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Sports Entertainment Consumption 体育娱乐消费
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.4324/9781315175614-2
K. E. Clow
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引用次数: 0
Sports Meets Marketing 体育与市场营销
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.4324/9781315175614-1
M. Fetchko, D. Roy, K. E. Clow
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引用次数: 1
Sponsorship-Linked Marketing Sponsorship-Linked营销
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.4324/9781315175614-11
M. Fetchko, D. Roy, K. E. Clow
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引用次数: 0
How public sport centers can improve the sport consumer experience 公共体育中心如何改善体育消费者体验
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-08-06 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-02-2017-0008
Ignacio Cepeda-Carrión, Gabriel Cepeda-Carrión
The sport consumer experience is becoming an important aspect to sport center’s management. From this point, the purpose of this paper is to explore and examine the relationship between sport centers’ absorptive capacity and sport consumer experience, proposing that internal knowledge management processes act as mediators in this relationship.,The study offers empirical insights by applying the consistent PLS algorithm (PLSc-SEM) in an analysis of data from 156 sport centers in Andalusia (Spain) and a sample of 3,150 sport users from these sport centers.,The results demonstrate that a sport center’s absorptive capacity for external knowledge is crucial for enhancing the sport consumer experience and also that this effect requires additional knowledge management, such as the sport center’s knowledge storage and knowledge application.,The practical implication for sport center managers is that knowledge management processes have a very strong influence on the sport consumer experience, when they are managed in a sequential way.,The main value of this paper is draw conclusions using a study of sport managers and sport consumers to increase value experience of those ones.
体育消费者体验正成为体育中心管理的一个重要方面。从这一点出发,本文的目的是探索和检验体育中心的吸收能力与体育消费者体验之间的关系,提出内部知识管理过程在这种关系中起中介作用。,该研究通过应用一致性PLS算法(PLSc-SEM)分析来自安达卢西亚(西班牙)156个体育中心的数据和来自这些体育中心的3150名体育用户的样本,提供了经验见解。,研究结果表明,体育中心对外部知识的吸收能力对于增强体育消费者体验至关重要,而且这种影响需要额外的知识管理,如体育中心的知识存储和知识应用。,对体育中心管理者来说,实际意义在于,当知识管理过程以顺序的方式进行管理时,它们对体育消费者体验有着非常强的影响。,本文的主要价值在于通过对体育管理者和体育消费者的研究得出结论,以增加他们的价值体验。
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引用次数: 12
Impact of athletic star power on product consumption 运动明星效应对产品消费的影响
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-08-06 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-06-2016-0030
K. McCormick
The purpose of this paper is to determine if the star power of an athletic endorser influenced consumers’ consumption of the advertised product. Specifically, does the amount of star power an athlete is thought to have impact consumers’ direct consumption of the advertised product and media consumption of the athlete? Moreover, the components of star power, along with congruency measures, were examined to determine which components of star power influenced both direct and media consumption.,Four advertisements were created that used an athlete with high star power and an athlete with low star power. Respondents viewed two of the advertisements, but did not know which athlete had high star power or low star power. They were asked to answer a questionnaire that contained questions pertaining to the components of star power (source attractiveness, source credibility, professional trustworthiness, likeable personality and character style), congruency of the athlete and product, direct consumption of the advertised product and media consumption of the athlete.,Results indicated that overall star power increased the direct consumption of the advertised product and the media consumption of the athlete, however not each component was found to be significant. Character style was the only component that was consistently significant across all four advertisements. The congruency between the athlete and product was also found to be significant across all four advertisements.,First, this study only looked at two athletes; others may generate different results. Second, the products used in the study were fashion related; other categories of products may also generate different relationships. Third, only two brands were used. It was also assumed that the respondents knew the athlete in the advertisement. Finally, the questions used to measure direct consumption did not distinguish between buying the brand in the store or online.,This study has the potential to contribute theoretically by analyzing how and which components of star power affect consumption of endorsed products, as well as which components influence consumers. Moreover, adding a congruency measure will aide in strengthening the measurement of endorser effectiveness. The justification of the present study lies in the need to determine how the dimensions of star power an athlete possesses contribute to the consumption behaviors of consumers.
