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Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of Mahua oil biodiesel-diesel blend using a DI diesel engine modified with EGR and nozzle hole orifice diameter 在喷口直径和EGR改性直喷柴油机上对麻花油生物柴油-柴油混合燃料的燃烧特性进行了实验研究
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.3.6
M. V. Kumar, A. Babu, P. R. Kumar, S. Reddy
Engine modification through reducing nozzle hole diameter (NHD) (i.e., from the base value of 0.28 to the modified value of 0.20 mm) has been shown as an effective strategy in improving engine performance, combustion, and emission parameters. However, it has also led to substantial increases in NOx emission as a major shortcoming. In light of that, the present study was aimed at overcoming this challenge through the application of a partially-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. More specifically, Mahua oil biodiesel-diesel blend (B20) and neat diesel were tested on a modified single cylinder diesel engine under five different engine loads (i.e., 2.46, 4.92, 7.38, 9.84, and 12.3 kg) and in the presence of varying EGR rates (i.e., 10, 20, and 30%). The results obtained revealed that the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of the modified engine (3-hole nozzle with an orifice diameter of 0.20 mm) were improved for both neat diesel and B20 except in the case of NOx, in comparison with those of the conventional diesel engine (3-hole nozzle with an orifice diameter of 0.28 mm). The considerable increases in NOx emissions caused by the smaller orifice NHD could be successfully compensated for through the implementation of the partially-cooled EGR. Overall and based on the findings of the present study, the proposed engine modification in the presence of partially-cooled EGR rate of 10% could be recommended as efficient combustion conditions for 20% blend of Mahua oil biodiesel and diesel. However, further increments in the EGR rate and in particular at higher loads, adversely affected the performance and emission characteristics of the modified engine due to the recirculation of high amounts of unburnt soot, CO2, H2O, as well as of O2 deficiency.
通过减小喷嘴孔径(NHD)(即,从0.28的基本值到0.20mm的修正值)来改进发动机已被证明是改善发动机性能、燃烧和排放参数的有效策略。然而,它也导致NOx排放量的大幅增加,这是一个主要缺点。有鉴于此,本研究旨在通过应用部分冷却的废气再循环(EGR)系统来克服这一挑战。更具体地说,在五种不同的发动机负荷(即2.46、4.92、7.38、9.84和12.3kg)和不同EGR率(即10%、20%和30%)下,在改进的单缸柴油发动机上测试了马华油-生物柴油-柴油混合物(B20)和纯柴油。所获得的结果表明,与传统柴油发动机(孔径为0.28mm的3孔喷嘴)相比,除了NOx的情况外,改进的发动机(孔径直径为0.20mm的3孔喷嘴)的纯柴油和B20的性能、燃烧和排放特性都得到了改善。通过实施部分冷却的EGR,可以成功地补偿由较小孔口NHD引起的NOx排放的显著增加。总的来说,根据本研究的结果,建议在部分冷却EGR率为10%的情况下对发动机进行改造,作为20%的马华油生物柴油和柴油混合物的有效燃烧条件。然而,由于大量未燃烧的烟灰、CO2、H2O以及O2缺乏的再循环,EGR率的进一步增加,特别是在较高负载下,对改进的发动机的性能和排放特性产生不利影响。
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引用次数: 29
Comparative investigation of the effect of hemispherical and toroidal piston bowl geometries on diesel engine combustion characteristics 半球形和环形活塞碗形状对柴油机燃烧特性影响的对比研究
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.3.5
M. Channappagoudra, K. Ramesh, G. Manavendra
Diesel engine parameters are in general more compatible with operating on neat diesel than biodiesel and its blends. Therefore, optimizing operating conditions as well as piston bowl geometry to achieve a better performance with biodiesel in conventional diesel engines is highly essential. In the present study, hemispherical piston bowl geometry (HPBG) of existing diesel engine was modified into toroidal piston bowl geometry (TPBG) to evaluate the performance of a diesel engine running on a 20% blend of dairy scum oil biodiesel (B20). The experimental results revealed increased brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate by 5.5% and 17.24%, respectively, while brake specific fuel consumption, HC emission, and CO emission were decreased by 8.75%, 15%, and 14.47%, respectively, in response to the engine modification applied. Such improvements using the TPBG could be attributed to improved fuel atomization, reduction of fuel droplet size, increased cylinder temperature, enhanced squish-swirl, and turbulence kinetic energy during combustion. The findings of the present study could pave the way for the fabrication of diesel engines, which are more efficiently compatible with biodiesel and its blends.
