能量比(NER)、创造就业和生态效率对其可持续性进行了评估。结果表明,与现有系统相比,增值生产使全球变暖影响增加了约3 - 79%。虽然由于与增值产品生产有关的额外工艺增加了对环境的影响,但产品总价值也增加了,特别是琥珀酸,通常导致更高的生态效率值。在所有考虑的情景中,目前以棕榈为基础的琥珀酸生物炼制系统的生态效率最高。BHD生产方案具有最高的NEB和NER,因为产品用于能源。与现行制度相比,所有情景下的就业机会都增加了2 - 86%。
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引用次数: 3
Pyrolysis of low-value waste sawdust over low-cost catalysts: physicochemical characterization of pyrolytic oil and value-added biochar 低价值废木屑在低成本催化剂上的热解:热解油和增值生物炭的物理化学表征
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.4.4
R. Mishra, K. Mohanty
The present work deals with an experimental investigation into the generation and characterization of pyrolytic oil and biochar from Sal wood sawdust (SW). The pyrolysis experiment was performed in a semi-batch reactor at 500 oC and 80 oC/min heating rate with CaO, CuO, and Al2O3 catalysts. Further, the pyrolytic oil and biochar were investigated using different analyses, including proximate analysis, elemental analysis, thermal stability, GC-MS, FTIR, field emission scanning electron microscopy, electrical conductivity analysis, higher heating value (HHV), zeta potential analysis, and ash content analysis. Pyrolysis results revealed that compared to thermal pyrolysis (46.02 wt%), the pyrolytic oil yield was improved by catalytic pyrolysis with CaO and CuO (50.02 and 48.23 wt%, respectively). Further, the characterization of pyrolytic oil revealed that the loading of catalysts considerably improved the oil's properties by lowering its viscosity (69.50 to 22 cSt), ash content (0.26 to 0.11 wt%), and oxygen content (28.32 to16.60 %) while raising its acidity (4.2 to 9.6), heating value (25.66 to 36.09 MJ/kg), and carbon content (61.79 to 74.28%). According to the FTIR analysis, the pyrolytic oil contained hydrocarbons, phenols, aromatics, alcohols, and oxygenated compounds. Additionally, the GC-MS analysis showed that catalysts significantly reduced oxygenated fractions, phenols (20.23 to 15.26%), acids (12.23 to 6.56%), and increased hydrocarbons (12 to 16 wt%). Additionally, the results of the biochar analysis demonstrated that SW biochar was appropriate for a range of industrial applications, including in catalysts, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and bio-composite materials.
本文研究了萨尔木木屑热解油和生物炭的制备及其特性。在半间歇式反应器中,以CaO、CuO和Al2O3为催化剂,在500℃和80℃/min的升温速率下进行热解实验。此外,对热解油和生物炭进行了分析,包括近似分析、元素分析、热稳定性、GC-MS、FTIR、场发射扫描电镜、电导率分析、高热值(HHV)、zeta电位分析和灰分分析。热解结果表明,与热热解(46.02 wt%)相比,CaO和CuO催化热解提高了热解油收率(分别为50.02和48.23 wt%)。此外,对热解油的表征表明,催化剂的负载显著改善了热解油的性能,降低了其粘度(69.50 ~ 22 cSt)、灰分(0.26 ~ 0.11 wt%)和氧含量(28.32 ~ 16.60%),同时提高了其酸度(4.2 ~ 9.6)、热值(25.66 ~ 36.09 MJ/kg)和碳含量(61.79 ~ 74.28%)。根据红外光谱分析,热解油中含有碳氢化合物、酚类、芳烃、醇类和含氧化合物。此外,GC-MS分析表明,催化剂显著降低了含氧组分、酚类(20.23 ~ 15.26%)、酸类(12.23 ~ 6.56%),并增加了碳氢化合物(12 ~ 16 wt%)。此外,生物炭分析结果表明,SW生物炭适用于一系列工业应用,包括催化剂、超级电容器、燃料电池和生物复合材料。
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引用次数: 6
Wood combustion nanoparticles emitted by conventional and advanced technology cordwood boilers, and their interactions in vitro with human lung epithelial monolayers 传统和先进技术的软木锅炉排放的木材燃烧纳米颗粒及其与人肺上皮单层的体外相互作用
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.3.3
B. Panessa-Warren, T. Butcher, J. Warren, R. Trojanowski, K. Kisslinger, G. Wei, Y. Celebi
