Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2098127
Chelsea Farrell, Lisa M. Barao
ABSTRACT Diversifying law enforcement agencies to reflect the communities they serve has continued to be a difficult task worldwide. Research has focused on evaluating diversity initiatives in terms of staffing demographic changes, but the perspective of officers working in departments aiming to diversify is often missing. This study examines officers’ perceptions of diversity initiatives in practice. Qualitative analysis indicated officers were supportive of diversifying; however, nearly all officers, regardless of gender or race/ethnicity, were concerned with the methods used. Findings revealed that officers: 1) doubted the merit of their own achievements, 2) perceived promotion/assignment practices as ambiguous, 3) felt politics created symbolic changes, and 4) wanted to inform future diversity efforts. Findings suggest that officer perspectives, particularly from underrepresented groups, are needed to better understand why diversity initiatives have yielded minimal change and to build more effective practices to increase diversity and retain diverse personnel.
{"title":"Police officer perceptions of diversity efforts: a disconnect between the goals and the methods","authors":"Chelsea Farrell, Lisa M. Barao","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2098127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2098127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diversifying law enforcement agencies to reflect the communities they serve has continued to be a difficult task worldwide. Research has focused on evaluating diversity initiatives in terms of staffing demographic changes, but the perspective of officers working in departments aiming to diversify is often missing. This study examines officers’ perceptions of diversity initiatives in practice. Qualitative analysis indicated officers were supportive of diversifying; however, nearly all officers, regardless of gender or race/ethnicity, were concerned with the methods used. Findings revealed that officers: 1) doubted the merit of their own achievements, 2) perceived promotion/assignment practices as ambiguous, 3) felt politics created symbolic changes, and 4) wanted to inform future diversity efforts. Findings suggest that officer perspectives, particularly from underrepresented groups, are needed to better understand why diversity initiatives have yielded minimal change and to build more effective practices to increase diversity and retain diverse personnel.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81257340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2094380
Toby Miles-Johnson
ABSTRACT Domestic violence is an extensive social issue in Australia. It is a complex crime encompassing different behaviours and situations, which challenge police in terms of recognition and response, as well as determining appropriate outcomes of justice. During their first year of police work (whilst being evaluated under competency measures), first-year constables in Australia are frequently deployed to respond to public calls for help. As such, they are regularly sent to investigate domestic violence. Yet knowledge regarding the effectiveness of first-year constables in their response to domestic violence and policing of these crimes is lacking in much of the policing literature. This article focuses on policing of domestic violence from the perspective of first-year constables working in one of the largest Australian state police organisations (de-identified as part of the ethics agreement). It examines the findings from 46 interviews and offers insight into a hitherto under-researched area regarding policing of domestic violence by officers at the start of their policing career.
{"title":"‘Bread and butter’ policing: first-year constables and domestic violence","authors":"Toby Miles-Johnson","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2094380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2094380","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Domestic violence is an extensive social issue in Australia. It is a complex crime encompassing different behaviours and situations, which challenge police in terms of recognition and response, as well as determining appropriate outcomes of justice. During their first year of police work (whilst being evaluated under competency measures), first-year constables in Australia are frequently deployed to respond to public calls for help. As such, they are regularly sent to investigate domestic violence. Yet knowledge regarding the effectiveness of first-year constables in their response to domestic violence and policing of these crimes is lacking in much of the policing literature. This article focuses on policing of domestic violence from the perspective of first-year constables working in one of the largest Australian state police organisations (de-identified as part of the ethics agreement). It examines the findings from 46 interviews and offers insight into a hitherto under-researched area regarding policing of domestic violence by officers at the start of their policing career.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79793979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2092480
L. Boulton, Jessica H. Phoenix, Eric Halford, A. Sidebottom
ABSTRACT Responding to reports of missing children is an everyday occurrence in many police agencies, and a significant source of police demand. In England, there is a statutory requirement that all those under the age of 18 be offered a return home interview (RHI) within 72 hours of returning from a missing episode. The main purpose of an RHI is to better understand the reasons why a young person went missing and, where necessary, put measures in place to safeguard that young person and reduce the likelihood of them going missing again. Although widely practiced in England, there is currently limited research on the conduct of and information elicited from RHIs. In an attempt to help fill this research gap, this article reports the findings of an exploratory analysis of 113 RHIs carried out in one police force area in England. Findings indicate that 42% (n = 48) of the sampled RHIs occurred within the required 72-hour timeframe. Absent or incomplete information was common, particularly in relation to the presence and types of vulnerabilities associated with missing children. In terms of those interviewed, nearly half of the interviewees did not consider themselves to be missing. Moreover, many exhibited a high prevalence of mental health concerns, conflict at home and drug and alcohol use. The implications of the findings for safeguarding children and preventing missing incidents are discussed.
