Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.253-276
Eric Linhart, Johannes Raabe
»Die Messung der Konzentration von Parteiensystemen unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Regierungsbildungen«. Accurate evaluation of electoral systems requires precise measurement of both the disproportionality and the concentration of party systems. While the measurement of disproportionality has been investigated systematically and clear guidance for measurement exists, such treatment is lacking for the concentration dimension. This paper clarifies the theoretical concept of concentration in focusing on the directness of the voter-government link and differences between types of coalitions. In light of this concept, a new measure is introduced, and the different measures are compared theoretically as well as empirically. In conclusion, the effective number of parties measure provides a fruitful framework, but should be applied to the cabinet instead of the parliament level in order to clearly identify substantial features of party system concentration.
{"title":"Measuring Party System Concentration Including the Cabinet Level","authors":"Eric Linhart, Johannes Raabe","doi":"10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.253-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.253-276","url":null,"abstract":"»Die Messung der Konzentration von Parteiensystemen unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Regierungsbildungen«. Accurate evaluation of electoral systems requires precise measurement of both the disproportionality and the concentration of party systems. While the measurement of disproportionality has been investigated systematically and clear guidance for measurement exists, such treatment is lacking for the concentration dimension. This paper clarifies the theoretical concept of concentration in focusing on the directness of the voter-government link and differences between types of coalitions. In light of this concept, a new measure is introduced, and the different measures are compared theoretically as well as empirically. In conclusion, the effective number of parties measure provides a fruitful framework, but should be applied to the cabinet instead of the parliament level in order to clearly identify substantial features of party system concentration.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"253-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66507811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.165-180
Barbara Englert
»Der Hollywoodsportfilm. Eine Visualisierung verborgener und vertrauter Aspekte der amerikanischen Kultur«. This essay highlights a number of Hollywood sport films from the 1970s focusing on national and personal identity issues. Against the backdrop of contemporary history, the meaning of sports and film, and its pop cultural intertwinement becomes transparent revealing a basic pattern. Aspects come into the picture which from a European perspective seem both familiar and, in a way, hidden. Besides being great entertainment, sport films like North Dallas Forty (1979), Semi-Tough (1977) or The Bad News Bears (1976) have the quality to serve as a rich and meaningful archive of visual sources for research in the humanities.
{"title":"The Hollywood Sports Film: Visualizing Hidden and Familiar Aspects of American Culture","authors":"Barbara Englert","doi":"10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.165-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.165-180","url":null,"abstract":"»Der Hollywoodsportfilm. Eine Visualisierung verborgener und vertrauter Aspekte der amerikanischen Kultur«. This essay highlights a number of Hollywood sport films from the 1970s focusing on national and personal identity issues. Against the backdrop of contemporary history, the meaning of sports and film, and its pop cultural intertwinement becomes transparent revealing a basic pattern. Aspects come into the picture which from a European perspective seem both familiar and, in a way, hidden. Besides being great entertainment, sport films like North Dallas Forty (1979), Semi-Tough (1977) or The Bad News Bears (1976) have the quality to serve as a rich and meaningful archive of visual sources for research in the humanities.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66508026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/hsr.43.2018.2.39-52
Jens Jäger
»Eine Faust auf dem Titel. Einige Bemerkungen zu visuellen Quellen in der Sportgeschichte«. Visual sources are extremely important for the understanding of the development of modern sports. Images in magazines, newspapers, books, collecting cards, and all the paraphernalia pertaining to sports shape the collective notion of what sports means and which values are connected with it. This article about a specific image which made a cover of the leading French sports magazine La Vie au Grand Air in 1908 explores the possibilities of historical analyses of media coverage in sports including images. The content of an image, its immediate and wider context including iconographic traditions and conventions and how they work together are taken into consideration. The special character of photographs in the media makes them pivotal for the contemporary promotion of sports and the specific way to imagine concepts of a modern body around 1900 and beyond as an outdoor activity and way of life.