Biomass-burning boilers and stoves are widely used in many parts of the world, producing combustion emissions linked with health risks. Combustion emission nanoparticles (NPs) were collected from four representative wood burning boilers using oak cordwood at specific times in the burn cycle. The morphology and composition of the NPs was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. To determine the degree of NP cytotoxicity with human lung tissue, the combustion NPs were introduced to incubated lung bronchial epithelial monolayers (NCI-H292) in vitro at doses of 0.1 × 10-6 and 3.0 × 10-6 kg/L for 2 and 4 h. Histochemical analysis showed that cell death increased by a factor of 3.5 for both doses after 4 h when compared to the control. Ultrapure NPs prepared by wet chemical methods were also introduced to the epithelial lung cells for similar doses and exposure times and the cultures exhibited significantly reduced mortality. Electron microscopy was used to study the mechanism of cell mortality for the synthesized and combustion-based NPs by examining how the NP byproducts interacted with individual cell organelles. It was found that cell survival was strongly correlated with the absence of contaminants (salts, heavy metals, poly aromatic hydrocarbons) associated with the NPs entering the cells. Synthesized NPs consisting of pure carbon were relatively well tolerated and could be excreted without damaging the cell ultrastructure. Thus, careful removal of extraneous contaminants by controlling the burn cycle with a catalyst is essential to minimize the health and environmental effects of wood biofuel combustion. In better words, optimized advanced technology wood-burning boilers and stoves can provide a CO2-neutral energy source and significantly contribute to a future where fossil fuels have a reduced role.
生物质燃烧锅炉和炉灶在世界许多地方被广泛使用,产生的燃烧排放与健康风险有关。燃烧排放纳米颗粒(NP)是在燃烧循环中的特定时间从四个具有代表性的使用橡木芯材的木材燃烧锅炉中收集的。利用透射电子显微镜和能量色散X射线分析对纳米颗粒的形态和组成进行了表征。为了确定NP对人肺组织的细胞毒性程度,将燃烧NP以0.1×10-6和3.0×10-6 kg/L的剂量引入体外孵育的肺支气管上皮单层(NCI-H292)中2和4小时。组织化学分析显示,与对照相比,4小时后两种剂量的细胞死亡均增加了3.5倍。通过湿化学方法制备的超纯NP也以相似的剂量和暴露时间引入肺上皮细胞,并且培养物显示出显著降低的死亡率。电子显微镜通过检查NP副产物如何与单个细胞器相互作用来研究合成的和基于燃烧的NP的细胞死亡机制。研究发现,细胞存活与进入细胞的NP相关的污染物(盐、重金属、多环芳烃)的缺乏密切相关。由纯碳组成的合成NP具有相对良好的耐受性,并且可以在不损害细胞超微结构的情况下排出。因此,通过用催化剂控制燃烧循环来仔细去除外来污染物对于最大限度地减少木材生物燃料燃烧对健康和环境的影响至关重要。换言之,优化的先进技术燃木锅炉和炉灶可以提供二氧化碳中性能源,并为化石燃料的作用减少的未来做出重大贡献。
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引用次数: 2
The role of sustainability assessment tools in realizing bioenergy and bioproduct systems 可持续性评估工具在实现生物能源和生物产品系统中的作用
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.3.5
M. Aghbashlo, Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Hossein Shahbeik, M. Tabatabaei
The pressing global challenges, including global warming and climate change, the Russia-Ukraine war, and the Covid-19 pandemic, all are indicative of the necessity of a transition from fossil-based systems toward bioenergy and bioproduct to ensure our plans for sustainable development. Such a transition, however, should be thoroughly engineered, considering the sustainability of the different elements of these systems. Advanced sustainability tools are instrumental in realizing this important objective. The present work critically reviews these tools, including techno-economic, life cycle assessment, emergy, energy, and exergy analyses, within the context of the bioenergy and bioproduct systems. The principles behind these methods are briefly explained, and then their pros and cons in designing, analyzing, and optimizing bioenergy and bioproduct systems are highlighted. Overall, it can be concluded that despite the promises held by these tools, they cannot be regarded as perfect solutions to address all the issues involved in realizing bioenergy and bioproduct systems, and integration of these tools can provide more reliable and accurate results than single approaches.
