Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157
Michael Fuchs
ABSTRACT Availability and appropriate use of digital devices are indispensable for modern learning and work environments. Compared to school and university education, however, there is hardly any empirical, scientifically sound knowledge available on this subject for the area of police training and education. The study therefore examined how the use of personally assigned digital devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones, as well as the use of interactive whiteboards, is related to the learning behaviour and academic performance of 99 police trainees during 18 months of police training. The results showed that a frequent use of digital devices was related to an improvement in learning behaviour and interest. The results on academic performance of these 99 police officers trainees compared to the trainees without personally assigned digital devices of the same cohort (N = 629) are mixed. The study points out several practical implications for the further implementation of digital devices, such as the need for training the police personnel, developing new didactic teaching methods as well as new teaching formats.
{"title":"Digital equipment – a game changer for police training?! Experiences of the Bavarian Police training","authors":"Michael Fuchs","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Availability and appropriate use of digital devices are indispensable for modern learning and work environments. Compared to school and university education, however, there is hardly any empirical, scientifically sound knowledge available on this subject for the area of police training and education. The study therefore examined how the use of personally assigned digital devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones, as well as the use of interactive whiteboards, is related to the learning behaviour and academic performance of 99 police trainees during 18 months of police training. The results showed that a frequent use of digital devices was related to an improvement in learning behaviour and interest. The results on academic performance of these 99 police officers trainees compared to the trainees without personally assigned digital devices of the same cohort (N = 629) are mixed. The study points out several practical implications for the further implementation of digital devices, such as the need for training the police personnel, developing new didactic teaching methods as well as new teaching formats.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"112 1","pages":"72 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2067156
M. Agrawal, Ritika Mahajan
ABSTRACT Employing the conservation of resources theory as a theoretical framework, the present research investigates a model that studies the influence of distributive and procedural justice on work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and mental health. The model also evaluates the impact of work–family conflict and enrichment on mental health. The purposive sampling technique and a survey instrument were used to collect data from Rajasthan (India) police and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceptions of justice (distributive and procedural) reduce work–family conflict and foster work–family enrichment in the police. Additionally, work–family conflict and enrichment predict mental health. The results further suggest the mediating mechanisms of work–family conflict and enrichment between distributive (partial), procedural (full) justice, and mental health.
{"title":"The influence of distributive and procedural justice on work–family conflict, enrichment, and mental health of Indian police","authors":"M. Agrawal, Ritika Mahajan","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2067156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2067156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Employing the conservation of resources theory as a theoretical framework, the present research investigates a model that studies the influence of distributive and procedural justice on work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and mental health. The model also evaluates the impact of work–family conflict and enrichment on mental health. The purposive sampling technique and a survey instrument were used to collect data from Rajasthan (India) police and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceptions of justice (distributive and procedural) reduce work–family conflict and foster work–family enrichment in the police. Additionally, work–family conflict and enrichment predict mental health. The results further suggest the mediating mechanisms of work–family conflict and enrichment between distributive (partial), procedural (full) justice, and mental health.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"245 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84282211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2067155
Tzu-Ying Lo, Kevin T. Wolff, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Hui-Er Tsai
ABSTRACT The history of community policing has now reached a half-century mark, but evidence regarding its effectiveness in reducing fear of crime has been inconsistent. A closer examination of existing research suggests that there must be an underlying process linking community policing and community residents’ fear of crime. Thus, this study draws on Putnam’s theoretical framework to test a conceptual mechanism of social capital underlying the association between elements of community policing and residents’ feelings of safety. Using survey data from a sample of Taiwanese residents, this study applies structural equation modeling to assess the potential mediating effect of social capital. The results suggest community policing is positively associated with residents’ social capital, residents’ social capital is positively associated with their feelings of safety, and community policing has a significant indirect effect on residents’ feelings of safety through residents’ social capital. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions for future research and criminal justice policy are provided.