本文的目的是确定体育代言人的明星效应是否会影响消费者对广告产品的消费。具体来说,运动员的明星效应是否会影响消费者对广告产品的直接消费和对运动员的媒体消费?此外,研究人员还考察了明星影响力的组成部分以及一致性措施,以确定明星影响力的哪些组成部分同时影响了直接消费和媒体消费。制作了四个广告,分别使用了高明星效应运动员和低明星效应运动员。受访者观看了两个广告,但不知道哪个运动员的明星效应高,哪个运动员的明星效应低。他们被要求回答一份问卷,其中包含与明星影响力组成部分有关的问题(来源吸引力,来源可信度,专业可信度,讨人喜欢的个性和性格风格),运动员和产品的一致性,广告产品的直接消费以及运动员的媒体消费。结果表明,整体明星效应增加了运动员对广告产品的直接消费和媒体消费,但并非每个成分都显著。角色风格是所有四个广告中唯一具有一致性的重要组成部分。运动员和产品之间的一致性也被发现在所有四个广告中都很重要。首先,这项研究只研究了两名运动员;其他方法可能会产生不同的结果。其次,研究中使用的产品与时尚相关;其他类别的产品也可能产生不同的关系。第三,只使用了两个品牌。我们还假设受访者认识广告中的运动员。最后,用于衡量直接消费的问题没有区分在商店或网上购买品牌。本研究通过分析明星效应如何、哪些成分影响代言产品的消费,以及哪些成分影响消费者,具有理论贡献的潜力。此外,增加一致性测量将有助于加强对背书人有效性的测量。本研究的理由在于需要确定运动员所拥有的明星效应的维度如何影响消费者的消费行为。
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引用次数: 6
The role of the categorization process on the influence of a famous football player on the evaluations of a football team 分类过程对著名足球运动员对足球队评价影响的作用
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-05-14 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-09-2016-0052
Rogelio Puente‐Díaz, J. Cavazos‐Arroyo
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the categorization of a football player influences the evaluations of a football team among participants from Mexico and to test for the moderating role of need for closure. In order to test the hypotheses, the authors conduct two experiments. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an empirimental approach. Specifically in the experimental condition, the authors brought to mind, in one condition, the team membership of Lionel Messi and assessed the evaluations of Barcelona FC. In the control condition, the authors did not bring to mind the membership of Lionel Messi and only assessed the evaluations of Barcelona FC. Findings Results from two experiments showed that Barcelona FC obtained better evaluations when participants assigned Messi as one of its players. Evaluations were not moderated by a variable known to influence information processing such as need for closure. Originality/value It is a psychological truism that human judgments are context dependent. How good one judges a football team to be, depends not only on the specific qualities of the team, but also on the standard of comparison used to make that judgment. Surprisingly, scant attention has been given to context effects in team or player evaluations (see Puente-Diaz and Puente-Diaz, 2014 for an exception). The investigation seeks to fill this gap.
目的本文的目的是研究足球运动员的分类如何影响墨西哥参与者对足球队的评价,并测试关闭需求的调节作用。为了验证这些假设,作者进行了两个实验。设计/方法论/方法作者采用了经验方法。特别是在实验条件下,作者在一个条件下想到了莱昂内尔·梅西的团队成员,并评估了巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的评估。在对照条件下,作者没有考虑莱昂内尔·梅西的成员资格,只评估了巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的评估。两项实验的结果表明,当参与者将梅西指定为巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的球员之一时,巴塞罗那足球俱乐部获得了更好的评价。评估没有受到已知影响信息处理的变量的调节,例如是否需要结束。独创性/价值人类的判断依赖于上下文,这是心理学上的真理。一个人对一支足球队的评判有多好,不仅取决于球队的具体素质,还取决于做出评判所用的比较标准。令人惊讶的是,在球队或球员评估中,很少关注背景效应(见Puente Diaz和Puente迪亚兹,2014年的一个例外)。调查试图填补这一空白。
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引用次数: 1
Factors affecting the regional strategies for developing and advancing the Chinese sport industry 影响中国体育产业发展和提升的区域战略因素
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-08-2017-0082
Yan Wang, James J. Zhang, N. D. Pifer, Min Kil Kim
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the key factors that affect the formulation of regional strategies for developing and advancing the sport industry in China. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the comparative advantage theory, qualitative and quantitative research procedures were carried out to analyze the variables that were deemed necessary for the development of regional advantages. Findings The findings of this study indicated the importance and relevance of understanding these comparative advantage factors when developing regional strategies for sport development in China or other countries with a developing economy. Research limitations/implications This study was largely exploratory in nature, meaning that future confirmatory studies are necessary in order to solidify the results and to encompass the wide-ranging diversity of the total sport industry. Practical implications The study provided practical implications for other countries to address the needs to discern among varying sectors of the sport industry and prioritize factors that are specific to regions, communities, and local environments in the strategic planning process. Originality/value The findings of this study highlighted the importance and relevance of four comparative advantage factors and the varying sectors of the sport industry variables in the region.
