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Computer-Assisted Corpus Analysis: An Introduction to Concepts, Processes, and Decisions 计算机辅助语料库分析:概念、过程和决策导论
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228026
Susan Lang;Duncan A. Buell;Norbert Elliot
Problem: This tutorial aims to guide readers through key concepts, basic processes, and common decision points that inform computer-assisted corpus-based research in technical, professional, and scientific communication (TPSC). Key concepts: Based on our collaborative experiences and an example developed for this tutorial, key concepts of corpus analysis useful to TPSC researchers and practitioners include the following: corpus location, text preparation, and programming language and software selection. Key lessons: These key concepts can be used to establish basic processes and decision points that, in turn, yield lessons related to the usefulness of lexicogrammatical language models and the significance of multidisciplinarity. Implications: Although corpus research is a growing and important part of the field of TPSC, challenges remain in terms of language model variety and ethical considerations. At least in part, these challenges can be met, respectively, by alignment between corpus and analytic tools and reference to the Common Rule and related international standards.
问题:本教程旨在引导读者了解技术、专业和科学传播(TPSC)中基于计算机辅助语料库的研究的关键概念、基本过程和常见决策点。关键概念:根据我们的合作经验和为本教程开发的一个示例,语料库分析对TPSC研究人员和从业者有用的关键概念包括:语料库定位、文本准备、编程语言和软件选择。关键教训:这些关键概念可用于建立基本过程和决策点,进而产生与词典语法语言模型的有用性和多学科的重要性相关的教训。尽管语料库研究是TPSC领域中一个不断发展和重要的组成部分,但在语言模型的多样性和伦理考虑方面仍然存在挑战。至少在一定程度上,这些挑战可以通过语料库和分析工具之间的对齐以及参考共同规则和相关的国际标准来分别解决。
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引用次数: 1
A Cross-Cultural Genre Analysis of Leadership Statements in Italian and American University Sustainability Reports 意大利和美国大学可持续发展报告中领导声明的跨文化流派分析
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228024
Danni Yu
Background: Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important issue in higher education (HE). Leadership statements in university sustainability reports (LSUSR) represent a unique genre for university leaders to communicate sustainability. This study aims to demystify the genre so that future leadership statements might be crafted with a greater degree of reflexivity. Literature review: Sustainability discourse in HE has been regarded as a legitimacy tool and an opportunity for image improvement for universities. Some studies have examined university sustainability reports, whereas there is a lack of studies focusing on the section of leadership statements. Research question: Are there any cross-cultural similarities or differences in terms of rhetorical moves and communicative purposes between the Italian LSUSR genre and the American LSUSR genre? Research methodology: Using cross-cultural genre analysis, this study investigates the rhetorical moves of leadership statements produced by Italian and American universities. A move scheme is established and is used to annotate the sample texts. Results and conclusion: The findings show that although the Italian and American LSUSR genres share the communicative purpose of establishing a sustainable image, the degree of discourse force exerting on this communicative purpose varies. The image-building discourse force appears to be more noticeable in the American leadership statements, which tend to use a wider range and a larger quantity of image-improving moves. The Italian subcorpus, on the other hand, seems to pay more attention to the genre function of report-introducing, which is not explicitly linked to image improvement. This article suggests that practitioners could consider the potentials of the LSUSR genre in developing an institutional culture of sustainability.