柴油发动机的参数通常比生物柴油及其混合物更适合纯柴油。因此,优化操作条件和活塞碗的几何形状,以实现更好的性能与生物柴油在传统的柴油发动机是非常必要的。在本研究中,将现有柴油机的半球形活塞碗形状(HPBG)改进为环形活塞碗形状(TPBG),以评估柴油机在20%乳渣油生物柴油(B20)混合物上运行的性能。试验结果表明,发动机改造后,制动热效率和放热率分别提高了5.5%和17.24%,制动比油耗、HC排放和CO排放分别降低了8.75%、15%和14.47%。使用TPBG可以改善燃油雾化,减小燃油液滴尺寸,提高气缸温度,增强压缩涡流和燃烧过程中的湍流动能。目前的研究结果可以为制造柴油发动机铺平道路,柴油发动机可以更有效地与生物柴油及其混合物兼容。
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引用次数: 15
Green diesel production through simultaneous deoxygenation of palmitic acid and desulfurization of 4,6-Dimethyl-dibenzothiophene over commercial CoMo/Al2O3 在商用CoMo/Al2O3上同时进行棕榈酸脱氧和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩脱硫生产绿色柴油
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.2.6
Sunya Boonyasuwat, J. Tscheikuna
This study investigated the deoxygenation of palmitic acid as a model compound of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), in the presence of 4,6- di-methyl-di-benzothiophene as a sulfur-containing light gas oil (LGO). Reactions were performed at the pressure of 25 barg, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 1.7 h-1, and H2/oil of 630 NL/L over CoMo/Al2O3 as catalyst. The effect of temperature was studied in the range of 275-300 oC. Both deoxygenation and desulfurization led to approximately 100% conversions at 300 oC, while at 275 oC, palmitic acid deoxygenation was recorded at a higher conversion rate compared with that of the desulfurization of 4,6- di-methyl-di-benzothiophene. The presence of 4,6- di-methyl-di-benzothiophene during the deoxygenation of palmitic acid resulted in high conversions (>95%). Pressure drop studies showed that the formation of heavy products caused a gradual pressure drop throughout the reactor over time. The catalyst was deactivated during 10 d. Two different sulfur-containing reagents were used for catalyst reactivation including dimethyl-disulfide in n-C18 and LGO containing 484 ppmw of sulfur. Reactivation with 2 wt.% of dimethyl-disulfide in n-C18 at 320 oC for 36 h led to more favrable performance recovery vs. the sulfur-containing LGO.
本研究研究了棕榈酸作为棕榈脂肪酸馏出物(PFAD)的模型化合物,在含硫轻质瓦斯油(LGO)4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩存在下的脱氧反应。在CoMo/Al2O3作为催化剂上,在25barg的压力、1.7h-1的液体时空速(LHSV)和630NL/L的H2/油下进行反应。在275-300℃的温度范围内研究了温度的影响。脱氧和脱硫在300℃时都导致约100%的转化率,而在275℃时,与4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩的脱硫相比,棕榈酸脱氧的转化率更高。棕榈酸脱氧过程中4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩的存在导致高转化率(>95%)。压降研究表明,随着时间的推移,重产物的形成导致整个反应器的压力逐渐下降。催化剂在10d期间失活。使用两种不同的含硫试剂进行催化剂再活化,包括n-C18中的二甲基二硫化物和含有484ppmw硫的LGO。与含硫LGO相比,在n-C18中用2 wt.%二甲基二硫在320℃下反应36小时可获得更有利的性能回收率。
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引用次数: 3
Editorial Board 编辑委员会
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2018.5.2.1
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引用次数: 0
Lipid accumulation from glucose and xylose in an engineered, naturally oleaginous strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 从葡萄糖和木糖中脂质积累的工程,天然产油酿酒酵母菌株
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.2.3
E. Knoshaug, S. V. Wychen, Arjun Singh, Min Zhang
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-known industrial yeast for alcoholic fermentation, is not historically known to accumulate lipids. Four S. cerevisiae strains used in industrial applications were screened for their ability to accumulate neutral lipids. Only one, D5A, was found to accumulate up to 20% dry cell weight (dcw) lipids. This strain was further engineered by knocking out ADP-activated serine/threonine kinase (SNF1) which increased lipid accumulation to 35% dcw lipids. In addition, we engineered D5A to utilize xylose and found that D5A accumulates up to 37% dcw lipids from xylose as the sole carbon source. Further we over-expressed different diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1) genes and boosted lipid accumulation to 50%. Fatty acid speciation showed that 94% of the extracted lipids consisted of 5 fatty acid species, C16:0 (palmitic), C16:1n7 (palmitoleic), C18:0 (stearic), C18:1n7 (vaccenic), and C18:1n9 (oleic), while the relative distributions changed depending on growth conditions. In addition, this strain accumulated lipids concurrently with ethanol production.