目的研究影响中国体育产业区域发展战略制定的关键因素。在比较优势理论的指导下,进行了定性和定量研究程序,以分析被认为是发展区域优势所必需的变量。本研究的结果表明,在中国或其他经济发展中国家制定体育发展区域战略时,了解这些比较优势因素的重要性和相关性。本研究在很大程度上是探索性的,这意味着为了巩固结果并涵盖整个体育产业的广泛多样性,未来的验证性研究是必要的。该研究为其他国家在战略规划过程中区分不同体育产业部门和优先考虑特定地区、社区和当地环境因素的需求提供了实际意义。本研究的结果突出了四个比较优势因素和该地区体育产业变量的不同部门的重要性和相关性。
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引用次数: 9
Reversing the tide of sport globalization from west to east? Examining consumer demand for table tennis clubs in the U.S. 扭转体育全球化由西向东的潮流?调查美国消费者对乒乓球俱乐部的需求。
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-07-2017-0059
Yi Zhang, Min Kil Kim, Jerred Junqi Wang, B. Pitts
Purpose By using table tennis as an example and conducting an in-depth investigation into the impact of market demand factors on membership consumption of table tennis club members in the USA, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the opportunities and marketing efforts needed for Asian sports to survive and thrive in North America, in which consumer demand factors assessing core program features of table tennis clubs were found to be very influential of cognitive, affective, and behavioral consumptions of table tennis club members. Design/methodology/approach Through conducting a review of literature, observations of club operations, and interviews of club administrators and club members representing various table tennis clubs, a preliminary questionnaire was formulated for this study. The initial questionnaire was submitted to a panel of five experts, for a test of content validity. By incorporating their suggestions, editing was made to improve a number of the items in the questionnaire. Data collection took place in two national table tennis tournaments, two local tournaments, and six table tennis clubs. Procedures in SPSS 19.0 (SPSS, 2009) and Mplus 5.21 were carried out for data analyses. Findings The findings of this study are that market demand factors would be significantly related to consumer perceived benefits and perceived value, and in turn related to consumer satisfaction of table tennis club membership. The market demand factors had a positive impact on perceived value and benefits confirmed the theoretical framework and previous research findings, which also made a practical sense that a table tennis club needs to offer product features and meet expectations of its current and potential members in order to enhance program value and benefits perceived by its members. Originality/value The past two decades have marked the speediest rise of a globalized sport production and consumption trend. In an era of globalized sport marketplace, sports have become a business commodity to meet the needs of commerce. For an Asian sport to penetrate into the North American marketplace as table tennis has done, it would be wise to develop regional network, strategies, product, and promotions. It is expected that table tennis as a popular Asian sport will continue being spread to other parts of the world; thus, the findings of this study have potential relevance to promoting table tennis globally.
