Marie Crowe, Jenny Jordan, Richard Porter, Katie Douglas, Cameron Lacey, Bridgette Thwaites, Brendan Sillifant
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of delivering two psychotherapies for primary care patients with depression.
Methods
Patients were referred for psychotherapy from primary care services and were randomly assigned to either Intensive Activation Therapy (IAT; behavioural activation therapy plus cognitive remediation) or Patient-directed Psychoeducation (PDP; a novel psychotherapy based on the diathesis-stress model). The interventions were delivered over 10–12 sessions (IAT) and five sessions (PDP). Feasibility was evaluated by recruitment numbers, patient interviews, ability to deliver an adequate dose, managing risk in a non-medical setting, training new therapists and ensuring treatment fidelity. Mood and functioning were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Qualitative interviews were conducted at 12 weeks.
Results
It was feasible to deliver both therapies to primary care patients with severe depression at baseline. Both therapies were effective, with no difference in improving mood and functioning.
Conclusions
This feasibility study suggests that both IAT and PDP can be feasibly delivered in primary care and could be effective in treating severe depression. The next phase will involve training primary care clinicians to deliver the interventions within routine practice and a further study of the effectiveness of the two therapies in routine clinical care.
{"title":"The Feasibility of Delivering Two Brief Psychotherapies for the Treatment of Depression in Primary Care","authors":"Marie Crowe, Jenny Jordan, Richard Porter, Katie Douglas, Cameron Lacey, Bridgette Thwaites, Brendan Sillifant","doi":"10.1002/capr.12906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of delivering two psychotherapies for primary care patients with depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were referred for psychotherapy from primary care services and were randomly assigned to either Intensive Activation Therapy (IAT; behavioural activation therapy plus cognitive remediation) or Patient-directed Psychoeducation (PDP; a novel psychotherapy based on the diathesis-stress model). The interventions were delivered over 10–12 sessions (IAT) and five sessions (PDP). Feasibility was evaluated by recruitment numbers, patient interviews, ability to deliver an adequate dose, managing risk in a non-medical setting, training new therapists and ensuring treatment fidelity. Mood and functioning were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Qualitative interviews were conducted at 12 weeks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was feasible to deliver both therapies to primary care patients with severe depression at baseline. Both therapies were effective, with no difference in improving mood and functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This feasibility study suggests that both IAT and PDP can be feasibly delivered in primary care and could be effective in treating severe depression. The next phase will involve training primary care clinicians to deliver the interventions within routine practice and a further study of the effectiveness of the two therapies in routine clinical care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frances M. Aunon, Polly Ingram, Noah Wolkowicz, Steve Martino, Heather Kacos, Ethan Spana, Mark Honsberger, Jennifer Klosterman Rielage, Neal Doran, Rachel Carretta, Josephine Ridley, Thorayya Said Giovannelli, Jenny Bannister, Addie Merians, Brittany Howell, Stacey Demirelli, Jason G. Smith, Suzanne E. Decker
Objective
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychological intervention (EBP) for reducing suicide behaviour. While DBT, like many EBPs, was developed and first evaluated in largely white samples in Western contexts, it is now broadly applied. This review assessed how DBT has been adopted or adapted when used with patient populations with minoritised identity constructs.
Methods
We conducted a PRISMA-guided scoping review of articles using DBT with a minoritised patient population. We used an implementation science framework, Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced, to characterise adaptations to the content and context of DBT application. Through PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO, we identified 273 articles where the title or abstract mentioned DBT and described a minoritised adult patient population.
Principle Findings
We found 83.5% (228/273) articles reviewed reported adaptations to DBT content. Specifically, 66.3% (181/273), 44.6% (122/273) and 39.6% (108/273) of articles described reducing, expanding or changing DBT content, respectively. We found that 42.1% of articles (115/273) reported adaptations to the DBT context. Moreover, 57.5% of content adaptations and 65.3% of context adaptations did not specify a reason for adaptation.
Conclusions
This scoping review indicates that the majority of articles of studies using DBT with patients with minoritised identity constructs made adaptations to DBT, but few provided justification for these adaptations. We encourage clinicians and clinical administrators, researchers and policymakers to document adaptations and justifications thereof, and evaluate clinical and implementation outcomes.