《浮士德》[2]在体育运动研究中。视觉资源对于理解现代体育的发展具有极其重要的意义。杂志、报纸、书籍、收集卡片和所有与体育有关的随身物品上的图像塑造了体育意味着什么以及与之相关的价值观的集体观念。这篇文章探讨了1908年法国著名体育杂志《空中生活》(La Vie au Grand Air)封面上的一个具体形象，探讨了对包括形象在内的体育媒体报道进行历史分析的可能性。图像的内容，它的直接和更广泛的背景，包括图像传统和惯例，以及它们如何协同工作被考虑在内。媒体中照片的特殊性使它们成为当代体育推广的关键，也是将1900年前后的现代身体概念想象为户外活动和生活方式的具体方式。
{"title":"A Fist on the Cover: Some Remarks on Visual Sources in Sports History","authors":"Jens Jäger","doi":"10.12759/hsr.43.2018.2.39-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.43.2018.2.39-52","url":null,"abstract":"»Eine Faust auf dem Titel. Einige Bemerkungen zu visuellen Quellen in der Sportgeschichte«. Visual sources are extremely important for the understanding of the development of modern sports. Images in magazines, newspapers, books, collecting cards, and all the paraphernalia pertaining to sports shape the collective notion of what sports means and which values are connected with it. This article about a specific image which made a cover of the leading French sports magazine La Vie au Grand Air in 1908 explores the possibilities of historical analyses of media coverage in sports including images. The content of an image, its immediate and wider context including iconographic traditions and conventions and how they work together are taken into consideration. The special character of photographs in the media makes them pivotal for the contemporary promotion of sports and the specific way to imagine concepts of a modern body around 1900 and beyond as an outdoor activity and way of life.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66508057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/hsr.43.2018.4.300-340
Yilmaz Esmer, Bahar Ayça Okçuoğlu
{"title":"Dimensions of Political Representation: Ideological and Policy Congruence between the Representative and the Represented in Seven Countries","authors":"Yilmaz Esmer, Bahar Ayça Okçuoğlu","doi":"10.12759/hsr.43.2018.4.300-340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.43.2018.4.300-340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"300-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66508773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/hsr.43.2018.1.28-47
R. D. Langhe
: »Thomas Kuhn’s ,Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen‘. Eine agentenbasierte Simulation«. Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions is interpreted as the specification of an agent-based model. Kuhn described scientists as autonomous agents and an emergent pattern of evolving paradigms. The missing link in his account is then a mechanism by which this pattern self-organizes from the interactions of autonomous scientists without centralized control. This paper exploits advances in agent-based modeling and stigmergy to fill the missing link in Kuhn's account. A complete agent-based model of Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions could lead to a better understanding of the contribution of the evolution of the social structure of science to its success.
{"title":"An Agent-Based Model of Thomas Kuhn's \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\"","authors":"R. D. Langhe","doi":"10.12759/hsr.43.2018.1.28-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.43.2018.1.28-47","url":null,"abstract":": »Thomas Kuhn’s ,Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen‘. Eine agentenbasierte Simulation«. Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions is interpreted as the specification of an agent-based model. Kuhn described scientists as autonomous agents and an emergent pattern of evolving paradigms. The missing link in his account is then a mechanism by which this pattern self-organizes from the interactions of autonomous scientists without centralized control. This paper exploits advances in agent-based modeling and stigmergy to fill the missing link in Kuhn's account. A complete agent-based model of Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions could lead to a better understanding of the contribution of the evolution of the social structure of science to its success.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"28-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66507363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.129-147
Matthias Marschik
»Ansichten der Hakoah. Bilder eines zionistischen Sportvereins im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit«. The SC Hakoah was not only Vienna’s most prominent “Jewish” (Zionist) sports club of the Interwar years, but also part of the Viennese popular sports culture. The media constantly covered the club and its members. A closer look at the sports reporting reveals that different genres of the media (texts, photographs, and caricatures) produced different meanings. In this way the depiction of the Hakoah Sports Club was part of a complex culture producing “Jewish difference” between the poles of Antisemitism and “Jewish Vienna.” The analysis clearly demonstrates that the different "genres," i.e. texts, pictures, and caricatures, produced diverse messages to Viennese Jews: Their inclusion should be based on "assimilation," although it had to be clear that they always remained identifiable.
{"title":"Depicting Hakoah: Images of a Zionist Sports Club in Interwar Vienna","authors":"Matthias Marschik","doi":"10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.129-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.43.2018.2.129-147","url":null,"abstract":"»Ansichten der Hakoah. Bilder eines zionistischen Sportvereins im Wien der Zwischenkriegszeit«. The SC Hakoah was not only Vienna’s most prominent “Jewish” (Zionist) sports club of the Interwar years, but also part of the Viennese popular sports culture. The media constantly covered the club and its members. A closer look at the sports reporting reveals that different genres of the media (texts, photographs, and caricatures) produced different meanings. In this way the depiction of the Hakoah Sports Club was part of a complex culture producing “Jewish difference” between the poles of Antisemitism and “Jewish Vienna.” The analysis clearly demonstrates that the different \"genres,\" i.e. texts, pictures, and caricatures, produced diverse messages to Viennese Jews: Their inclusion should be based on \"assimilation,\" although it had to be clear that they always remained identifiable.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"129-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66507867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.7-38
Christian Schmidt-Wellenburg, Frédéric Lebaron
This introductory essay to the HSR Special Issue “Economists, Politics, and Society” argues for a strong field-theoretical programme inspired by Pierre Bourdieu to research economic life as an integral part of different social forms. Its main aim is threefold. First, we spell out the very distinct Durkheimian legacy in Bourdieu’s thinking and the way he applies it in researching economic phenomena. Without this background, much of what is actually part of how Bourdieu analysed economic aspects of social life would be overlooked or reduced to mere economic sociology. Second, we sketch the main theoretical concepts and heuristics used to analyse economic life from a field perspective. Third, we focus on practical methodological issues of field-analytical research into economic phenomena. We conclude with a short summary of the basic characteristics of this approach and discuss the main insights provided by the contributions to this special issue.