{"title":"Return home interviews with children who have been missing: an exploratory analysis","authors":"L. Boulton, Jessica H. Phoenix, Eric Halford, A. Sidebottom","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2092480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2092480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Responding to reports of missing children is an everyday occurrence in many police agencies, and a significant source of police demand. In England, there is a statutory requirement that all those under the age of 18 be offered a return home interview (RHI) within 72 hours of returning from a missing episode. The main purpose of an RHI is to better understand the reasons why a young person went missing and, where necessary, put measures in place to safeguard that young person and reduce the likelihood of them going missing again. Although widely practiced in England, there is currently limited research on the conduct of and information elicited from RHIs. In an attempt to help fill this research gap, this article reports the findings of an exploratory analysis of 113 RHIs carried out in one police force area in England. Findings indicate that 42% (n = 48) of the sampled RHIs occurred within the required 72-hour timeframe. Absent or incomplete information was common, particularly in relation to the presence and types of vulnerabilities associated with missing children. In terms of those interviewed, nearly half of the interviewees did not consider themselves to be missing. Moreover, many exhibited a high prevalence of mental health concerns, conflict at home and drug and alcohol use. The implications of the findings for safeguarding children and preventing missing incidents are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82567584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2085102
Young‐joo Lee, Luis Santiago
ABSTRACT This study examines various demographic, social, and economic factors related to transgender people’ reluctance to seek police help and appraises the intersectionality among these different factors. The results reveal differences in the degree of reluctance across gender groups, socioeconomic statuses, and racial groups, which suggest that the intersection of multiple minority statuses will increase transgender people’s reluctance to seek help from police. The findings also reveal that transgender people’ past interaction with police is negatively associated with their reluctance to seek police intervention. This study concludes with suggestions that seek to transform law enforcement culture by means of police training and community outreach activities.
{"title":"Race, class, and gender identity: implications for transgender people’s police help seeking","authors":"Young‐joo Lee, Luis Santiago","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2085102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2085102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines various demographic, social, and economic factors related to transgender people’ reluctance to seek police help and appraises the intersectionality among these different factors. The results reveal differences in the degree of reluctance across gender groups, socioeconomic statuses, and racial groups, which suggest that the intersection of multiple minority statuses will increase transgender people’s reluctance to seek help from police. The findings also reveal that transgender people’ past interaction with police is negatively associated with their reluctance to seek police intervention. This study concludes with suggestions that seek to transform law enforcement culture by means of police training and community outreach activities.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75337785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2079508
Hunter M. Boehme, R. Kaminski, Peter Leasure
ABSTRACT In the 2016 case of Estate of Armstrong V. The Village of Pinehurst (Armstrong), the Fourth Circuit Court decided to significantly restrict CED use to only encounters that pose an ‘immediate safety risk’ or ‘immediate danger.’ Some authors have argued that the decision from Armstrong could lead to increased officer-involved shootings. The present study tests this prediction by utilizing a comparative interrupted time-series analysis. Findings from time-series count models show statistically significant increases in monthly and weekly officer-involved shootings (OISs) within the Fourth Circuit, and statistically significant decreases in weekly OISs among states comparable to, but outside the Fourth Circuit’s jurisdiction. Policy implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
{"title":"A comparative interrupted time-series assessing the impact of the Armstrong decision on officer-involved shootings","authors":"Hunter M. Boehme, R. Kaminski, Peter Leasure","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2079508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2079508","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the 2016 case of Estate of Armstrong V. The Village of Pinehurst (Armstrong), the Fourth Circuit Court decided to significantly restrict CED use to only encounters that pose an ‘immediate safety risk’ or ‘immediate danger.’ Some authors have argued that the decision from Armstrong could lead to increased officer-involved shootings. The present study tests this prediction by utilizing a comparative interrupted time-series analysis. Findings from time-series count models show statistically significant increases in monthly and weekly officer-involved shootings (OISs) within the Fourth Circuit, and statistically significant decreases in weekly OISs among states comparable to, but outside the Fourth Circuit’s jurisdiction. Policy implications of these findings are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2080066
Eddie Bradley, Saeed Fayaz, Chris Farish, M. Coulson
ABSTRACT The aim was to examine the health and wellbeing of UK police firearms officers and to identify the incidence and severity of work-related injuries. Data from 96 officers were derived from an online self-report survey. General health indicators, physical activity levels, WHO-5 wellbeing score, and injury data from the previous 12-months were collected. Thirty work-related injuries (31%) occurred with an injury rate of 31 injuries per 100 FTE worked within the firearms unit in the previous year. Fifty per cent of officers took no time off for recovery. Twenty-nine per cent of injuries were classified as severe and the mechanisms of more severe injuries were linked to occupational demands. Officers who exercised ≥four times per week reported significantly less injuries, while low physical activity levels were associated with significantly lower wellbeing. UK police firearms officers are at a high risk of occupational injury, and physical activity can play an important role in reducing injury and improving wellbeing.