{"title":"To Adopt or Adapt: A Scoping Review of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy With Patients With Minoritised Identity Constructs","authors":"Frances M. Aunon, Polly Ingram, Noah Wolkowicz, Steve Martino, Heather Kacos, Ethan Spana, Mark Honsberger, Jennifer Klosterman Rielage, Neal Doran, Rachel Carretta, Josephine Ridley, Thorayya Said Giovannelli, Jenny Bannister, Addie Merians, Brittany Howell, Stacey Demirelli, Jason G. Smith, Suzanne E. Decker","doi":"10.1002/capr.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychological intervention (EBP) for reducing suicide behaviour. While DBT, like many EBPs, was developed and first evaluated in largely white samples in Western contexts, it is now broadly applied. This review assessed how DBT has been adopted or adapted when used with patient populations with minoritised identity constructs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a PRISMA-guided scoping review of articles using DBT with a minoritised patient population. We used an implementation science framework, Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced, to characterise adaptations to the content and context of DBT application. Through PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO, we identified 273 articles where the title or abstract mentioned DBT and described a minoritised adult patient population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Principle Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found 83.5% (228/273) articles reviewed reported adaptations to DBT content. Specifically, 66.3% (181/273), 44.6% (122/273) and 39.6% (108/273) of articles described reducing, expanding or changing DBT content, respectively. We found that 42.1% of articles (115/273) reported adaptations to the DBT context. Moreover, 57.5% of content adaptations and 65.3% of context adaptations did not specify a reason for adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review indicates that the majority of articles of studies using DBT with patients with minoritised identity constructs made adaptations to DBT, but few provided justification for these adaptations. We encourage clinicians and clinical administrators, researchers and policymakers to document adaptations and justifications thereof, and evaluate clinical and implementation outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parental engagement in a child's psychotherapeutic interventions for Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) greatly influences the effectiveness of the treatment. However, various challenges can hinder parents' active participation in these interventions. Aim: To gain a deeper understanding of the challenges parents encounter while engaging in their child's psychotherapeutic interventions, this study explored the specific challenges faced by parents within the Malaysian context.
Materials and Methods
A transcendental phenomenological approach was used in this study to provide an in-depth understanding of the challenges faced by parents during their engagement with their child's mental health services. Applying Seidman's three-interview series, empirical voices from seven parents (six mothers and one father) in peninsula Malaysia were collected. The Stevick–Colaizzi–Keen method was used to analyse data collected from individual interviews.
Results
The parents' experiences of challenges in children's psychotherapeutic interventions uncovered three significant themes with seven subthemes. ‘Delivery of Therapy’ emerged as the first main theme, with cost of therapy, service accessibility and structure of therapy as subthemes. The second main theme was ‘Pre-therapy Preparation’, with preparatory work before therapy and children's level of acceptance as subthemes. Finally, the third main theme was 'Therapist's Professionalism', with the therapist's credibility and working relationship with the therapist as the subthemes.
Discussion
Findings highlight challenges that hinder timely and effective psychotherapeutic interventions, adding emotional strain for parents.
Conclusion
Addressing these challenges through comprehensive mental health policies could empower all stakeholders to deliver high-quality services and foster parental engagement.
{"title":"Parents' Challenges in Children's Psychotherapeutic Interventions: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Hooi Mei Chuah, Melati Sumari","doi":"10.1002/capr.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental engagement in a child's psychotherapeutic interventions for Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) greatly influences the effectiveness of the treatment. However, various challenges can hinder parents' active participation in these interventions. Aim: To gain a deeper understanding of the challenges parents encounter while engaging in their child's psychotherapeutic interventions, this study explored the specific challenges faced by parents within the Malaysian context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A transcendental phenomenological approach was used in this study to provide an in-depth understanding of the challenges faced by parents during their engagement with their child's mental health services. Applying Seidman's three-interview series, empirical voices from seven parents (six mothers and one father) in peninsula Malaysia were collected. The Stevick–Colaizzi–Keen method was used to analyse data collected from individual interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The parents' experiences of challenges in children's psychotherapeutic interventions uncovered three significant themes with seven subthemes. ‘Delivery of Therapy’ emerged as the first main theme, with cost of therapy, service accessibility and structure of therapy as subthemes. The second main theme was ‘Pre-therapy Preparation’, with preparatory work before therapy and children's level of acceptance as subthemes. Finally, the third main theme was 'Therapist's Professionalism', with the therapist's credibility and working relationship with the therapist as the subthemes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings highlight challenges that hinder timely and effective psychotherapeutic interventions, adding emotional strain for parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Addressing these challenges through comprehensive mental health policies could empower all stakeholders to deliver high-quality services and foster parental engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotional labour has been extensively investigated in the service sector, where employees manage their emotions to ensure a positive customer experience. However, there is a dearth of research into how therapists perform emotional labour during therapy sessions. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore psychotherapists' and counsellors' experiences of performing emotional labour in therapeutic settings.