{"title":"Community policing, social capital, and residents’ feelings of safety in Taiwan","authors":"Tzu-Ying Lo, Kevin T. Wolff, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Hui-Er Tsai","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2067155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2067155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The history of community policing has now reached a half-century mark, but evidence regarding its effectiveness in reducing fear of crime has been inconsistent. A closer examination of existing research suggests that there must be an underlying process linking community policing and community residents’ fear of crime. Thus, this study draws on Putnam’s theoretical framework to test a conceptual mechanism of social capital underlying the association between elements of community policing and residents’ feelings of safety. Using survey data from a sample of Taiwanese residents, this study applies structural equation modeling to assess the potential mediating effect of social capital. The results suggest community policing is positively associated with residents’ social capital, residents’ social capital is positively associated with their feelings of safety, and community policing has a significant indirect effect on residents’ feelings of safety through residents’ social capital. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions for future research and criminal justice policy are provided.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"90 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87791533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2065991
J. Potts, A. Hawken, Maureen Hillhouse, D. Farabee
ABSTRACT We conducted an experimental evaluation of virtual training experiences (VTE) for law-enforcement training during an international policing conference (American Society of Evidence Based Policing). Among the volunteers (N = 77), 30% were female and 70% males with 49% employed in law enforcement and 51% in other occupations. Participants were outfitted with a controller gun, holster, and a virtual-reality headset. Each of four scenarios used involved a call for service reporting the presence of an unknown man acting strangely, with random assignment to one of four conditions: priming message (yes, no) and instrument held by suspect (gun, cellphone). Results show no significant effect of dispatch priming on participants’ responses but do show that law-enforcement officers made more accurate decisions than did non-law-enforcement participants. The feasibility and potential usefulness of VTE as a training tool is discussed along with recommendations for future policing studies involving VR.
{"title":"Virtual reality for law enforcement training: a demonstration and implication for dispatch priming","authors":"J. Potts, A. Hawken, Maureen Hillhouse, D. Farabee","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2065991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2065991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We conducted an experimental evaluation of virtual training experiences (VTE) for law-enforcement training during an international policing conference (American Society of Evidence Based Policing). Among the volunteers (N = 77), 30% were female and 70% males with 49% employed in law enforcement and 51% in other occupations. Participants were outfitted with a controller gun, holster, and a virtual-reality headset. Each of four scenarios used involved a call for service reporting the presence of an unknown man acting strangely, with random assignment to one of four conditions: priming message (yes, no) and instrument held by suspect (gun, cellphone). Results show no significant effect of dispatch priming on participants’ responses but do show that law-enforcement officers made more accurate decisions than did non-law-enforcement participants. The feasibility and potential usefulness of VTE as a training tool is discussed along with recommendations for future policing studies involving VR.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"623 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73669941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2057982
David M. Blake, Joel Suss, Duane Wolfe, Guler Arsal
ABSTRACT Law enforcement officers across the country are trained in various tactics and techniques intended to increase the overall safety within a police-citizen contact. One common, albeit controversial tactic is referred to as “curb sitting”. The curb-sitting tactic is generally associated with officers requiring criminal suspects to sit on a curb with their legs outstretched in front of them. The tactic is believed to provide officers additional reaction time to defend themselves from an attack but is also considered unnecessarily demeaning. The efficacy of the curb-sitting tactic has not previously been determined. The current study is the first to evaluate three common variations of the curb-sitting tactic to determine which, if any seated position allowed officers more time to respond to an attack when compared to a subject standing five feet away. Our results show that a seated subject with their legs extended is associated with a significant increase in time to cross five feet when compared to a standing subject. Based on these results, the curb-sitting tactic appears to be an evidence-based method of increasing an officer’s time to respond to an attack. Implications for law enforcement training and tactics, as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
{"title":"‘Curb sitting’: An evidence-based policing practice or an officer safety myth?","authors":"David M. Blake, Joel Suss, Duane Wolfe, Guler Arsal","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2057982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2057982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Law enforcement officers across the country are trained in various tactics and techniques intended to increase the overall safety within a police-citizen contact. One common, albeit controversial tactic is referred to as “curb sitting”. The curb-sitting tactic is generally associated with officers requiring criminal suspects to sit on a curb with their legs outstretched in front of them. The tactic is believed to provide officers additional reaction time to defend themselves from an attack but is also considered unnecessarily demeaning. The efficacy of the curb-sitting tactic has not previously been determined. The current study is the first to evaluate three common variations of the curb-sitting tactic to determine which, if any seated position allowed officers more time to respond to an attack when compared to a subject standing five feet away. Our results show that a seated subject with their legs extended is associated with a significant increase in time to cross five feet when compared to a standing subject. Based on these results, the curb-sitting tactic appears to be an evidence-based method of increasing an officer’s time to respond to an attack. Implications for law enforcement training and tactics, as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"109 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75288001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2056036
William M. Land, Jianmin Guan, Page A. Smith, Brandi Burque
ABSTRACT The primary purpose of the present study was to develop a practical, reliable, and valid self-assessment of the use of psychological skills for law enforcement personnel. The Psychological Skills Inventory – Law Enforcement (PSI-LE) gauges the use of seven central mental skills common within psychological skills training (PST) programs: attention management, winning mindset, combat breathing, muscle control, mental practice, physical recharge, and self-talk. Following a developmental pilot of the scale, the PSI-LE was administered to 576 law enforcement officers. The ensuing analyses resulted in a final 26-item inventory that demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Findings are discussed with respect to practical implications and future research involving the PSI-LE. Specific emphasis is placed on the use of the PSI-LE to assess and validate the impact of officer PST programs.
