Reumatologia Clinica最新文献

Introduction and objectives

Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) and Kawasaki disease (KD) are two main inflammatory diseases among childhood vasculitis. Considering the anti-inflammatory effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, we decided to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 level with the type and severity of these conditions.

Materials and methods

The present study was performed as a historical cohort of 254 affected children with KD and HSP vasculitis. The required data were extracted, using a researcher-made questionnaire from patients’ electronic file, and then they were analyzed after collecting information of the patients.

Results

In HSP group, 54% of participants were boys. Similarly, in KD group, boys were more affected than girls. The comparative 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D3 level in HSP patients with and without renal involvement (P = 0.02), hematuria (P = 0.14), and in two groups with and without heart disease, and also with and without coronary artery dilatation in KD patients (P < 0.001) were significant.

Discussion and conclusions

The findings showed that insufficient level of vitamin D3 were significantly associated with the exacerbation of complications of both diseases, and therefore it seems that vitamin D deficiency can be an effective predictive factor of severity in HSP and KD patients.

Aim of the work

To evaluate serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relation with cognitive dysfunction.

Patients and methods

The study was carried out on 60 RA patients; 30 were active (group A) and 30 were non active (group B); and 30 controls (group C). RA disease activity was assessed via DAS28 tool, cognitive function via The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and depression via the PHQ depression scale. Serum BDNF levels were measured.

Results

The mean age in group A was 37.8 (± 9.37) years with 83.3% females, in group B was 39.97 (± 8.04) years with 86.7% females and in group C was 33.17 (± 3.6) years with 93.3% females. Abnormal cognitive functions test was detected in 66.7% of group A, 66.7% of group B, and in 23.3% of group C. There was a statistically significant difference in BDNF serum level between both groups of patients (1.58 ± 0.9 ng/ml for group A, 1.81 ± 1.17 ng/ml for group B) compared with the control group (3.01 ± 1.25 ng/ml, p < 0.001).

There was no statistically significant difference between BDNF and both disease duration and cognitive function, also no statistically significant difference regarding cognitive function, depression, and BNDF levels in patients with and without fibromyalgia. At a cut-off value of <2 ng/ml, BDNF detected RA patients with cognitive dysfunction with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 96.67%.

Conclusion

BDNF can be a potential biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in RA patients.

The use of specific antibodies in inflammatory myopathies has improved the characterization of this disease, identifying different clinical phenotypes. Patients with dermatomyositis and anti-MDA5 antibodies display typical skin symptoms, lesser muscular involvement, and a prevalence of interstitial lung disease of up to 91%. Beyond interstitial lung disease, spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been identified as a rare but potentially fatal pulmonary manifestation. Two cases of this complication in patients with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis are reported.

Background and aim

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of thromboembolic events in children and adolescents with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science to select relevant articles published between 1 January 2000 and 27 February 2022. We used the random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled point prevalence rates of thromboembolic events in studies with a minimum sample size of 30.

Results

We included five studies reporting data of 336 children and adolescents with primary APS and secondary APS (SAPS). Pooled point prevalence rates of initial general thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis and stroke in individuals with seropositive APS were 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.5–100), 27.6% (95% CI 21.4–34.2), 51.1% (95% CI 38.2–63.9) and 13.4% 95% CI (6.3–22.7), respectively. Pooled point prevalence rates of initial arterial and venous thromboses in children and adolescents with SAPS were 45.7% (95% CI 21.1–71.6) and 29.2% (95% CI 14.8–46), respectively.

Conclusion

Arterio-venous thromboembolism is highly frequent in children and adolescents with SAPS. More studies using thrombotic and non-thrombotic APS classification criteria are warranted to better assess the frequency and predictors of thromboembolism in age- and ancestry-diverse pediatric populations affected by different types of APS.

Objectives

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has shown good performance in diagnosing pleural, peritoneal, and meningeal tuberculosis. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of measuring ADA activity in synovial fluid for the early diagnosis of joint tuberculosis.

Methods

We searched published information in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MedRxiv databases, as well as unpublished information in the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism for conference abstracts (2012–2021). We also scanned the reference lists of articles. Two reviewers independently applied the criteria for selection, assessed quality, and extracted data (PROSPERO number CRD42021284472).

Results

Seven independent studies (N = 305 subjects) that compared ADA activity in synovial fluid with a composite reference diagnostic method for tuberculosis were included. Overall, the risk of bias was judged low. Studies were classified as high quality (n = 3; 148 subjects) and low quality (n = 4; 157 subjects). Pooled sensitivity and specificity of ADA activity was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–98; I² = 23%) and 88% (95% CI, 83–92; I² = 83%), respectively. The random-effects model for pooled diagnostic Odds ratio was 67.1 (95%CI, 20.3–222.2; I² = 30%). The receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92–0.99). Meta-regression did not identify the quality of the study, country of publication, or the type of assay as a source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Measuring ADA activity in synovial fluid demonstrates good performance for the early diagnosis of joint tuberculosis.