Method
The study used a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four clinical psychologists and four counsellors. The interviews were conducted via video call and lasted about 45–60 min. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes.
Results
The analysis revealed that therapists experience an array of emotions during sessions. However, the expression of these emotions is guided by professional norms and emotional display rules. Participants disclosed that they use several techniques to manage their emotions both during and after sessions and that participating in emotional labour yielded both favourable and unfavourable outcomes for the therapists.
Conclusion
The findings presented in this study provide insight into emotional labour and inform professionals on how this can negatively impact them if not sufficiently addressed. The study highlights the need for further investigation. In the meantime, therapists and counsellors would benefit from integrating the study's findings into their respective practices.
{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Emotional Labour Among Therapists and Counsellors in India","authors":"Pratigya J. Sodemba, Neeraj Panwar","doi":"10.1002/capr.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emotional labour has been extensively investigated in the service sector, where employees manage their emotions to ensure a positive customer experience. However, there is a dearth of research into how therapists perform emotional labour during therapy sessions. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore psychotherapists' and counsellors' experiences of performing emotional labour in therapeutic settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four clinical psychologists and four counsellors. The interviews were conducted via video call and lasted about 45–60 min. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis revealed that therapists experience an array of emotions during sessions. However, the expression of these emotions is guided by professional norms and emotional display rules. Participants disclosed that they use several techniques to manage their emotions both during and after sessions and that participating in emotional labour yielded both favourable and unfavourable outcomes for the therapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings presented in this study provide insight into emotional labour and inform professionals on how this can negatively impact them if not sufficiently addressed. The study highlights the need for further investigation. In the meantime, therapists and counsellors would benefit from integrating the study's findings into their respective practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Art has long been recognised as a powerful medium for self-expression, emotional healing and stress reduction. In the context of academic stress, creative art-based interventions provide students with non-verbal outlets to process emotions and build resilience.
Aim
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two art-based therapeutic techniques - scribbling and gratitude mandala colouring - in reducing academic stress among undergraduate students.
Method
A total of 51 undergraduate students (both male and female) from Salesian College, Siliguri, participated in this pre- and post-intervention pilot study. The Academic Stress Scale, developed by Jain and Dikshit, was administered before and after the 4 week intervention. Participants engaged in weekly 1-h sessions featuring intuitive scribbling, scribble swap, self-gratitude and family gratitude mandala colouring, with weekly assignments. Feedback was collected after each session to capture participants' reflections.
Results
Results showed a significant reduction in academic stress levels post-intervention (t = 3.44, p < 0.001), with a decrease in mean stress scores from 98.70 (SD = 8.96) to 90.35 (SD =13.75). Participants reported increased mindfulness, improved concentration, a sense of relaxation and strengthened relationships with family members.
Conclusion
The techniques enabled creative expression without fear of judgement, fostering self-assurance and better coping mechanisms. This study highlights the potential of art-based interventions addressing academic stress in higher education.
