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Online coverage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Anglo-American democracies: internet news coverage and pandemic politics in the USA, Canada, and New Zealand 新冠肺炎疫情在英美民主国家的在线报道:美国、加拿大和新西兰的互联网新闻报道和疫情政治
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1997869
Udi Sommer, Or Rappel-Kroyzer
ABSTRACT We examine how internet media outlets in key Anglo-American democracies differed under a similar external shock: the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. COVID-19 posed a special challenge to democracy, juxtaposing it with alternative forms of government, which may be better positioned to deal with such a crisis. The online media, as the watchdog of democracy, played a key role. As the pandemic started to spread worldwide, three democracies – the USA, Canada, and New Zealand – were of particular interest. The USA had the highest number of cases and deaths, considerably more than its neighbor to the north. NZ was the democracy that most effectively dealt with the pandemic. We comprehensively study the coverage of the outbreak on the internet website of a newspaper of record in each. Data were harvested for the universe of 27,089 articles published online between mid-February and early May on the websites of the New York Times, New Zealand Herald, and the Globe and Mail. Natural learning processing and dependency parsing are the methods used to analyze the data. We find meaningful differences between the outlets in timing, structure, and content. Compared with their US counterpart, the online watchdogs of democracy in Canada and NZ – where COVID-19 politics were far more effective – barked louder, clearer and 2 weeks earlier.
我们研究了英美主要民主国家的互联网媒体在类似的外部冲击下的差异:2020年初新冠肺炎大流行的爆发。2019冠状病毒病对民主构成了特殊挑战,并将其与其他政府形式相提并论,后者可能更有能力应对此类危机。网络媒体作为民主的监督者发挥了关键作用。随着疫情开始在全球蔓延,三个民主国家——美国、加拿大和新西兰——受到了特别关注。美国的病例和死亡人数最多,远远超过其北部邻国。新西兰是最有效应对这一流行病的民主国家。我们综合研究了各有记录的报纸网站对疫情的报道。数据收集了2月中旬至5月初在《纽约时报》、《新西兰先驱报》和《环球邮报》网站上发表的27,089篇文章。自然学习处理和依赖关系分析是用于分析数据的方法。我们发现这些媒体在时间、结构和内容上存在显著差异。与美国同行相比,加拿大和新西兰的民主网络监管机构——在这两个国家,新冠肺炎政治要有效得多——咆哮得更响亮、更清晰,也早了两周。
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引用次数: 4
What is political expression on social media anyway?: A systematic review 社交媒体上的政治表达到底是什么?:系统回顾
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1985031
D. Lane, K. Do, Nancy Molina-Rogers
ABSTRACT While a growing number of studies have examined political expression in the context of social media, fundamental questions remain about the communicative processes under study and the transformative role played by social media technologies. Accordingly, this paper undertakes a systematic review of quantitative studies that explicitly examine political expression on social media (N = 66) in order to clarify how past scholarship has conceptualized and measured political expression. In addition to identifying biases toward survey methodology (86.4% of studies) and the United States context (50% of studies), results indicate that political expression is often under-conceptualized and inconsistently measured. Yet the review highlights several ways in which this burgeoning literature provides opportunities to sharpen political expression as a distinctly useful concept for studying political communication in the digital age. To this end, we offer several recommendations for better theorization and measurement in this area of research.
摘要尽管越来越多的研究考察了社交媒体背景下的政治表达,但关于所研究的交际过程以及社交媒体技术所发挥的变革作用,仍然存在一些基本问题。因此,本文对明确研究社交媒体上政治表达的定量研究进行了系统回顾(N=66),以澄清过去的学术界是如何概念化和衡量政治表达的。除了识别对调查方法(86.4%的研究)和美国背景(50%的研究)的偏见外,研究结果还表明,政治表达往往概念化不足,衡量不一致。然而,这篇综述强调了这一新兴文献提供机会的几种方式,将政治表达作为研究数字时代政治传播的一个明显有用的概念。为此,我们提出了一些建议,以便在这一研究领域更好地进行理论化和测量。
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引用次数: 11
The impact of moral framing in the 2016 U.S. presidential debates on moral judgments and self-transcendent emotions in tweets 2016年美国总统辩论中的道德框架对推文中道德判断和自我超越情绪的影响
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1977757
Xiao Wang, Yang Yu
ABSTRACT Given the sizable viewership of the U.S. presidential debates and the importance of moral sentiments in human behavior, this present investigation examined the relationship between moral framing in the U.S. presidential debates and the changes of moral words and self-transcendent emotions in tweets. For each presidential debate in 2016, we collected tweets on the day of the debate and the day after the debate. A total of 991,835 tweets were coded using the “bag-of-words” approach and supervised machine learning. The results showed that Clinton’s moral framing during the 2016 presidential debates was generally associated with harm/care and fairness in the tweets, whereas Trump’s moral framing was associated with ingroup loyalty and authority in the tweets. Interrupted time series analyses indicated that the effects of the debates on the moral words and self-transcendent emotions in the tweets were limited. Political candidates should aim to induce and then sustain moral sentiments in voters.