Objective

The purpose of the present study is to identify the extent to which rheumatological musculoskeletal ultrasound affects clinical decisions in a single-centre observational retrospective study.

Method

The results of 801 requests and 1174 consecutive individual ultrasound examinations performed over 10 months were analysed.

Results

The most frequent indication was diagnostic assistance (39%) followed by assessment of inflammatory activity (34%). By topography, the hand was the most frequently studied region (51%), followed by the foot (18.1%). Of all requests, 67% had an impact on decision-making. The impact on clinical decision-making was associated with a shorter waiting time for the evaluation of the results, being the greatest in those ultrasound scans performed on demand on the same day of the request. In 73% of bilateral ultrasound studies, findings in one of the joints exemplified the overall result reported.

Conclusions

Rheumatological musculoskeletal ultrasound has proven to be a useful decision-making technique, the greater the impact of which is seen the shorter the waiting time before it is performed.

Objective

To compare the effect of combined treatment with prednisone and methotrexate (MTX) versus prednisone alone over laboratory parameters in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Patients and methods

We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial about usefulness of treatment with prednisone and MTX versus prednisone and placebo in GCA (Ann Intern Med 2001;134:106–114). As a part of follow-up of patients (n = 42), we performed laboratory analysis in 20 time points during the two-year period of follow-up. To analyze differences, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin, and platelets, and compared the results in both groups adjusting by time of follow-up, existence of relapses and dose of prednisone.

Results

A total of 724 laboratory measurements were done. Median value of ESR was 33 [18–56] in patients with placebo and 26 [15–44] in patients with MTX (P = 0.0002). No significant differences were observed in ESR during relapses. The mean ESR value followed a parallel course in both groups, but was lower in the group with MTX than in the group with placebo in 18 of 20 time points of follow-up. The AUC of ESR by time of follow-up was 28,461.7 ± 12,326 in the group with placebo and 19,598.4 ± 8,117 in the group with MTX (mean difference 8,863, 95% CI 1.542–16.184; P = 0.019). The course of other laboratory parameters paralleled, without statistical significance, those observed for ESR.

Conclusions

These data, along with clinical data, suggest that MTX might play a role as a disease-modifying agent in the treatment of GCA.

Objective

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of population health and can measure the impact of medical actions. The main objective of this study was to determine the HRQoL of patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) and compare it with that of the general population.

Methods

Observational, cross-sectional, single-center study, with consecutive inclusion of outpatients over 18 years of age seen at a Rheumatology hospital-based outpatient clinic in Madrid. Sociodemographic, clinical variables and HRQoL were recorded. HRQoL was measured with the 5-dimension, 5-level EuroQoL (EQ-5D-5L), which includes the EQ-Index (0–1 scale) and a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–100 scale). A descriptive analysis and a comparison with the HRQoL of the Spanish general population were performed.

Results

1144 patients were included, 820 (71.68%) women, with a mean age of 56.1 years (range 18–95), of whom 241 (25.44%) were new patients. In patients with RD, the HRQoL measured with the EQ-Index and with the VAS, was 0.186 and 12 points lower, respectively, than in the general population. The decrease in HRQoL affected the 5 health dimensions, especially “pain/discomfort”, followed by “daily activities” and “mobility”. This reduction in HRQoL was observed in both men and women, and in all age ranges, although it was greater between 18 and 65 years of age. The reduction in HRQoL affected all RD subtypes, especially the “peripheral and axial mechanical pathology” and the “soft tissue pathology” group.

Conclusions

Patients with rheumatic diseases report worse HRQoL when compared to the general population in all dimensions of HRQoL.

We present the case of a 36-year-old woman with a history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, chronic kidney disease, and systemic arterial hypertension. Debut with dyspnea, weakness, and hemoptysis, she was suspected in atypical pneumonia, discarded, persisting with tachypnea, tachycardia, and chest pain. The protocol for pulmonary tuberculosis was started with negative sputum samples, positive blood culture for Staphylococcus haemolyticus, chest tomography with left pneumothorax and ipsilateral pleural effusion, exudate-type pleural fluid was obtained, acid-fast staining, negative PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A follow-up echocardiogram was performed due to a new murmur, reporting valvular vegetation, concluding a diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis and endocarditis as complications of multifactorial origin associated with immunosuppression in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.