全球变暖和气候变化、俄乌战争和2019冠状病毒病大流行等紧迫的全球挑战都表明,有必要从化石燃料转向生物能源和生物产品,以确保我们的可持续发展计划。但是,这种过渡应该经过彻底的设计,同时考虑到这些系统的不同组成部分的可持续性。先进的可持续发展工具有助于实现这一重要目标。目前的工作严格审查这些工具,包括技术经济,生命周期评估,能源,能源和能源分析,在生物能源和生物产品系统的背景下。简要解释了这些方法背后的原理,然后重点介绍了它们在设计、分析和优化生物能源和生物产品系统方面的优缺点。总的来说,可以得出结论,尽管这些工具带来了希望,但它们不能被视为解决实现生物能源和生物产品系统所涉及的所有问题的完美解决方案,并且这些工具的集成可以提供比单一方法更可靠和准确的结果。
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引用次数: 131
Beyond conventional biomass valorisation: pyrolysis-derived products for biomedical applications 超越传统生物质增值:生物医学应用的热解衍生产品
IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2022.9.3.2
Mohd Amir Asyraf Mohd Hamzah, R. Hasham, Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek, Z. Hashim, Maizatulakmal Yahayu, F. I. Abdul Razak, Z. Zakaria
Biomass valorisation is conventionally associated with the production of green biofuels. However, this could extend beyond the conventional perception of biomass application into other domains such as medical sciences. Acid condensate (AC) obtained from pyrolysis promises a good potential for biomedical applications, notably for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, concentrated AC extract (CACE) obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shells was fractionated, and the resulting fractions were pooled according to similar thin layer chromatography profiles into combined fractions (CFACs). CFACs were evaluated for total phenolic content, antioxidant level, cytotoxicity, and wound healing activities toward human skin fibroblast cells (HSF 1184). CFAC-3 showed the highest total phenolic content (624.98 ± 8.70 µg GAE/mg of sample) and antioxidant activities (DPPH IC50 of 29.47 ± 0.74 µg/mL, ABTS of 1247.13 ± 27.89 μg TE/mg sample, FRAP of 24.26 ± 0.71 mmol Fe(II)/mg sample, HFRS of 257.74 ± 1.74 µg/mL) compared to CACE (DPPH IC50 of 81.76 ± 2.81 µg/mL, ABTS of 816.95 ± 30.49 μg TE/mg sample, FRAP of 9.22 ± 0.66 mmol Fe(II)/mg sample, HFRS of 689.30 ± 36.00 µg/mL), no cytotoxic properties at ≤50 µg/mL, and significantly faster wound closure (at 1.25 µg/mL) compared to the control 12 h after treatment. The phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) were upregulated, thus indicating that wound healing of CFAC-3 followed through this signalling pathway. To conclude, phenolic-rich CFAC-3 obtained from the pyrolysis of palm kernel shells demonstrated potential biomedical application as an alternative wound healing agent with high antioxidant and wound-healing activity. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to report on the wound healing activity of AC and its wound healing mechanism.
生物质价值增值通常与绿色生物燃料的生产有关。然而,这可能会超越生物质应用的传统观念,扩展到医学等其他领域。从热解过程中获得的酸凝聚物(AC)具有良好的生物医学应用潜力,特别是其抗菌、抗氧化和抗炎特性。本研究对微波辅助热解棕榈仁壳得到的浓缩AC提取物(CACE)进行了分馏,并根据类似的薄层色谱图谱将所得馏分合并为联合馏分(CFACs)。评估CFACs的总酚含量、抗氧化水平、细胞毒性和对人皮肤成纤维细胞的伤口愈合活性(HSF 1184)。CFAC-3显示,总酚含量最高(624.98±8.70µg GAE /毫克样品)和抗氧化活动(DPPH IC50 29.47±0.74µg / mL, abt 1247.13±27.89μg TE /毫克样品,收紧24.26±0.71更易与铁(II) /毫克样品,hfr 257.74±1.74µg / mL)相比CACE (DPPH IC50 81.76±2.81µg / mL, abt 816.95±30.49μg TE /毫克样品,收紧9.22±0.66更易与铁(II) /毫克样品,hfr 689.30±36.00µg / mL),没有细胞毒性特性≤50µg / mL,治疗后12小时伤口愈合速度明显快于对照组(1.25µg/mL)。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)和蛋白激酶B (AKT)的磷酸化水平上调,表明cfa3的创面愈合遵循这一信号通路。综上所述,从棕榈仁壳热解中获得的富含酚的CFAC-3作为一种具有高抗氧化和伤口愈合活性的替代伤口愈合剂具有潜在的生物医学应用前景。据我们所知,这是第一个报道AC伤口愈合活性及其伤口愈合机制的研究。
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引用次数: 14
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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ
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