背景:可持续性正成为高等教育中一个日益重要的问题。大学可持续发展报告(LSUSR)中的领导力声明代表了大学领导者传达可持续发展的一种独特类型。这项研究旨在揭开这一类型的神秘面纱,以便未来的领导声明可能会有更大程度的自反性。文献综述:高等教育中的可持续性话语被视为一种合法性工具,也是改善大学形象的机会。一些研究审查了大学可持续发展报告,而缺乏关注领导力声明部分的研究。研究问题:意大利LSUSR文体与美国LSUSR体裁在修辞手法和交际目的方面是否存在跨文化异同?研究方法:运用跨文化体裁分析法,对意大利和美国大学领导话语的修辞动作进行了研究。建立了一个移动方案,用于对样本文本进行注释。结果与结论:研究结果表明,尽管意大利和美国的LSUSR流派都有建立可持续形象的交际目的,但话语力对这种交际目的的作用程度各不相同。在美国领导层的声明中,塑造形象的话语力似乎更为明显,这些声明往往使用更广泛、更大量的形象提升举措。另一方面,意大利的子中心似乎更注重报道介绍的类型功能,而这与形象提升没有明确的联系。本文建议从业者可以考虑LSUSR类型在发展可持续的制度文化方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Using Eye Tracking to Study Information Selection and Use in Procedures 用眼动追踪研究程序中的信息选择和使用
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228021
Michael Meng
Background: Procedures are an important part of instructional materials. To support practitioners in designing effective procedures, research is needed on how users select information from a procedure and put it to use. This study demonstrates how eye tracking can be used to inform such research. Eye tracking is used to study effects of adding pictures to procedures in a software tutorial on how users interact with procedures. Literature review: Existing methods have led to important insights but face limitations. Eye tracking has the potential to overcome some of these limitations. However, research designs are needed that leave it to the user when to read and when to act. Research questions: 1. Does adding pictures to procedures improve user performance and, if so, why? What can we learn from eye tracking about the mechanisms that bring about performance improvements? 2. How do users interact with procedures that they read “to do”? What can we learn from eye tracking about reading strategies that they spontaneously adopt? Methodology: Eye movements were recorded from 42 participants as they worked through one of two versions of a tutorial: with or without pictures. Results: Accuracy on tasks was higher when the procedures included pictures. Including pictures sped up processing the instructions and executing the actions, but did not trigger more attention switches between the procedures and the application that the users worked with. Users spontaneously adopted a strategy of immediate task execution and processed pictures before acting. Conclusions: Pictures facilitate efficient processing of procedures, leaving more resources for task execution. Reading and acting are tightly connected in a complex pattern. Eye tracking will be of value to examine their interplay further and the ways that it can be influenced by design.
背景:程序是教学材料的重要组成部分。为了支持从业者设计有效的程序,需要研究用户如何从程序中选择信息并将其使用。这项研究证明了眼动追踪可以用来为这类研究提供信息。眼动追踪用于研究在软件教程中向程序添加图片对用户如何与程序交互的影响。文献综述:现有的方法已经产生了重要的见解,但面临局限性。眼动追踪技术有可能克服其中的一些限制。然而,研究设计需要留给用户什么时候阅读,什么时候行动。研究问题:1;向过程中添加图片是否提高了用户性能,如果是,为什么?我们能从眼动追踪中学到什么关于提高性能的机制?2. 用户如何与他们阅读“要做”的过程交互?我们能从眼动追踪中了解到他们自发采用的阅读策略吗?方法:记录了42名参与者的眼球运动,他们在两种版本的教程中学习:有或没有图片。结果:当程序包含图片时,任务的准确性更高。添加图片可以加快处理指令和执行操作的速度,但并没有在用户使用的程序和应用程序之间引发更多的注意力切换。用户自发采取立即执行任务的策略,在行动前处理图片。结论:图片有助于流程的高效处理,为任务的执行留下更多的资源。阅读和表演以一种复杂的模式紧密相连。眼动追踪对于进一步研究它们之间的相互作用以及受设计影响的方式是有价值的。
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引用次数: 0
360° Video for Research Communication and Dissemination: A Case Study and Guidelines 360°视频用于研究传播:案例研究和指南
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228022
Daniel Wuebben;Jose Luis Rubio-Tamayo;Manuel Gertrudix Barrio;Juan Romero-Luis
Introduction: 360° videos are increasingly popular channels for science communication and higher education; however, time-limited 360° videos that disseminate scientific research via platforms like YouTube remain underexamined. To address this problem, this experience report reviews the creation and evaluation of six 2D video interviews and six 360° video tours. About the case: The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and other public-facing organizations already publish 2D videos on social media channels and host 360° video content on their institutional websites. This case addresses the affordances and constraints of creating short 360° videos for publication on public-facing platforms. Situating the case: 360° video content has been incorporated into science communication and pedagogical practices in higher education. The authors review these developments and show the need for further research on time-limited 360° video. Methods/approach: Scientists researching energy-related technologies were invited to record 2D video interviews. Based on these interviews, six transcripts for 360° videos were drafted and recorded in the same lab settings. When the videos were published, European researchers and communication professionals were recruited to complete a short survey evaluating the videos’ relative merits. Results/discussion: The survey results (n = 32) suggest a similar overall quality of the 2D video interviews and 360° video tours. Respondents ranked the interviewee or narrator as the best feature of both the 2D and 360° format, and 47% said that they would prefer to have a 360° video created about their research. Based on our experience, we provide guidelines related to the production and publication of short 360° videos. Conclusion: Further research and practice are required to understand which specific features of the 360° videos are most effective and whether this technology offers distinct advantages as a tool for dissemination. Further research and practice will establish more detailed approaches to 360° video.