鉴于美国总统辩论的大量观众和道德情绪在人类行为中的重要性,本研究考察了美国总统辩论中的道德框架与推特中道德话语和自我超越情绪的变化之间的关系。对于2016年的每一场总统辩论,我们都收集了辩论当天和辩论后第二天的推文。总共有991,835条推文使用“词袋”方法和监督机器学习进行编码。结果显示,2016年总统大选辩论期间,希拉里的道德框架通常与推特上的伤害/关怀和公平有关,而特朗普的道德框架则与推特上的群体忠诚和权威有关。中断时间序列分析表明,辩论对推文中道德话语和自我超越情绪的影响是有限的。政治候选人应该致力于诱导并维持选民的道德情操。
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引用次数: 0
Public “agendamelding” in the United States: assessing the relative influence of different types of online news on partisan agendas from 2015 to 2020 美国的公共“代理”:评估2015年至2020年不同类型的网络新闻对党派议程的相对影响
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1972893
Chris J. Vargo
ABSTRACT Using Gallup survey data and online news from 2015 to 2020, this study explored the degree to which audiences “meld” agendas from a wide array of news sources for the five most popular issues in the U.S.: the government and politicians, immigration, the economy, race relations, and healthcare. Overall, audiences of varying ideology had agendas that were congruent. Media agendas also appeared congruent, except on the issue of the economy. Conservative news media had a strong influence on audience issue salience. Horizontal (all partisan) and vertical (nonpartisan) media were in a virtual tie for influence among audiences. Despite an erosion in media trust, conservatives were receptive to issue salience from news media of all types, including liberal media. Liberals did not mirror elite media issue saliences, but were influenced by all other types of media, including conservative media. Moderates were influenced by the entire media landscape, to a somewhat even degree. Four out of the five issues studied here showed varying news media influence with no one media group nor ideology owning the agendas of an issue. The exception observed here was the issue of healthcare, which was influenced exclusively by liberal media for all three ideological groups.
本研究利用盖洛普(Gallup) 2015年至2020年的调查数据和在线新闻,探讨了受众在多大程度上“融合”了来自广泛新闻来源的议程,涉及美国最受欢迎的五个问题:政府和政治家、移民、经济、种族关系和医疗保健。总体而言,不同意识形态的受众的议程是一致的。除了在经济问题上,媒体的议程也显得一致。保守派新闻媒体对受众问题的关注度有很大的影响。横向(所有党派)和纵向(无党派)媒体在受众中的影响力实际上不相上下。尽管媒体信任受到侵蚀,但保守派还是乐于接受包括自由派媒体在内的各种新闻媒体对问题的关注。自由主义者没有反映精英媒体问题的突出性,但受到包括保守派媒体在内的所有其他类型媒体的影响。温和派受到整个媒体格局的影响,在某种程度上是均匀的。这里研究的五个问题中有四个显示出不同的新闻媒体影响,没有一个媒体集团或意识形态拥有一个问题的议程。这里观察到的例外是医疗保健问题,它完全受到三个意识形态群体的自由派媒体的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Explaining digital campaign expenses: The case of the 2018 legislative elections in Colombia 解释数字竞选费用:以哥伦比亚2018年立法选举为例
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1973643
Gunther Vanden Eynde, Bart Maddens
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the investment in digital tools and the allocation of communication expenses in a Global South country with an uneven digital penetration rate. Data were collected for 2,563 candidates in the 2018 legislative election in Colombia, based on the official campaign finance disclosure documents. A multivariate analysis shows that particularly challengers invest in social media tools, which is a strong indication in favor of the equalization model. That such an effect is not found for radio and television expenses confirms this interpretation. Candidates on open lists are more inclined to spend on both digital and radio and television tools than candidates on closed lists. At the district level, the odds of spending on digital media increase with the digital media use, but so does the odds of spending on radio and television ads.
