IATSS Research最新文献_第8页

Investigating the driving skills-attitudes nexus for safer roads 调查驾驶技能与态度之间的关系，促进道路安全

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.10.001

Mahsa Bayat , Kayvan Aghabayk , Nirajan Shiwakoti

While current research extensively delves into the importance of driving skills and attitudes concerning traffic safety, a conspicuous gap remains in substantiating a meaningful correlation between self-reported driving skills and attitudes toward traffic safety. This underscores the need for more in-depth investigation and empirical evidence to better elucidate the nature of the relationship between self-perceived driving skills and attitudes in the context of traffic safety. This study investigates the relationship between drivers' skills and their attitudes toward traffic safety. Data from 664 drivers were collected through self-report questionnaires covering driving skills, attitudes, and demographic information. Factor analysis revealed three distinct factors for both driving skills (perceptual-motor skills, safety skills, and decisional skills) and driving attitudes (attitudes toward rule violations and speeding, attitudes toward careless driving of others, and attitudes toward drinking and driving). Structural equation models unveiled a significant connection between drivers' attitudes and safety skills, as well as decisional skills. Improved safety skills correlated with less favorable attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, careless driving of others, and drinking and driving. Similarly, enhanced decisional skills were associated with a rise in attitudes toward rule violations, speeding, and disregarding careless driving of others. Demographic analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age and attitude factors/decisional skills, coupled with a positive correlation with safety skills. Older individuals had less favorable attitudes toward rule violation, speeding, careless driving of others, the combination of drinking and driving, and their decisional skills were lower. Gender analysis revealed that men had a lower favorable viewpoint toward all three attitude dimensions and reported higher perceptual-motor and decisional skills compared to safety skills. The findings underscore the significance of safety and decisional skills in shaping attitudes toward traffic safety. Demographic factors, particularly age and gender, play a role in influencing these skills and attitudes, offering valuable insights for interventions and policy considerations.

尽管目前的研究广泛深入地探讨了驾驶技能和交通安全态度的重要性，但在证实自我感觉的驾驶技能与交通安全态度之间有意义的相关性方面仍存在明显差距。因此，有必要进行更深入的调查和实证研究，以更好地阐明自我感觉的驾驶技能与交通安全态度之间关系的本质。本研究调查了驾驶员的驾驶技能与他们对交通安全的态度之间的关系。通过自我报告问卷收集了 664 名驾驶员的数据，内容包括驾驶技能、态度和人口统计信息。因子分析显示，驾驶技能（感知-运动技能、安全技能和决策技能）和驾驶态度（对违章和超速的态度、对他人不小心驾驶的态度和对酒后驾驶的态度）都有三个不同的因子。结构方程模型揭示了驾驶者的态度与安全技能和决策技能之间的重要联系。安全技能的提高与对违规、超速、不小心驾驶他人和酒后驾驶的态度相关。同样，决策技能的提高也与对违反规则、超速和不顾他人安全驾驶的态度上升有关。人口统计学分析表明，年龄与态度因素/决策技能呈反向关系，与安全技能呈正向关系。年龄越大的人对违反规则、超速行驶、不顾他人安全驾驶、酒后驾驶的态度越差，他们的决策能力也越低。性别分析表明，与安全技能相比，男性对所有三个态度维度的好感度都较低，并报告了较高的感知运动技能和决策技能。这些发现强调了安全和决策技能在形成交通安全态度方面的重要性。人口因素，尤其是年龄和性别，在影响这些技能和态度方面发挥着作用，为干预措施和政策考虑提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Toward zero traffic deaths and disabilities with active and passive safety technologies in the association of southeast Asian nations 东南亚国家联盟利用主动和被动安全技术实现交通零死亡和零残疾

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.002

Husam Muslim, Marko Medojevic, Sandra Watanabe, Hisashi Imanaga, Nobuyuki Uchida, Sou Kitajima, Genya Abe

Road traffic crashes caused more than 108,000 deaths and 6,200,000 injuries resulting in 7.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2019. This study estimates that 59 % of these casualties could have been avoided if all vehicles were designed to provide crash protection equivalent to that of the best vehicle safety design in their class and all road users adhered to safety best practices. Results of comparative risk assessments indicate that the application of safety technologies that are considered high priority by the United Nations (anti-lock braking, electronic stability control, occupant restraints, frontal and side airbags, crashworthiness, side-door beam, side structure and padding, and helmets) can save 34,373 lives and avert 2.5 million DALYs annually in ASEAN. While implementing Autonomous emergency braking and lane keeping assistance systems would provide additional reductions estimated at 13,077 fewer deaths and 1,021,220 fewer DALYs, speed-limitation systems would have a larger additional benefit, estimated at 21,394 lives saved and 1,382,530 fewer DALYs. The investigated technologies can be among the best approaches toward zero traffic deaths and can elevate public health burdens in low and middle-income countries.