{"title":"Psychological skills inventory for law enforcement (PSI-LE): development and validation of a multidimensional measure of psychological skill use for law enforcement","authors":"William M. Land, Jianmin Guan, Page A. Smith, Brandi Burque","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2056036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2056036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The primary purpose of the present study was to develop a practical, reliable, and valid self-assessment of the use of psychological skills for law enforcement personnel. The Psychological Skills Inventory – Law Enforcement (PSI-LE) gauges the use of seven central mental skills common within psychological skills training (PST) programs: attention management, winning mindset, combat breathing, muscle control, mental practice, physical recharge, and self-talk. Following a developmental pilot of the scale, the PSI-LE was administered to 576 law enforcement officers. The ensuing analyses resulted in a final 26-item inventory that demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. Findings are discussed with respect to practical implications and future research involving the PSI-LE. Specific emphasis is placed on the use of the PSI-LE to assess and validate the impact of officer PST programs.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"757 - 774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90200480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2049778
J. Rodgers, K. Carrington, Vanessa Ryan
ABSTRACT Women’s police stations that are designed to receive victims of gender-based violence first emerged in Latin America in the 1980s. In Argentina, these stations have unique aspects like multidisciplinary staffing that could guide responses elsewhere. Police responses to domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia have continually failed victims and require much improvement. Responses combining police and other services are not completely alien to Australia, and are not too dissimilar from women’s police stations. We undertook a survey of Australian police (n = 78) to assess which aspects of Argentina’s stations could inform new approaches to DFV policing. Our survey finds that Australian police support some aspects of this approach to policing DFV, such as multidisciplinary stations (74%). There was significantly less support for stations staffed predominantly by women (19%). Combined with review of evaluations of Australian co-locational responses, research implications for practice suggest a broader trial of co-locational responses in Australia.
{"title":"Australian police perceptions of women’s police stations","authors":"J. Rodgers, K. Carrington, Vanessa Ryan","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2049778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2049778","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women’s police stations that are designed to receive victims of gender-based violence first emerged in Latin America in the 1980s. In Argentina, these stations have unique aspects like multidisciplinary staffing that could guide responses elsewhere. Police responses to domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia have continually failed victims and require much improvement. Responses combining police and other services are not completely alien to Australia, and are not too dissimilar from women’s police stations. We undertook a survey of Australian police (n = 78) to assess which aspects of Argentina’s stations could inform new approaches to DFV policing. Our survey finds that Australian police support some aspects of this approach to policing DFV, such as multidisciplinary stations (74%). There was significantly less support for stations staffed predominantly by women (19%). Combined with review of evaluations of Australian co-locational responses, research implications for practice suggest a broader trial of co-locational responses in Australia.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"700 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78960184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2052877
Wanda E. Leal, A. Piquero, N. Piquero
ABSTRACT After the novel coronavirus began spreading across the U.S., many state and local governments imposed COVID-19 restrictions in an attempt to slow the spread. These COVID-19 mitigation techniques had a large impact on policing, as they created a new crime category for police to enforce, COVID-19 public health violations. The current study aims to address some of the uninvestigated questions about policing a pandemic using a unique dataset that combines three sources of official data from San Antonio, Texas. Specifically, we examine the associations between enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations, police calls for service, and COVID-19 case numbers. We also test for interactions between COVID-19 case numbers and police calls for service with respect to a change in the enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations. Results indicate that both police calls for service and COVID-19 case numbers are significantly associated with enforcement activities for COVID-19 public health violations. Additionally, enforcement is conditioned by the amount and type of police calls for service. Policymakers should consider the work and responsibilities the agencies they expect to enforce these COVID-19 policies already have. Haphazardly assigning an agency, such as the police, this new role without carefully considering whether they can feasibly take on more could lead to less enforcement of the COVID-19 restrictions.