本文分析了一个数字普及率不均衡的南半球国家的数字工具投资和通信费用分配情况。根据官方竞选财务披露文件,收集了2018年哥伦比亚立法选举中2563名候选人的数据。一项多变量分析表明,特别的挑战者投资于社交媒体工具,这是一个强烈的迹象,有利于均衡模型。广播和电视费用没有发现这种影响,这证实了这种解释。公开名单上的候选人比封闭名单上的候选人更倾向于在数字和广播电视工具上花钱。在地区层面,随着数字媒体的使用,在数字媒体上的支出几率增加,但在广播和电视广告上的支出几率也是如此。
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引用次数: 3
Does news help us become knowledgeable or think we are knowledgeable? Examining a linkage of traditional and social media use with political knowledge 新闻是帮助我们变得有知识,还是认为我们有知识?考察传统和社交媒体使用与政治知识的联系
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1969611
M. Yamamoto, Fan Yang
ABSTRACT This study examines traditional and social media news use in relation to political knowledge from the perspective of the Dunning-Kruger effect. Data from a two-wave panel survey show that social media use for news is positively related to knowledge miscalibration, or a mismatch between subjective and factual political knowledge. That is, respondents who use social media for news often tend to overestimate their levels of knowledge. In contrast, traditional news use is negatively associated with knowledge miscalibration. These results seem attributable to the role of social media news use in fostering subjective political knowledge and traditional news use in facilitating factual learning. Implications are discussed for the role of news consumption in the political process.
本研究从邓宁-克鲁格效应的角度考察了传统媒体和社交媒体新闻使用与政治知识的关系。来自两波面板调查的数据显示,社交媒体对新闻的使用与知识校准或主观与事实政治知识之间的不匹配呈正相关。也就是说,使用社交媒体获取新闻的受访者往往倾向于高估自己的知识水平。相反,传统新闻的使用与知识偏差呈负相关。这些结果似乎可归因于社交媒体新闻使用在培养主观政治知识和传统新闻使用在促进事实学习中的作用。本文还讨论了新闻消费在政治过程中的作用。
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引用次数: 8
Constituent connections: senators’ reputation building in the age of social media 选民关系:参议员在社交媒体时代的声誉建设
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-08-22 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1949658
A. Russell
ABSTRACT Twitter is changing strategic messaging in the U.S. Senate. Senators are using Twitter to frame their political brand for constituents, fostering a new digital dialog with constituents. I propose a constituent-driven theory of strategic messaging where senators curate a reputation on Twitter that matches their perceived expectations of their primary constituency. Representation on social media challenges what we know about senators’ institutionally and politically constrained behavior by analyzing them in a new media climate where individual discretion is high and the costs are low. Using a unique dataset of more than 180,000 hand-coded tweets by senators, I show that senators develop two types of digital constituent relationships – an issue-oriented, national reputation versus traditional outreach to geographic constituents. Senators with issue-based constituencies prioritize policy, conveying an issue-driven style of representation; however, senators with tepid electoral futures pair their policy rhetoric with state-based issues or local concerns. These findings expand the scope of existing theories on congressional communication and link the technological shifts in Congress to information senators use to build relationships with voters.
推特正在改变美国参议院的战略信息。参议员们正在利用Twitter为选民塑造自己的政治品牌,与选民建立一种新的数字对话。我提出了一种选民驱动的战略信息传递理论,即参议员在Twitter上策划一种符合他们对主要选民预期的声誉。通过在个人自由裁量权高、成本低的新媒体环境中分析参议员的行为,社交媒体上的代表对我们所知道的参议员受到制度和政治约束的行为提出了挑战。我使用一个由参议员手工编码的18万多条推文组成的独特数据集,表明参议员发展了两种类型的数字选民关系——一种以问题为导向的国家声誉,另一种是传统的对地理选民的宣传。以问题为基础的选区的参议员优先考虑政策,传达出一种以问题为导向的代表风格;然而,在选举前景不温不火的参议员们,他们的政策言论往往与州或地方问题挂钩。这些发现扩大了现有国会沟通理论的范围,并将国会的技术变革与参议员用来与选民建立关系的信息联系起来。
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引用次数: 3
Fake news self-efficacy, fake news identification, and content sharing on Facebook 假新闻自我效能感、假新闻识别和Facebook上的内容共享
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1962778
Toby Hopp
ABSTRACT This study explored the concept of self-efficacy in the context of fake news identification and sharing on Facebook. The results indicated that those scoring high on a measure of Facebook-based fake news self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in one’s ability to identify factually incorrect current events information on Facebook) performed increasingly well on a fake news identification and classification task. For its part, the ability to identify and properly classify fake news was shown to be negatively related to the self-reported likelihood of sharing of fake news on Facebook.