2019 年，道路交通事故在东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 造成超过 108,000 人死亡，6,200,000 人受伤，导致 770 万残疾调整生命年 (DALY) 损失。本研究估计，如果所有车辆在设计上都能提供相当于同类最佳车辆安全设计的碰撞保护，并且所有道路使用者都能遵守安全最佳实践，那么这些伤亡中的 59% 是可以避免的。比较风险评估的结果表明，在东盟应用被联合国视为高度优先的安全技术（防抱死制动、电子稳定性控制、乘员约束装置、正面和侧面安全气囊、耐撞性、侧门横梁、侧面结构和衬垫以及头盔），每年可挽救 34 373 人的生命，避免 250 万残疾调整寿命年。虽然实施自主紧急制动和车道保持辅助系统可额外减少约 13,077 人的死亡和 1,021,220 人的残疾调整寿命年数，但限速系统的额外效益更大，估计可挽救 21,394 人的生命和减少 1,382,530 人的残疾调整寿命年数。所调查的技术可以成为实现零交通事故死亡的最佳方法之一，并能减轻中低收入国家的公共卫生负担。

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引用次数: 0

Impact analysis of street space quality on pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data 利用移动探针数据分析街道空间质量对行人行为的影响

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.002

Nagahiro Yoshida , Tomohito Nakai

Pedestrian-centered streets are being developed to enhance the attractiveness of cities by creating comfortable and walkable spaces. Recent advancements in information and communication technology have allowed for the analysis of the relationship between street spaces and pedestrian behavior using mobile probe data (MPD). This study examined the characteristics of pedestrian behavior around major railway stations using MPD and assessed the impact of street space quality on pedestrian presence and traffic volume. This study utilized the integration value of the Space Syntax theory to measure the street walkability and the size of retail facilities to determine street attractiveness. The results suggested that street space quality played a conditional role in attracting pedestrians and increasing the traffic volume between stations and commercial areas. This analysis method is effective for identifying the streets where the street space between origins and destinations is underestimated in relation to traffic volume. This can facilitate efforts to convert streets into pedestrian-friendly spaces, thereby enhancing walkability.

目前正在开发以行人为中心的街道，通过创造舒适的步行空间来提高城市的吸引力。信息和通信技术的最新发展使得利用移动探针数据（MPD）分析街道空间与行人行为之间的关系成为可能。本研究利用移动探针数据分析了主要火车站周围的行人行为特征，并评估了街道空间质量对行人存在和交通流量的影响。本研究利用空间句法理论的整合值来衡量街道的可步行性，并利用零售设施的规模来确定街道的吸引力。结果表明，街道空间质量在吸引行人和增加车站与商业区之间的交通流量方面发挥了条件性作用。这种分析方法可以有效地识别出起点和终点之间的街道空间相对于交通流量被低估的街道。这有助于将街道改造成行人友好型空间，从而提高步行能力。

引用次数: 0

Tree-based approaches to understanding factors influencing crash severity across roadway classes: A Thailand case study 基于树状结构的方法来了解影响不同等级道路碰撞严重程度的因素：泰国案例研究

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.09.001

Thanapong Champahom , Chamroeun Se , Fareeda Watcharamaisakul , Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao , Ampol Karoonsoontawong , Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences between various road classifications and their respective crash dynamics, hindering the development of targeted interventions to mitigate crash severity. To address this gap, this study investigates factors influencing the likelihood of fatality in road crashes across highways, collector roads, and local roads in Thailand using crash data from 2015 to 2021. Highways connect regions with high-speed traffic and large volumes, collector roads link smaller communities with lower traffic density but allow higher speeds, and local roads primarily pass through villages, with narrow pathways, two traffic lanes, and frequent motorcycle use. The study employs machine learning methodologies utilizing tree-based algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. The XGBoost model delivered superior performance for highways, while Gradient Boosting slightly outperformed XGBoost for local and collector roads. Both models consistently achieved a test accuracy of 0.70, with precision between 0.66 and 0.67, recall ranging from 0.59 to 0.61, and F1-scores from 0.58 to 0.61. The AUC values also consistently ranged from 0.59 to 0.61. SHAP values reveal key factors influencing fatality risk across road types, including speeding, gender disparities, driving under the influence of alcohol, inadequate lighting, and elderly drivers. Specific concerns include reversing on highways, collisions in poorly lit areas on collector roads, and helmet non-use on local roads. The findings support policy recommendations to address speeding, target male and older drivers, prevent reversing incidents, enhance lighting, and promote helmet use. This research deepens our understanding of factors affecting road crash severity and offers valuable insights for improving road safety across various environments.