长期以来，艺术一直被认为是自我表达、情感治疗和减轻压力的强大媒介。在学术压力的背景下，创造性的艺术干预为学生提供了非语言的渠道来处理情绪和建立弹性。目的本初步研究旨在评估两种艺术治疗技术-涂鸦和感恩曼荼罗着色-在减轻大学生学业压力方面的有效性。方法对西里古里市慈幼学院51名本科生（男女均有）进行干预前和干预后的初步研究。由Jain和Dikshit开发的学业压力量表在4周干预前后进行。参与者每周进行1小时的课程，包括直觉涂鸦，涂鸦交换，自我感恩和家庭感恩曼陀罗涂色，每周作业。每次会议结束后都会收集反馈，以捕捉参与者的想法。结果干预后学业压力水平显著降低（t = 3.44, p < 0.001），平均压力评分由98.70分（SD = 8.96）降至90.35分（SD =13.75）。参与者报告说，他们的注意力增强了，注意力集中了，放松了，与家人的关系也加强了。结论：该技术使创造性表达不惧评判，培养自信和更好的应对机制。这项研究强调了以艺术为基础的干预措施解决高等教育中学业压力的潜力。
{"title":"Canvas of Calm: A Pilot Study on Art-Based Interventions for Academic Stress Management in Higher Education","authors":"Komal Surana, Paramita Datta","doi":"10.1002/capr.12904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12904","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Art has long been recognised as a powerful medium for self-expression, emotional healing and stress reduction. In the context of academic stress, creative art-based interventions provide students with non-verbal outlets to process emotions and build resilience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two art-based therapeutic techniques - scribbling and gratitude mandala colouring - in reducing academic stress among undergraduate students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 51 undergraduate students (both male and female) from Salesian College, Siliguri, participated in this pre- and post-intervention pilot study. The Academic Stress Scale, developed by Jain and Dikshit, was administered before and after the 4 week intervention. Participants engaged in weekly 1-h sessions featuring intuitive scribbling, scribble swap, self-gratitude and family gratitude mandala colouring, with weekly assignments. Feedback was collected after each session to capture participants' reflections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed a significant reduction in academic stress levels post-intervention (<i>t</i> = 3.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a decrease in mean stress scores from 98.70 (SD = 8.96) to 90.35 (SD =13.75). Participants reported increased mindfulness, improved concentration, a sense of relaxation and strengthened relationships with family members.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The techniques enabled creative expression without fear of judgement, fostering self-assurance and better coping mechanisms. This study highlights the potential of art-based interventions addressing academic stress in higher education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the lived experiences of emotional abuse (EA) in Indian parent-adult child relationships, emphasising the intersection of systemic influences in maintaining EA. Employing a social justice framework, the research explored pathways to foster ‘change’ at both individual and societal levels to address EA.
Methods
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten participants undergoing therapy, and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Results
Four master themes emerged: ‘State of Lack’, ‘Lack of Relatability to Gender and Culture Norms’, ‘Therapy as a Catalyst for Regaining Sense of Self and Empowerment’, and ‘Cultural Shifts, Therapeutic Integration and Redefining Norms to Address Emotional Abuse’.
Conclusion
The findings emphasise the contribution of gender and cultural norms in the reinforcement of EA, while highlighting therapy's potential in fostering individual healing while advocating for societal transformation. Our study adds valuable literature to the fields of counselling, social justice research, cultural psychology, social psychology, and feminist psychology, and provides a basis for future research.
{"title":"Exploring Therapeutic Change in Indian Clients Experiencing Emotional Abuse: A Social Justice Approach to Counselling","authors":"Natania Cheguvera, Aditi Ashok Arur","doi":"10.1002/capr.12908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12908","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the lived experiences of emotional abuse (EA) in Indian parent-adult child relationships, emphasising the intersection of systemic influences in maintaining EA. Employing a social justice framework, the research explored pathways to foster ‘change’ at both individual and societal levels to address EA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten participants undergoing therapy, and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four master themes emerged: ‘State of Lack’, ‘Lack of Relatability to Gender and Culture Norms’, ‘Therapy as a Catalyst for Regaining Sense of Self and Empowerment’, and ‘Cultural Shifts, Therapeutic Integration and Redefining Norms to Address Emotional Abuse’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings emphasise the contribution of gender and cultural norms in the reinforcement of EA, while highlighting therapy's potential in fostering individual healing while advocating for societal transformation. Our study adds valuable literature to the fields of counselling, social justice research, cultural psychology, social psychology, and feminist psychology, and provides a basis for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cate F. Woods, Virginia V. W. McIntosh, Christopher M. Frampton, Frances A. Carter, Helen C. Colhoun, Jennifer Jordan, Rebekah A. Smith, Caroline Bell
Background
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have examined its effectiveness among individuals exposed to natural disasters. Group CBT could be an efficient way to treat disaster-related PTSD, but it is unclear how the outcome of group and individual formats compare.
Aims
The current study used a non-controlled design to examine CBT outcomes among adults with severe, ongoing earthquake-related distress and a non-randomised design to compare the outcomes of group and individual CBT.
Materials & Methods
Participants were 175 adults with earthquake-related PTSD or adjustment disorder consecutively referred for treatment at a specialist mental health service between one and four and a half years post-earthquake. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures pertaining to PTSD severity; depression, anxiety, and stress; fear and avoidance; social adjustment; aggression; and resilience before and after treatment.