{"title":"Evaluation of physical health, mental wellbeing, and injury in a UK Police Firearms unit","authors":"Eddie Bradley, Saeed Fayaz, Chris Farish, M. Coulson","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2080066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2080066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim was to examine the health and wellbeing of UK police firearms officers and to identify the incidence and severity of work-related injuries. Data from 96 officers were derived from an online self-report survey. General health indicators, physical activity levels, WHO-5 wellbeing score, and injury data from the previous 12-months were collected. Thirty work-related injuries (31%) occurred with an injury rate of 31 injuries per 100 FTE worked within the firearms unit in the previous year. Fifty per cent of officers took no time off for recovery. Twenty-nine per cent of injuries were classified as severe and the mechanisms of more severe injuries were linked to occupational demands. Officers who exercised ≥four times per week reported significantly less injuries, while low physical activity levels were associated with significantly lower wellbeing. UK police firearms officers are at a high risk of occupational injury, and physical activity can play an important role in reducing injury and improving wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77595986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2073230
J. Belur, Helen Glasspoole-Bird, C. Bentall, Julian Laufs
ABSTRACT This paper presents the findings of a rapid review of evidence on what works in blended learning in adult education which was undertaken to support the evidence informed introduction of blended learning in police education nationally across all police forces in England and Wales. Following a systematic search, screening, and quality assessment process, 42 studies, including 10 systematic reviews, were included in the final synthesis. Findings suggest that blended learning is at least as good as, if not more effective than, only face-to-face, or only online learning methods. The research evidence highlights the importance of bespoke design to suit learner needs and the type of content to be delivered, as well as the importance of providing appropriate support to both instructors and learners to engage with blended methods. Based on the findings, a toolkit is provided to guide police educators in designing and delivering curricula using blended methods.
{"title":"What do we know about blended learning to inform police education? A rapid evidence assessment","authors":"J. Belur, Helen Glasspoole-Bird, C. Bentall, Julian Laufs","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2073230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2073230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents the findings of a rapid review of evidence on what works in blended learning in adult education which was undertaken to support the evidence informed introduction of blended learning in police education nationally across all police forces in England and Wales. Following a systematic search, screening, and quality assessment process, 42 studies, including 10 systematic reviews, were included in the final synthesis. Findings suggest that blended learning is at least as good as, if not more effective than, only face-to-face, or only online learning methods. The research evidence highlights the importance of bespoke design to suit learner needs and the type of content to be delivered, as well as the importance of providing appropriate support to both instructors and learners to engage with blended methods. Based on the findings, a toolkit is provided to guide police educators in designing and delivering curricula using blended methods.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85731850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2066781
Melissa S. Morabito, J. Gaub