本文以乒乓球为例,深入调查了市场需求因素对美国乒乓球俱乐部会员消费的影响,旨在说明亚洲体育在北美生存和发展所需要的机会和营销努力,其中评估乒乓球俱乐部核心项目特征的消费者需求因素对认知、情感、以及乒乓球俱乐部成员的行为消费。设计/方法/方法通过文献回顾、俱乐部运作观察、对代表各乒乓球俱乐部的俱乐部管理人员和俱乐部成员的访谈,为本研究制定了初步问卷。最初的问卷被提交给一个由五名专家组成的小组,以进行内容效度测试。通过采纳他们的建议,对调查表中的一些项目进行了编辑以改进。数据收集在两次全国乒乓球锦标赛,两次地方锦标赛和六个乒乓球俱乐部进行。采用SPSS 19.0 (SPSS, 2009)和Mplus 5.21软件进行数据分析。研究发现:市场需求因素与消费者感知利益、感知价值显著相关,进而与消费者对乒乓球俱乐部会员的满意度显著相关。市场需求因素对项目感知价值和收益的正向影响,证实了理论框架和以往的研究成果,也说明了乒乓球俱乐部需要提供产品功能,满足现有和潜在会员的期望,以提升会员感知的项目价值和收益。过去二十年是全球化体育生产和消费趋势兴起最快的时期。在体育市场全球化的时代,体育已经成为一种商业商品,以满足商业的需要。一项亚洲运动要像乒乓球一样打入北美市场,发展区域性网络、策略、产品和推广是明智的。预计乒乓球作为一项受欢迎的亚洲运动将继续向世界其他地区传播;因此,本研究的发现对在全球推广乒乓球运动具有潜在的相关性。
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引用次数: 5
Attracting international spectators to a sport event held in Asia: The case of Formula One Petronas Malaysia Grand Prix 在亚洲举办的体育赛事吸引国际观众:马来西亚国家石油公司一级方程式大奖赛的案例
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-08-2017-0077
Yasuhiro Watanabe, C. Gilbert, M. S. Aman, James J. Zhang
The purpose of this paper is to examine the systematic influence of core product features, event operation quality, sport fan identification, and image of host city as a tourism destination on behavioral intentions of international spectator at a Formula One (F1) event held in Malaysia.,A survey form assessing the specified concepts was designed and employed to examine the structural relationships. The research participants were international spectators (n=512) attending the event. Data were randomly split into two halves, one for EFA (n=256) and the other for CFA and SEM (n=256).,Findings revealed that core product feature and sport fan identification factors were significantly (p<0.05) related to both of international spectators’ desire to stay at the event, attend the event in the future, and revisit the country; whereas, event operation quality was only found to be significantly influential of the re-patronage, and destination image was only significantly influential of the desire to stay. The findings highlight the importance and relevance of these concepts in attracting, serving, and retaining international visitors to the event.,Unlike other studies that are centered merely on game and event factors, this study expanded on a bigger ecological spectrum surrounding a F1 event and systematically evaluated the critical concepts and factors affecting international tourist to the event that can be considerable sources of economic growth. The findings provide empirical evidence for event and tourism management and marketing.
本文旨在考察在马来西亚举行的一级方程式(F1)赛事中,核心产品特征、赛事运营质量、体育迷认同和主办城市作为旅游目的地的形象对国际观众行为意向的系统影响。,设计并使用了一份评估特定概念的调查表来检查结构关系。研究参与者是参加活动的国际观众(n=512)。数据被随机分为两半,一个用于EFA(n=256),另一个用于CFA和SEM(n=256。,研究结果显示,核心产品特征和体育迷识别因素与国际观众留在赛事现场、未来参加赛事和重游国家的愿望均显著相关(p<0.05);然而,活动运营质量仅对再次光顾有显著影响,目的地形象仅对停留意愿有显著影响。研究结果强调了这些概念在吸引、服务和留住国际游客方面的重要性和相关性。,与其他仅以比赛和赛事因素为中心的研究不同,这项研究扩展了F1赛事的更大生态范围,并系统地评估了影响国际游客参加赛事的关键概念和因素,这些概念和因素可能是经济增长的重要来源。研究结果为活动和旅游管理及营销提供了经验证据。
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引用次数: 16
Is Egyptian soccer well-positioned for business purposes? Assessing competitive balance in the Egyptian Premier League 埃及足球是否适合商业用途?评估埃及超级联赛的竞争平衡
IF 2.2 4区 教育学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.1108/IJSMS-05-2017-0036
M. Ebrahim, N. D. Pifer, S. Shalaby, Karim Mohamed Mahmoud El Hakim, Hosam El Dien El Sayed Mubarak, James J. Zhang