Results
Following treatment, 92.3% of participants (with available interview data) no longer met criteria for their primary earthquake-related disorder (PTSD or adjustment disorder), and significant reductions in PTSD severity were observed. Following treatment, participants had significantly fewer mental disorders, less depression, anxiety, stress, fear, avoidance, and aggression, and greater social adjustment and resilience. Treatment format (group vs. individual) and timing of treatment presentation were not associated with any treatment outcomes of interest.
Conclusion
Findings suggest CBT is effective for individuals exposed to natural disasters when delivered in real-world post-disaster settings. Group CBT is an efficient way to treat large numbers of people using limited resources, strengthening the rationale for group treatment following natural disasters.
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Earthquake-Related Distress","authors":"Cate F. Woods, Virginia V. W. McIntosh, Christopher M. Frampton, Frances A. Carter, Helen C. Colhoun, Jennifer Jordan, Rebekah A. Smith, Caroline Bell","doi":"10.1002/capr.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have examined its effectiveness among individuals exposed to natural disasters. Group CBT could be an efficient way to treat disaster-related PTSD, but it is unclear how the outcome of group and individual formats compare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study used a non-controlled design to examine CBT outcomes among adults with severe, ongoing earthquake-related distress and a non-randomised design to compare the outcomes of group and individual CBT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 175 adults with earthquake-related PTSD or adjustment disorder consecutively referred for treatment at a specialist mental health service between one and four and a half years post-earthquake. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and self-report measures pertaining to PTSD severity; depression, anxiety, and stress; fear and avoidance; social adjustment; aggression; and resilience before and after treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following treatment, 92.3% of participants (with available interview data) no longer met criteria for their primary earthquake-related disorder (PTSD or adjustment disorder), and significant reductions in PTSD severity were observed. Following treatment, participants had significantly fewer mental disorders, less depression, anxiety, stress, fear, avoidance, and aggression, and greater social adjustment and resilience. Treatment format (group vs. individual) and timing of treatment presentation were not associated with any treatment outcomes of interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest CBT is effective for individuals exposed to natural disasters when delivered in real-world post-disaster settings. Group CBT is an efficient way to treat large numbers of people using limited resources, strengthening the rationale for group treatment following natural disasters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Person-centred experiential therapy (PCET) is an evidence-based psychological therapy for the treatment of depression delivered within the English NHS Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression programme. Process research is needed to understand how therapists operationalise the experiential components which, according to emotion theory, constitute mechanisms of change.
Method
Digital session recordings for 15 PCE therapists in the PRaCTICED trial that received the highest mean score for experiential specificity, emotion regulation sensitivity and emotion focus were selected and transcribed. NVivo was employed to conduct a qualitative analysis of the transcripts using framework analysis. These three experiential items constituted a priori themes, with the most specific subthemes identified as therapist interventions. Representative exemplars were synthesised from verbatim therapist and client exchanges to illustrate each intervention.
Results
Four themes were identified: reflecting, intensifying feelings, understanding, and active guiding, with 12 subthemes, and 26 types of therapist intervention. The sequence of four themes suggests a range of interventions which reflect increasing activeness of therapist contributions in the session. The procedure adopted demonstrates that it is possible to generate exemplars for psychotherapeutic interventions based on anonymised but real practice which have potential utility for training, supervision and deliberate practice.
Conclusions
Therapists' interventions conform to emotion theory, offering active interventions woven into a nondirective person-centred relationship. The four themes suggested a loose sequence of experiential interventions, beginning with the therapist helping to orient the client towards their emotions, through identifying, articulating and exploring emotions, to working with emotional processes to resolve distress.