酿酒酵母是一种众所周知的用于酒精发酵的工业酵母,历史上并不知道它会积累脂质。筛选了工业应用中使用的四种酿酒酵母菌株,以检测其积累中性脂的能力。只有一种,D5A,被发现积累高达20%的干细胞重量(dcw)脂质。该菌株通过敲除adp激活的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(SNF1)进一步工程化,使脂质积累增加到35%。此外,我们设计D5A利用木糖,发现D5A从木糖作为唯一的碳源积累高达37%的dcw脂质。此外,我们过表达不同的二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(DGA1)基因,并将脂质积累提高到50%。脂肪酸形态分析表明,94%的提取脂质由C16:0(棕榈酸)、C16:1n7(棕榈油酸)、C18:0(硬脂酸)、C18:1n7(异丙酸)和C18:1n9(油酸)5种脂肪酸组成,其相对分布随生长条件的不同而变化。此外,该菌株在生产乙醇的同时也积累了脂质。
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引用次数: 13
Towards nanotechnology-based biofuel industry 迈向以纳米技术为基础的生物燃料产业
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.2.2
A. Nizami, M. Rehan
The biofuel industry is rapidly growing with a promising role in producing renewable energy and tackling climate change. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to achieve cost-effective and process-efficient biofuel industry. Various nanomaterials have been developed with unique properties for enhanced biofuel production/utilization. The way forward is to develop nanotechnology-based biofuel systems at industrial scale.
生物燃料工业正在迅速发展,在生产可再生能源和应对气候变化方面发挥着有希望的作用。纳米技术在实现经济高效的生物燃料工业方面具有巨大的潜力。为了提高生物燃料的生产/利用,各种具有独特性能的纳米材料已经被开发出来。未来的道路是在工业规模上开发基于纳米技术的生物燃料系统。
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引用次数: 68
Magnetically recyclable nanocatalysts based on magnetite: an environmentally friendly and recyclable catalyst for esterification reactions 基于磁铁矿的磁性可回收纳米催化剂:一种环保且可回收的酯化反应催化剂
IF 13 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.2.4
V. C. D. Santos-Durndell, T. Peruzzolo, G. M. Ucoski, L. Ramos, S. Nakagaki
Solid magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite = Mag) composed of Fe3O4 and magnetite coated with silica (Fe3O4/SiO2 = Mag/Si) were prepared from inexpensive starting materials. The catalytic activity of the solids was investigated for palmitic acid esterification with methanol under solvothermal conditions. Both pure Fe3O4 (Mag) and silica-coated (Mag/Si) nanoparticles exhibited high catalytic activities and were easy to recover from the reaction environment using an external magnet. Furthermore, the magnetic nanoparticle catalysts were reused without significant loss of catalytic activity and showed high durability in typical acid-catalyzed reactions. XRD and SEM analyses were conducted before and after esterification, showing almost identical particle distribution in both fresh and reused catalysts.
采用廉价原料制备了由Fe3O4和包覆二氧化硅(Fe3O4/SiO2 = Mag/Si)的磁铁矿组成的固体磁性纳米颗粒(磁铁矿= Mag)。研究了固体在溶剂热条件下对棕榈酸与甲醇酯化反应的催化活性。纯Fe3O4 (Mag)和二氧化硅包覆(Mag/Si)纳米颗粒均表现出较高的催化活性,并且易于通过外磁铁从反应环境中回收。此外,磁性纳米颗粒催化剂可重复使用,在典型的酸催化反应中没有明显的催化活性损失,并表现出较高的耐久性。在酯化前后进行XRD和SEM分析,发现新鲜催化剂和重复使用催化剂的颗粒分布几乎相同。
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引用次数: 17
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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ
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