现有研究往往忽视了各种道路分类之间的细微差别及其各自的碰撞动态，从而阻碍了制定有针对性的干预措施来减轻碰撞的严重程度。为弥补这一不足，本研究利用 2015 年至 2021 年的碰撞数据，调查了影响泰国高速公路、集散道路和地方道路碰撞致死可能性的因素。高速公路连接交通流量大、车速快的地区，集散道路连接交通密度较低但车速较高的小型社区，而地方道路主要穿过村庄，道路狭窄，只有两条车道，摩托车使用频繁。这项研究采用了机器学习方法，利用基于树的算法，包括决策树、随机森林、梯度提升、AdaBoost、Extra Trees、XGBoost、LightGBM 和 CatBoost。XGBoost 模型在高速公路上表现出色，而梯度提升模型在地方道路和集散道路上的表现略优于 XGBoost。两种模型的测试准确度均达到了 0.70，精确度介于 0.66 和 0.67 之间，召回率介于 0.59 和 0.61 之间，F1 分数介于 0.58 和 0.61 之间。AUC值也始终在0.59到0.61之间。SHAP 值揭示了影响各类道路死亡风险的关键因素，包括超速、性别差异、酒后驾驶、照明不足和老年驾驶员。具体问题包括在高速公路上倒车、在集散道路照明不足的区域发生碰撞，以及在地方道路上不使用头盔。研究结果支持针对超速、男性和老年驾驶者、倒车事故预防、加强照明和推广头盔使用的政策建议。这项研究加深了我们对影响道路交通事故严重程度的因素的理解，并为改善各种环境下的道路安全提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution in Japan's legal system for ensuring traffic safety 日本确保交通安全的法律制度的演变

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.005

Takeyoshi Imai

In Japan, the key pieces of legislations governing road safety, namely the Road Transport Vehicle Act and the Road Traffic Act, have been revised to tackle drunk driving and, recently, to allow the development of self-driving cars. Traffic safety on public roads depends on a holistic system of vehicle control and a graduated response to traffic violation. If small violations are dealt with via a simplified system of fines, drunk driving and other form of dangerous driving need a stronger response that also includes criminal incrimination. The other major evolution in traffic-safety law is the gradual introduction of legislation allowing self-driving cars. After reducing the obstacles to the operation of automated vehicles with technology comparable to SAE level 3 on public roads, legislation has recently introduced a system comprising three entities for SAE level 4 cars in order to safely transition to driverless traffic operation. However, the key concepts and definitions—even for terms as simple as the “driver” —still need to be reviewed and improved to better fit this futuristic mode of driving.

在日本，有关道路安全的主要立法，即《道路运输车辆法》和《道路交通法》，已经进行了修订，以解决酒后驾驶问题，最近还允许发展自动驾驶汽车。公共道路的交通安全取决于一个整体的车辆控制系统和对交通违规行为的分级反应。如果小的违规行为可以通过简化的罚款制度来处理，那么酒后驾驶和其他形式的危险驾驶则需要更强有力的应对措施，包括刑事入罪。交通安全法的另一个重大演变是逐步引入允许自动驾驶汽车的立法。在减少了自动驾驶汽车在公共道路上运行的障碍之后，立法最近又为 SAE 4 级汽车引入了一个由三个实体组成的系统，以便安全过渡到无人驾驶交通运行。然而，关键概念和定义--即使是像 "驾驶员 "这样简单的术语--仍需要审查和改进，以更好地适应这种未来的驾驶模式。

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引用次数: 0

Discomfort in pedestrian-electric scooter interactions during frontal approaches 行人与电动滑板车在正面接近时的不适感

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.004

Kazufumi Suzuki , Tatsuto Suzuki , Nick Tyler , Koji Suzuki

Background

As urban landscapes rapidly integrate e-scooters into their transportation ecosystems, understanding pedestrian-e-scooter interactions becomes paramount for safety and planning. This study investigates pedestrian discomfort levels and avoidance strategies when encountering an e-scooter approaching from the front.