简介:360°视频越来越成为科学传播和高等教育的热门渠道;然而,通过YouTube等平台传播科学研究的限时360°视频仍未得到充分审查。为了解决这个问题,本经验报告回顾了六次2D视频采访和六次360°视频之旅的创建和评估。关于此案:欧盟委员会联合研究中心(JRC)和其他面向公众的组织已经在社交媒体渠道上发布2D视频,并在其机构网站上发布360°视频内容。本案例解决了创建360°短视频在面向公众的平台上发布的可供性和限制。案例分析:360°视频内容已纳入高等教育的科学传播和教学实践。作者回顾了这些发展,并表明有必要对限时360°视频进行进一步研究。方法/方法:邀请研究能源相关技术的科学家录制2D视频采访。根据这些采访,在相同的实验室环境中起草并录制了六份360°视频的记录稿。视频发布后,欧洲研究人员和通信专业人员被招募来完成一项简短的调查,评估视频的相对优点。结果/讨论:调查结果(n=32)表明,2D视频采访和360°视频之旅的总体质量相似。受访者将受访者或叙述者列为2D和360°格式的最佳特征,47%的人表示他们更喜欢制作一个关于他们研究的360°视频。根据我们的经验,我们提供与360°短视频的制作和发布相关的指导方针。结论:需要进一步的研究和实践,以了解360°视频的哪些特定功能最有效,以及这项技术作为传播工具是否具有明显的优势。进一步的研究和实践将为360°视频建立更详细的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Planning for Difference: Preparing Students to Create Flexible and Elaborated Team Charters that Can Adapt to Support Diverse Teams 差异规划:让学生准备创建灵活、详细的团队章程,以适应不同团队的支持
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228020
Maria Feuer;Joanna Wolfe
Background: A robust body of research supports the use of team charters to purposefully create a team culture with shared norms and expectations. However, student teams often treat this requirement as busywork and fail to invest the effort needed to create team charters that prepare the team to adapt for obstacles that they may encounter. Situating the case: Teams that do not engage in effective planning for their collaborations are likely to encounter a range of problems including slackers, domineering teammates, curtailed learning opportunities, and general exclusion from the project work—problems that are often exacerbated on diverse teams and that disproportionately affect marginalized populations. About the case: We created three online modules that help students uncover their own tacit expectations for teamwork, share and merge these expectations, and then construct a team charter and task schedules with their teammates. Methods: We used a quasiexperimental design comparing team charters from control and experimental groups to understand how our modules affected students’ charters at a university with a highly international population. Results: Analyses revealed that control group charters tended to invoke universal team norms and assign punishments for failing to uphold those norms. By contrast, experimental group charters were more flexible, acknowledged competing priorities, evidenced greater planning, and articulated processes that could accommodate individual goals, values, and constraints. Conclusions: Charters created after the modules showed more accommodation of difference; however, more research needs to be done to determine whether the more flexible and elaborated charters improve team behaviors.
背景:大量研究支持使用团队章程有目的地创建具有共同规范和期望的团队文化。然而,学生团队经常将这一要求视为繁重的工作,并没有投入所需的精力来创建团队章程,使团队准备好适应他们可能遇到的障碍。情境:没有为合作进行有效规划的团队很可能会遇到一系列问题,包括偷懒者、霸道的团队成员、减少的学习机会,以及普遍被排除在项目工作之外——这些问题在不同的团队中往往会加剧,并且不成比例地影响边缘化人群。关于案例:我们创建了三个在线模块,帮助学生发现自己对团队合作的隐性期望,分享和合并这些期望,然后与他们的队友构建团队章程和任务时间表。方法:我们采用准实验设计,比较对照组和实验组的团队章程,以了解我们的模块如何影响一所人口高度国际化的大学的学生章程。结果:分析表明,控制组章程倾向于援引普遍的团队规范,并对未能遵守这些规范的人进行惩罚。相比之下,实验小组章程更灵活,承认竞争的优先事项,证明更大的计划,以及能够适应个人目标,价值观和约束的明确过程。结论:模块后创建的章程更能适应差异;然而,需要做更多的研究来确定更灵活和更详细的章程是否能改善团队行为。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing Student Learning in Face-to-Face Versus Online Sections of an Information Technology Course 信息技术课程中学生面对面学习与在线学习的比较
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3228025
Samir Shah;Bay Arinze
Background: The recent COVID-19 pandemic forced most universities into online course delivery. As such, the rapid expansion of online learning and the prospect of its permanent increase for many institutions have sharpened the issue of the efficacy of remotely delivered courses. Literature review: Past studies have compared face-to-face (FTF) courses with online courses, with mixed results. However, the broad understanding is that efficacy differs based on the subject area. Educators frequently view theory-based courses as being better suited to online teaching than hands-on or experiential courses. Research question: Can information technology courses—especially those that are more experiential and technical—be supported through online learning given the extent of differences in efficacy between online and face-to-face experiential, technical courses? Research methodology: We compared multiple sections of an experiential IT Outsourcing class over several quarters in two course delivery modes. The two modes were FTF delivery and online synchronous delivery. Students in each course section responded to two surveys where they rated their knowledge of different topics at the start and end of the course. Results: Online students reported greater increases in learning on average across all measured items. Self-reported knowledge gains were significantly greater in five items, mostly in soft skills and project management knowledge. The only significantly improved technical IT skill was in using software for virtual meetings. Conclusions and implications for education: We conclude that universities should embrace teaching experiential IT-based courses virtually, as it is possible to obtain greater improvements in self-efficacy, counter to much existing research. This is especially the case as instructional technology improves.