摘要本研究探讨了虚假新闻识别和Facebook分享背景下的自我效能感概念。结果表明,那些在基于Facebook的假新闻自我效能(即对自己在Facebook上识别事实不正确的时事信息的能力的信心)测试中得分较高的人在假新闻识别和分类任务中的表现越来越好。就其本身而言,识别和正确分类假新闻的能力被证明与在Facebook上分享假新闻的自我报告可能性呈负相关。
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引用次数: 18
The ‘new age’ of political participation? WhatsApp and call to action on the Brazilian senate’s consultations on the e-cidadania portal 政治参与的“新时代”?WhatsApp和呼吁对巴西参议院关于e-cidadania门户网站的磋商采取行动
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1962779
Viktor Chagas, Isabele Mitozo, Samuel Barros, João Guilherme Santos, Dilvan Azevedo
ABSTRACT Mobile Instant Messaging Services (MIMS) were first used for political campaigning in the 2018 Brazilian elections; they were also used for engaging people in public consultations. This article aims to analyze the specifics of the call to action used on WhatsApp for consultations on the Brazilian Senate’s e-Cidadania Portal during the 2018 electoral campaign. Moreover, our research aims to understand the extent to which the calls to action were used in the campaign during a time of strong political polarization in the country. The methodology consists of a content analysis aimed at understanding the message content of the consultations, how that content was shared, and similarities between this call to action and the electoral campaign strategies. The results show that this call to action caused a participatory distortion on that particular Portal, the topics covered were part of the elected candidate’s campaign platform, and the strategy was maintained after elections.
摘要移动即时消息服务(MIMS)首次用于2018年巴西大选的政治竞选活动;它们还被用于让人们参与公共协商。本文旨在分析2018年竞选期间,WhatsApp上用于巴西参议院e-Cidadania门户网站协商的行动呼吁的细节。此外,我们的研究旨在了解在该国政治两极分化严重的时期,行动呼吁在竞选中的使用程度。该方法包括内容分析,旨在了解磋商的信息内容、如何分享这些内容,以及这一行动呼吁与竞选战略之间的相似之处。结果表明,这一行动呼吁在该门户网站上造成了参与性扭曲,所涵盖的主题是当选候选人竞选纲领的一部分,该战略在选举后得到了维护。
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引用次数: 6
Complaining and sharing personal concerns as political acts: how everyday talk about childcare and parenting on online forums increases public deliberation and civic engagement in China 抱怨和分享个人担忧是一种政治行为:网络论坛上关于儿童保育和育儿的日常讨论如何促进中国的公众审议和公民参与
IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/19331681.2021.1950096
Yu Sun, Todd Graham, M. Broersma
ABSTRACT Based on a comparative content analysis of political talk in three popular Chinese online forums (government-run, commercial-lifestyle, and commercial-topical), this paper investigates how the private and public spheres are connected thru everyday talk about childcare concerns. Compared to the government-run (party-state) forum, the nonpolitical (lifestyle and topical) forums created open and inclusive ‘third spaces’ for citizens to engage in child welfare politics. In such spaces, the reason, rule-based deliberation was not the dominant communicative practice. Rather, political (narrative) acts of complaining and sharing personal concerns – grounded in citizens’ life experiences – were the norm, capturing and recognizing public problems in the private sphere. We argue that to understand the nature of political talk in Chinese third spaces, communicative acts that have not been considered central to deliberative reasoning, such as complaining and sharing personal concerns should be given more normative importance.
本文通过对中国三个流行的网络论坛(官办论坛、商业生活论坛和商业话题论坛)中政治话题的内容对比分析,探讨了私人领域和公共领域是如何通过儿童保育问题的日常讨论联系起来的。与政府运营的(党国)论坛相比,非政治性(生活方式和话题)论坛为公民参与儿童福利政治创造了开放和包容的“第三空间”。在这样的空间里,理性的、基于规则的思考并不是占主导地位的交际实践。相反,抱怨和分享个人关切的政治(叙事)行为——以公民的生活经历为基础——是常态,捕捉和认识私人领域的公共问题。我们认为,要理解中国第三空间中政治谈话的本质,那些没有被认为是审慎推理的核心的交际行为,如抱怨和分享个人担忧,应该被赋予更多的规范性重要性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Information Technology & Politics
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