Methods

25 participants were exposed to e-scooters approaching at three different speeds and lateral distances. Avoidance paths were plotted, and subjective discomfort levels were recorded and analysed.

Results

Our findings underscored two key behaviours: 1) As the speed of the e-scooter increased, participants initiated avoidance manoeuvres from a further distance ahead, suggesting a heightened perception of risk. 2) Regardless of the e-scooter's speed, the lateral distance maintained during passing remained fairly constant. However, when the e-scooter's initial lateral position was closer to participants, both the initiation distance for avoidance and the reported discomfort level increased noticeably.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the critical influence of lateral distance and e-scooter speed on pedestrian comfort and avoidance behaviour. These insights can guide urban planners and policymakers in designing safer and more efficient shared spaces.

背景随着城市景观迅速将电动滑板车纳入其交通生态系统，了解行人与电动滑板车之间的相互作用对于安全和规划至关重要。本研究调查了行人在遇到从前方驶来的电动滑板车时的不适程度和避让策略。方法 25 名参与者以三种不同的速度和横向距离面对驶来的电动滑板车。结果我们的发现强调了两种关键行为：1）随着电动摩托车速度的增加，参与者从前方更远处开始避让，这表明他们对风险的感知增强了。2）无论电动摩托车的速度如何，通过时保持的横向距离都相当稳定。然而，当电动滑板车的初始横向位置更接近参与者时，开始避让的距离和报告的不适程度都明显增加。这些见解可以指导城市规划者和决策者设计更安全、更高效的共享空间。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive view of factors influencing child passenger safety in low- and middle-income countries 全面审视影响中低收入国家儿童乘车安全的因素

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.005

Cailis Bullard , Emmanuel Kofi Adanu , William Agyemang , Steven Jones

Despite the recent decline in child deaths caused by road traffic crashes in high income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have yet to experience a similar trend. Children are among the most vulnerable of road users accounting for 30–40 % of all road traffic deaths in LMICs, 50 % of which are vehicle occupants. Previous research suggests that children ages 0–9 are the second most vulnerable age group in Ghana with 54 % of the children being fatally injured in injury-related crashes. However, little has been done to identify the associated factors influencing injury severity outcomes for child passengers in Ghana. This study investigates the factors that are associated with the various injury severity outcomes for child vehicle occupants less than 9 years old involved in road crashes in Ghana from 2014 to 2020. Results indicate that older child passengers (aged 5–8) were associated with lower injury severities compared to younger passengers. Additionally, crashes in which the driver sustained more severe injuries resulted in a higher likelihood of the child passengers sustaining a fatal injury. Findings from this research emphasize the issue of child passenger safety and support transportation policy and decision making to reduce risks of injury for child passengers.

尽管近期高收入国家因道路交通事故造成的儿童死亡人数有所下降，但中低收入国家（LMIC）尚未出现类似趋势。儿童是最易受伤害的道路使用者之一，占中低收入国家道路交通死亡总数的 30-40%，其中 50% 为车内人员。以前的研究表明，0-9 岁的儿童是加纳第二大最易受伤害的年龄组，54% 的儿童在与伤害相关的车祸中受到致命伤害。然而，在确定影响加纳儿童乘客受伤严重程度的相关因素方面却鲜有建树。本研究调查了 2014 年至 2020 年期间加纳道路交通事故中 9 岁以下儿童乘车者各种伤害严重程度结果的相关因素。结果表明，与年龄较小的乘客相比，年龄较大的儿童乘客（5-8 岁）受伤严重程度较低。此外，在驾驶员受伤更严重的车祸中，儿童乘客受致命伤的可能性更高。该研究结果强调了儿童乘客安全问题，并支持制定交通政策和决策，以降低儿童乘客受伤的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the influence of environmental factors on driver speed: A structural equation modeling analysis 了解环境因素对驾驶员车速的影响：结构方程模型分析

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.001

Abbas Sheykhfard , Farshidreza Haghighi , Soheila Saeidi , Mohammad SafariTaherkhani , Subasish Das

This study examined the influential roadway and contextual factors affecting drivers' speed selection through a comprehensive investigation employing structural equation modeling. Roadway and contextual variables including road curvature, presence of roundabouts, adverse weather conditions, and access were investigated using infrared speed sensors. The analysis revealed that specific roadway and contextual factors such as field variables, uphill and downhill road inclines, particular road curvature, and rainy weather significantly influence drivers' chosen speeds, while factors such as road access, nighttime conditions, larger road curvature, and signage exhibit a lesser impact. Notably, the study also found a positive correlation between road curvature radius and driver-chosen speed. The study's implications for transportation infrastructure planning and road safety interventions are underscored, with potential applications in road design, signage improvement, and weather-responsive measures to regulate driver speed choices in specific roadway and contextual conditions.