Purpose The Egyptian Premier League (EPL) holds a prominent place in Egypt’s sporting culture and serves as the stage for some of Africa’s most competitive soccer clubs. However, the actual competitive balance in this league has come under scrutiny in recent years as the two historically dominant Cairo clubs, Ahly and Zamalek, continue to retain the EPL championship. A major concern is that the competitive imbalance of the EPL may actually be hampering the league’s progress and the progress of soccer in Egypt. In order to more closely assess this situation, the purpose of this paper is to use historical EPL performance data to conduct a series of competitive balance analyses on league results from 1948 to 2014. The findings revealed that competition in the league is almost nonexistent as Ahly and Zamalek continue to enjoy a number of direct and indirect financial benefits that are unrealized by their competitors. The dominance of these clubs has compromised the elements of match uncertainty and drama that are traditionally viewed as being important to the prestige and financial achievements of leagues and teams. Discussion is therefore offered for how the EPL could go about resolving some of its organizational and competitive balance issues. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted four basic measures of competitive balance to conduct descriptive analyses on EPL data that were collected from egyptianfootball.net and the Rec Sport Soccer Statistics Foundation. These analyses began with the EPL’s inaugural season (1948-1949) and extended to the conclusion of the 2014-2015 season. During this timeframe, seven seasons were canceled due to global and political tensions and four more went unfinished. Because these seasons were excluded, the total sample size consisted of 56 seasons, each of which contained between 10 and 24 EPL teams. The data were analyzed using variations of the following competitive balance measures: the range and standard deviation of winning percentages, the ratio of the standard deviation/Noll-Scully approach, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, and five-club concentration ratio. Findings The results confirmed that the league is largely imbalanced, leading the authors to recommend systemic and structural changes that could help promote competitive balance in the league. The call for competitive balance in the EPL was bolstered by a literature review of studies that advocated for parity in professional sports leagues. In the end, the researchers recommend the EPL to improve its organizational policies and consider a revised revenue-sharing system that would allow the small-market teams to survive and thrive. Originality/value The EPL holds a prominent place in Egypt’s sporting culture and serves as the stage for some of Africa’s most competitive soccer clubs. The primary purpose of this study was to perform a series of competitive balance analyses on EPL results from
目的埃及超级联赛(EPL)在埃及体育文化中占有重要地位,是非洲一些最具竞争力的足球俱乐部的舞台。然而,近年来,随着开罗历史上占据主导地位的两家俱乐部Ahly和Zamalek继续保持英超冠军,这个联赛的实际竞争平衡受到了密切关注。一个主要的担忧是,英超联赛的竞争失衡实际上可能阻碍了联赛的发展和埃及足球的进步。为了更密切地评估这种情况,本文的目的是利用EPL历史表现数据对1948年至2014年的联赛成绩进行一系列竞争平衡分析。调查结果显示,联赛中几乎不存在竞争,因为阿赫利和扎马雷克继续享受着竞争对手无法实现的一些直接和间接的经济利益。这些俱乐部的统治地位损害了比赛的不确定性和戏剧性因素,而这些因素传统上被视为对联赛和球队的声望和财务成就很重要。因此,我们讨论了EPL如何解决其组织和竞争平衡问题。设计/方法/方法本研究采用了四种竞争平衡的基本衡量标准,对从埃及足球网和Rec体育足球统计基金会收集的EPL数据进行了描述性分析。这些分析始于EPL的第一个赛季(1948-1949),并延伸到2014-2015赛季的结束。在此期间,由于全球和政治紧张局势,七季被取消,另有四季未完成。由于这些赛季被排除在外,总样本量由56个赛季组成,每个赛季包含10到24支英超球队。使用以下竞争平衡指标的变化来分析数据:获胜百分比的范围和标准差、标准差/Noll-Scully方法的比率、Herfindahl-Hirschman指数和五俱乐部集中度比率。研究结果证实了联盟在很大程度上是不平衡的,这导致作者建议进行系统和结构的变革,以帮助促进联盟的竞争平衡。对职业体育联盟中提倡平等的研究进行的文献综述支持了对EPL中竞争平衡的呼吁。最后,研究人员建议EPL改进其组织政策,并考虑修订收入共享系统,使小型市场团队能够生存和发展。创意/价值EPL在埃及体育文化中占有重要地位,是非洲一些最具竞争力的足球俱乐部的舞台。本研究的主要目的是对1948年至2015年的英超联赛结果进行一系列竞争平衡分析,以更好地了解这段时间联赛中不同程度的竞争力。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship
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