{"title":"There Is No Such Thing as “the Economy”. Economic Phenomena Analysed from a Field-Theoretical Perspective","authors":"Christian Schmidt-Wellenburg, Frédéric Lebaron","doi":"10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.7-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.7-38","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory essay to the HSR Special Issue “Economists, Politics, and Society” argues for a strong field-theoretical programme inspired by Pierre Bourdieu to research economic life as an integral part of different social forms. Its main aim is threefold. First, we spell out the very distinct Durkheimian legacy in Bourdieu’s thinking and the way he applies it in researching economic phenomena. Without this background, much of what is actually part of how Bourdieu analysed economic aspects of social life would be overlooked or reduced to mere economic sociology. Second, we sketch the main theoretical concepts and heuristics used to analyse economic life from a field perspective. Third, we focus on practical methodological issues of field-analytical research into economic phenomena. We conclude with a short summary of the basic characteristics of this approach and discuss the main insights provided by the contributions to this special issue.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"7-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66508270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.4.73-97
E. Semenova
»Die Rekrutierung von CEOs und ihre Netzwerke in Deutschland: Wandel, Stabilität, oder beides?«. This article analyzes the recruitment of CEOs at the 100 largest German companies, focusing on how the transition from “Deutschland AG” to integration with European and global markets has impacted the recruitment and career patterns as well as networks of German CEOs. This study found signs of both continuity and change. The percentage of technically educated German CEOs, as well as CEOs with a Ph.D., continues to be quite high. In contrast, the professionalization of managerial positions in Germany, the decline in corporate tenure, and a gradually opening recruitment market reflect the changing orientation of German corporate culture toward international markets. The analysis of the overall corporate network and its components reveals that the density of the overall corporate network in Germany has increased, which corresponds to the increased number of CEOs with shared alumni experience as well as with additional connections through various policy associations. The density of co-worker networks has, however, decreased. The structure of the German corporate network is not unified but consists of a set of highly dense groups (cliques). The findings and their implications for further research on change in German corporate structures are
德国的ceo和Netzwerke: Wandel, Stabilität, der beides?本文分析了德国最大的100家公司的ceo招聘情况，重点分析了德国公司从“德国股份公司”向欧洲和全球市场的转型对德国ceo的招聘和职业模式以及网络的影响。这项研究发现了连续性和变化的迹象。受过技术教育的德国首席执行官以及拥有博士学位的首席执行官的比例仍然很高。相比之下，德国管理职位的职业化、公司任期的减少以及招聘市场的逐步开放反映了德国企业文化面向国际市场的转变。对整体企业网络及其组成部分的分析显示，德国整体企业网络的密度有所增加，这与拥有共同校友经历的首席执行官数量增加以及通过各种政策协会建立的额外联系相对应。然而，同事网络的密度却下降了。德国企业网络的结构并不统一，而是由一组高度密集的集团(集团)组成。研究结果及其对进一步研究德国公司结构变化的启示如下
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.44.2019.1.52-72
Guillemette de Larquier, G. Rieucau
In line with the conventionalist works on recruitment and intermediation in the labor market, this article argues that, in order to shape uncertainty about the quality of matching, recruitment channels used by firms rely on “investments in forms.” The first investment corresponds to the definition of the boundaries of the labor market (i.e., the outline of the labor supply from the firm’s point of view); the second one corresponds to the format of information (i.e., the “standard” or “personalized” language used by channels to convey information). The firm’s resort to a given channel is explained by its internal organization and its valuation of what is a good applicant (depending on its “labor quality convention”). By crossing-over the two types of investment in forms, we distinguish four matching dynamics. Each type of dynamics is illustrated by examples coming from a qualitative survey of recruitment practices in four French service oriented sectors.
{"title":"Valuation and Matching: A Conventionalist Explanation of Labor Markets by Firms’ Recruitment Channels","authors":"Guillemette de Larquier, G. Rieucau","doi":"10.12759/HSR.44.2019.1.52-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.44.2019.1.52-72","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the conventionalist works on recruitment and intermediation in the labor market, this article argues that, in order to shape uncertainty about the quality of matching, recruitment channels used by firms rely on “investments in forms.” The first investment corresponds to the definition of the boundaries of the labor market (i.e., the outline of the labor supply from the firm’s point of view); the second one corresponds to the format of information (i.e., the “standard” or “personalized” language used by channels to convey information). The firm’s resort to a given channel is explained by its internal organization and its valuation of what is a good applicant (depending on its “labor quality convention”). By crossing-over the two types of investment in forms, we distinguish four matching dynamics. Each type of dynamics is illustrated by examples coming from a qualitative survey of recruitment practices in four French service oriented sectors.","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"44 1","pages":"52-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66510550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.63-93
Emmanuel Monneau
{"title":"Online Appendix to: Economics Degrees in the French University Space: Heteronomy and Professionalization of Curricula 1970-2009","authors":"Emmanuel Monneau","doi":"10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.63-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.43.2018.3.63-93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47073,"journal":{"name":"Historical Social Research-Historische Sozialforschung","volume":"43 1","pages":"63-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66508238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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