{"title":"How Therapists Operationalise the Experiential Components of Person-Centred Experiential Therapy in the Treatment of Depression: Generating Psychotherapeutic Exemplars for Training Practitioners","authors":"Rinda Haake, Gillian E. Hardy, Michael Barkham","doi":"10.1002/capr.12909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Person-centred experiential therapy (PCET) is an evidence-based psychological therapy for the treatment of depression delivered within the English NHS Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression programme. Process research is needed to understand how therapists operationalise the experiential components which, according to emotion theory, constitute mechanisms of change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital session recordings for 15 PCE therapists in the PRaCTICED trial that received the highest mean score for <i>experiential specificity, emotion regulation sensitivity</i> and <i>emotion focus</i> were selected and transcribed. NVivo was employed to conduct a qualitative analysis of the transcripts using framework analysis. These three experiential items constituted a priori themes, with the most specific subthemes identified as therapist interventions. Representative exemplars were synthesised from verbatim therapist and client exchanges to illustrate each intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four themes were identified: reflecting, intensifying feelings, understanding, and active guiding, with 12 subthemes, and 26 types of therapist intervention. The sequence of four themes suggests a range of interventions which reflect increasing activeness of therapist contributions in the session. The procedure adopted demonstrates that it is possible to generate exemplars for psychotherapeutic interventions based on anonymised but real practice which have potential utility for training, supervision and deliberate practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Therapists' interventions conform to emotion theory, offering active interventions woven into a nondirective person-centred relationship. The four themes suggested a loose sequence of experiential interventions, beginning with the therapist helping to orient the client towards their emotions, through identifying, articulating and exploring emotions, to working with emotional processes to resolve distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Z. MacDonald, Madeline Bradley, Tracy Neville
Background
Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), including those administered online, have demonstrated efficacy in promoting mental health among college students. Few studies, however, have examined participants' lived experiences of engaging in these interventions when administered online.
Method
The current qualitative study investigated nine college students' experiences of participating in a randomised controlled trial of an online adaptation of mindfulness-based stress reduction, a group intervention administered during the fall 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Two themes and eight subthemes were identified. The first theme centred on advantages of the intervention's online modality. The college student participants described greater comfort, a strong instructor, broadened social connections and enhanced community in the context of the online intervention. The second theme surrounded challenges of the intervention's online format, and subthemes included environmental distractions, impersonal modality, difficulty connecting with others and technology issues.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for health promotion programmes specifically targeting college students; online MBIs may increase access to these interventions. Promoting the strengths and addressing the limitations of online MBIs among this population are essential as this modality of treatment becomes more widely employed across college campuses.
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Interpersonal empathy is a well-researched concept in the counselling and psychotherapy literature, although less is known about how it is experienced at an intrapersonal level. What is known is that self-empathy involves a change in perspective and a re-evaluation of events, in kinder and less judgemental ways.
Aim
The aim of this study was to understand and appreciate the meaning of self-empathy to trainee creative psychotherapists. The research was in the context of the students' own self-care and intrapersonal relating.
Methodology and Methods
An interpretative poetic inquiry design was utilised. Interviews were conducted with 4 trainee creative psychotherapists at a university in the Northwest of England, UK.
Results
Self-empathy was experienced as a process, often involving several aspects of the self, to understand and accept feelings and events in the context of self-care. Development of self-empathy involved internal dialoguing through activities such as journaling, poetry writing, meditation, and being outdoors. The use of interpretative poetic inquiry enabled the emotional aspects of the data to be distilled and combined reflexively with the experiences of the researchers.
Conclusions
This research provides contemporary insights into the experiences of self-empathy from the perspective of a small number of trainee creative psychotherapists. It has implications for students in terms of self-understanding and self-care, and for educators, to inform future psychotherapist preparation and curriculum development. Finally, there are implications for future research using interpretative poetic inquiry as a reflexive approach, which embraces the presence of the researcher in the research.
{"title":"Student Psychotherapists' Experiences of Self-Empathy: An Interpretative Poetic Inquiry","authors":"Kirsten Jack, Supritha Aithal","doi":"10.1002/capr.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interpersonal empathy is a well-researched concept in the counselling and psychotherapy literature, although less is known about how it is experienced at an intrapersonal level. What is known is that self-empathy involves a change in perspective and a re-evaluation of events, in kinder and less judgemental ways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to understand and appreciate the meaning of self-empathy to trainee creative psychotherapists. The research was in the context of the students' own self-care and intrapersonal relating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An interpretative poetic inquiry design was utilised. Interviews were conducted with 4 trainee creative psychotherapists at a university in the Northwest of England, UK.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-empathy was experienced as a process, often involving several aspects of the self, to understand and accept feelings and events in the context of self-care. Development of self-empathy involved internal dialoguing through activities such as journaling, poetry writing, meditation, and being outdoors. The use of interpretative poetic inquiry enabled the emotional aspects of the data to be distilled and combined reflexively with the experiences of the researchers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research provides contemporary insights into the experiences of self-empathy from the perspective of a small number of trainee creative psychotherapists. It has implications for students in terms of self-understanding and self-care, and for educators, to inform future psychotherapist preparation and curriculum development. Finally, there are implications for future research using interpretative poetic inquiry as a reflexive approach, which embraces the presence of the researcher in the research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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