背景:最近的新冠肺炎疫情迫使大多数大学在线授课。因此,在线学习的快速扩张及其对许多机构的永久增长前景,加剧了远程授课课程的有效性问题。文献综述:过去的研究将面对面课程与在线课程进行了比较,结果喜忧参半。然而,人们普遍认为,疗效因学科领域而异。教育工作者经常认为,与实践或体验课程相比,基于理论的课程更适合在线教学。研究问题:考虑到在线和面对面体验式技术课程之间的效果差异,信息技术课程——尤其是那些更具体验性和技术性的课程——能否通过在线学习得到支持?研究方法:我们比较了两种课程交付模式下几个季度内体验式IT外包课程的多个部分。这两种模式是FTF交付和在线同步交付。每个课程部分的学生都接受了两项调查,在调查中,他们在课程开始和结束时对自己对不同主题的知识进行了评分。结果:在线学生报告说,在所有测量项目中,平均学习量都有更大的增长。自我报告的知识收益在五个项目中显著增加,主要是在软技能和项目管理知识方面。唯一显著提高的IT技术技能是在虚拟会议中使用软件。结论和对教育的启示:我们得出的结论是,大学应该虚拟地教授基于信息技术的体验式课程,因为与许多现有研究相反,有可能在自我效能方面获得更大的提高。随着教学技术的进步,情况尤其如此。
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引用次数: 1
2022 Index IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication Vol. 65 IEEE专业通信学报,第65卷
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3226129
Presents the 2022 author/subject index for this issue of the publication.
为本期出版物提供2022年作者/主题索引。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Professional Communication Society Information IEEE专业通信协会信息
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3221259
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
列出本期出版物的编辑委员会、董事会、现任工作人员、委员会成员和/或协会编辑。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Professional Communication Society Information IEEE专业通信协会信息
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3221262
Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.
列出本期出版物的编辑委员会、董事会、现任工作人员、委员会成员和/或协会编辑。
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引用次数: 0
Writing Futures: Collaborative, Algorithmic, Autonomous: Ann Hill Duin and Isabel Pedersen: [Book Review] 写作未来:协作、算法、自主:Ann Hill Duin和Isabel Pedersen:[书评]
IF 1.7 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1109/TPC.2022.3214411
Alan Houser
The authors of the book present a broad survey of technologies and applications of AI as they particularly impact technical and professional communications. This book presents a broad treatment of its subjects, particularly given the framework of social implications, necessary literacy, and civic engagement that the authors use to explore the three facets of writing futures: collaboration, algorithms, and autonomous agents. The work is a survey of many technologies, applications, and developments, any of which may or may not play a substantial future role in the future of writing. Some of the authors’ examples may seem tangential to the TPC profession, but one cannot always predict future effects. The authors situate the book as “positioning scholars, instructors, and practitioners to plan for rapidly evolving technological and social contexts.” With its broad coverage of emerging technologies, rich citations, and wealth of backing resources, Writing Futures provides a launching point for deeper, focused study in the myriad areas of collaborative technologies, autonomous agents, and AI as they profoundly impact the TPC profession and the human experience.
在人工智能应用程序和平台日益普及和能力不断增强的背景下,技术和专业通信(TPC)行业的成员如何理解、准备和领导变革?TPC学者和从业者如何从社会和道德角度评估基于人工智能的能力?在《书写未来》一书中,合著者Ann Hill Duin和Isabel Pedersen对人工智能的技术和应用进行了广泛的调查,因为它们特别影响TPC。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication
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