{"title":"Policing a pandemic: investigating San Antonio’s response to COVID-19’s new crime of public health violations","authors":"Wanda E. Leal, A. Piquero, N. Piquero","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2052877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2052877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the novel coronavirus began spreading across the U.S., many state and local governments imposed COVID-19 restrictions in an attempt to slow the spread. These COVID-19 mitigation techniques had a large impact on policing, as they created a new crime category for police to enforce, COVID-19 public health violations. The current study aims to address some of the uninvestigated questions about policing a pandemic using a unique dataset that combines three sources of official data from San Antonio, Texas. Specifically, we examine the associations between enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations, police calls for service, and COVID-19 case numbers. We also test for interactions between COVID-19 case numbers and police calls for service with respect to a change in the enforcement of COVID-19 public health violations. Results indicate that both police calls for service and COVID-19 case numbers are significantly associated with enforcement activities for COVID-19 public health violations. Additionally, enforcement is conditioned by the amount and type of police calls for service. Policymakers should consider the work and responsibilities the agencies they expect to enforce these COVID-19 policies already have. Haphazardly assigning an agency, such as the police, this new role without carefully considering whether they can feasibly take on more could lead to less enforcement of the COVID-19 restrictions.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"739 - 756"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89486657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2047047
David Buil-Gil, I. brunton-smith, J. Pina-Sánchez, A. Cernat
ABSTRACT Police-recorded crime data are prone to measurement error, affecting our understanding of the nature of crime. Research has responded to this problem using data from surveys and emergency services. These data sources are not error-free, and data from different sources are not always easily comparable. This study compares violent crime data recorded by police, ambulance services, two surveys and computer simulations in Islington, London. Different data sources show remarkably different results. However, crime estimates become more similar, but still show different distributions, when crime rates are calculated using workday population as the denominator and log-transformed. Normalising crime rates by workday population controls for the fact that some data sources reflect offences’ location while others refer to victims’ residence, and log-transforming rates mitigates the biasing effect associated with some multiplicative forms of measurement error. Comparing multiple data sources allows for more accurate descriptions of the prevalence and distribution of crime.
{"title":"Comparing measurements of violent crime in local communities: a case study in Islington, London","authors":"David Buil-Gil, I. brunton-smith, J. Pina-Sánchez, A. Cernat","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2047047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2047047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Police-recorded crime data are prone to measurement error, affecting our understanding of the nature of crime. Research has responded to this problem using data from surveys and emergency services. These data sources are not error-free, and data from different sources are not always easily comparable. This study compares violent crime data recorded by police, ambulance services, two surveys and computer simulations in Islington, London. Different data sources show remarkably different results. However, crime estimates become more similar, but still show different distributions, when crime rates are calculated using workday population as the denominator and log-transformed. Normalising crime rates by workday population controls for the fact that some data sources reflect offences’ location while others refer to victims’ residence, and log-transforming rates mitigates the biasing effect associated with some multiplicative forms of measurement error. Comparing multiple data sources allows for more accurate descriptions of the prevalence and distribution of crime.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"489 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2047967
M. Zielke, Sean Lenox, Luis-Alberto Magallanes-Duarte, Cecelia Marquart, Matthew Dusek, Kira Lowe
ABSTRACT To maintain roadway safety, officers must be trained in the Standard Field Sobriety Test (SFST) which includes a Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) component. HGN – a repetitive jerking movement in the eyes – is an effective impairment indicator, but can be subtle and difficult to observe, particularly for inexperienced officers. Therefore, hands-on HGN learning opportunities are important for SFST training. Current HGN training often focuses on wet labs with live participants or observational videos and lectures – both with limitations. This research shows that simulation training with a virtual human is a viable HGN training approach and provides hands-on experience in various situations. Study results from the Individual Nystagmus Simulation Training Experience (INSITE) system are presented with a summary of encouraging results in confidence gains, participant feedback and other areas, particularly for newer officers. A discussion of future potential for both INSITE and virtual human training techniques for law enforcement is included.
{"title":"Enhancing horizontal gaze nystagmus test training through virtual human simulation","authors":"M. Zielke, Sean Lenox, Luis-Alberto Magallanes-Duarte, Cecelia Marquart, Matthew Dusek, Kira Lowe","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2047967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2047967","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To maintain roadway safety, officers must be trained in the Standard Field Sobriety Test (SFST) which includes a Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) component. HGN – a repetitive jerking movement in the eyes – is an effective impairment indicator, but can be subtle and difficult to observe, particularly for inexperienced officers. Therefore, hands-on HGN learning opportunities are important for SFST training. Current HGN training often focuses on wet labs with live participants or observational videos and lectures – both with limitations. This research shows that simulation training with a virtual human is a viable HGN training approach and provides hands-on experience in various situations. Study results from the Individual Nystagmus Simulation Training Experience (INSITE) system are presented with a summary of encouraging results in confidence gains, participant feedback and other areas, particularly for newer officers. A discussion of future potential for both INSITE and virtual human training techniques for law enforcement is included.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"680 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86997805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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