本研究通过采用结构方程模型进行综合调查，研究了影响驾驶员车速选择的道路和环境因素。研究使用红外测速传感器对道路和环境变量进行了调查，包括道路曲率、是否有环岛、恶劣天气条件和交通状况。分析结果表明，特定的道路和环境因素，如现场变量、上坡和下坡道路坡度、特定的道路曲率和阴雨天气，对驾驶员选择的车速有很大影响，而道路通行、夜间条件、较大的道路曲率和标志牌等因素的影响较小。值得注意的是，研究还发现道路曲率半径与驾驶员选择的车速之间存在正相关。该研究对交通基础设施规划和道路安全干预措施的影响得到了强调，并有可能应用于道路设计、标志牌改进和天气响应措施，以调节驾驶员在特定道路和环境条件下的车速选择。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of luminance of head-up displays on recognition of visual objects on roads 平视显示器亮度对识别道路视觉物体的影响

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.003

Takashi Hosokawa , Hiroshi Hashimoto , Takayuki Tsui , Keisuke Saito , Tomotaka Igarashi , Akinari Hirao

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of visual obstruction when a head-up display (HUD) is presented in front of a driver's field of view.

Background

The use of HUDs is expected to increase due to advances in augmented reality (AR) technology. A conventional HUD is displayed at a relatively low position in relation to the driver's viewpoint and has little effect on their front view. However, while an HUD, such as the AR-HUD, is presented in front of the driver's field of vision and helps them in presenting ADAS information, there is a concern that this display may obscure visual objects on the road from the driver's field of vision.

Method

An experiment using a mockup consisting of a HUD and a driver's seat was conducted with 28 participants. A passenger car, motorcycle, and crossing pedestrian were presented as visual objects on a 65-in monitor behind the image of the HUD. Participants were asked questions under different conditions with changes in the HUD luminance and asked to correctly answer questions regarding changes in the inter-vehicle distance and the existence of visual objects on the road. The number of correct answers provided by the participants was recorded.

Results

The experimental results revealed that the HUD had an effect under the twilight condition wherein the background luminance was low. Furthermore, analyzing the number of correct answers for each visual target revealed that the HUD had an effect under conditions wherein the size of the visual object was small.

Conclusion

It was experimentally derived that the luminance ratio R_luminance = 1.1 was the threshold value that affected the recognition of the visual object in the background when the HUD was presented in front of the driver's field of view.

Implication

The threshold value of the luminance ratio R_luminance obtained in this study can be considered when deciding how to properly display the HUD in front of the driver's field of view.

背景由于增强现实（AR）技术的发展，平视显示器的使用预计会增加。传统的 HUD 显示在相对于驾驶员视角较低的位置，对驾驶员的前方视野影响很小。然而，虽然 HUD（如 AR-HUD）显示在驾驶员视野的前方，有助于他们显示 ADAS 信息，但有人担心这种显示可能会遮挡驾驶员视野中的路面视觉物体。客车、摩托车和横穿马路的行人作为视觉对象出现在 HUD 图像后面的 65 英寸显示器上。在 HUD 亮度变化的不同条件下，向参与者提出问题，并要求他们正确回答有关车距变化和道路上是否存在可视物体的问题。实验结果表明，在背景亮度较低的黄昏条件下，HUD 具有一定的效果。结论通过实验得出，当 HUD 显示在驾驶员视野前方时，亮度比 Rluminance = 1.1 是影响识别背景中视觉物体的阈值。意义在决定如何在驾驶员视野前方正确显示 HUD 时，可以考虑本研究得出的亮度比 Rluminance 的阈值。

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引用次数: 0

Obituary Richard Allsop 1940–2024 讣告理查德-艾尔索普 1940-2024

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

IATSS Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.07.004

Nicola Christie

引用次数: 0