In recent years, politicians and reporters have highlighted the lack of data on many policing outcomes, with a sharp focus on how little we know about police use of force in both the United States and internationally. Specifically, the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson (MO) in 2014 highlighted the fact that no entity within the United States tracks police use of force, even deadly force. This lack of data leadership prompted several news agencies to begin tracking civilian deaths at the hands of police, the most well-known of which is The Washington Post Fatal Force database (Nix et al., 2017; Shjarback & Nix, 2020). Yet while use of force is a crucial responsibility of police and more information is certainly needed (Bennell et al., 2022; Matusiak et al., 2022; White, 2016; Williams et al., 2019), it is not the only aspect of policing that could benefit from more and better data. Historically, police accountability has been measured by outcomes that are easily countable, such as arrest and case clearance rates, citations, traffic stops, and response times. While important, these data fall short of assessing the myriad responsibilities that police organizations are tasked with measuring, and they tell us little about the nature and extent of these community encounters. These outcomes are, however, of critical importance to community members and larger police reform efforts. Police departments do collect a great deal of interesting and informative data that can add context to the discourse about police work at both the individual and organizational levels. Recent research has touched on the ways in which police data impacts various facets of police work and highlights the possibilities for new, innovative uses for police data. For example, Lum et al. (2021) and Ratcliffe (2021) demonstrated the difficulty inherent in reallocating police calls to other, nonpolice entities for many calls traditionally yielding a police response. Muller and colleagues find that scant information is known about police responses during calls involving mental health crises. Gillooly (2021) asks important questions about how dispatchers shape police responses to incidents independent of incident data. White et al. (2018) interrogate the use of body-worn camera footage to reduce the use of force in encounters with community members. Yet despite these and other studies using police data, many questions remain about the utility of administrative data in law enforcement agencies. This special issue begins by exploring data sources and asking some important questions about the nature of policing for researchers across the globe. In this special issue, several papers include new ways to utilize incident-level data of offensespecific trends. Pearce and Simpson (2022) use Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) data to better understand the nature and extent of welfare checks – an understudied responsibility of local police that often does not involve law enforcement. Barnett-Ryan (2022)
近年来，政界人士和记者强调，许多警务结果缺乏数据，重点是我们对美国和国际上的警察使用武力知之甚少。具体而言，2014年迈克尔·布朗在弗格森(密苏里州)的死亡凸显了这样一个事实，即美国境内没有任何实体跟踪警察使用武力，甚至是致命武力。由于缺乏数据领导力，一些新闻机构开始追踪警察造成的平民死亡，其中最著名的是《华盛顿邮报》致命武力数据库(Nix等人，2017;Shjarback & Nix, 2020)。然而，虽然使用武力是警察的关键责任，但肯定需要更多的信息(Bennell et al.， 2022;Matusiak et al.， 2022;白色,2016;Williams等人，2019)，这并不是警务工作中唯一可以从更多更好的数据中受益的方面。从历史上看，警察问责一直是通过容易计数的结果来衡量的，比如逮捕率和案件清除率、传票、交通拦截和反应时间。虽然这些数据很重要，但它们无法评估警察组织所承担的无数责任，也无法告诉我们这些社区遭遇的性质和程度。然而，这些成果对社区成员和更大范围的警察改革工作至关重要。警察部门确实收集了大量有趣和翔实的数据，这些数据可以为个人和组织层面的警察工作论述增添背景。最近的研究触及了警察数据影响警察工作各个方面的方式，并强调了警察数据新的创新用途的可能性。例如，Lum等人(2021)和Ratcliffe(2021)证明了将警察呼叫重新分配给其他非警察实体的固有困难，因为许多呼叫通常会产生警察响应。穆勒和他的同事们发现，在涉及心理健康危机的电话中，警方的反应知之甚少。Gillooly(2021)提出了关于调度员如何在独立于事件数据的情况下塑造警察对事件的反应的重要问题。White等人(2018)对使用穿戴式摄像机镜头来减少与社区成员相遇时使用武力进行了调查。然而，尽管这些研究和其他研究使用了警察数据，关于执法机构行政数据的效用仍然存在许多问题。本期特刊首先探讨了数据来源，并为全球研究人员提出了一些关于警务性质的重要问题。在本期特刊中，几篇论文介绍了利用犯罪特定趋势的事件级数据的新方法。Pearce和Simpson(2022)使用计算机辅助调度(CAD)数据来更好地了解福利检查的性质和范围——这是当地警察的一项未被充分研究的责任，通常不涉及执法。Barnett-Ryan(2022)使用来自市政和大学警察机构的服务呼叫数据和事件报告来分析财产犯罪的空间共地。Haberman等人(2021)和Scott等人(2021)都使用了美国联邦调查局的国家事件报告系统(NIBRS)数据。Haberman等人(2021)使用这些数据来更好地了解一个机构内的抢劫，而Scott等人(2021)比较了多个机构间性侵犯案件的清除率。总体而言，O 'Connor等人(2022)为各机构提供了关于警察分析师在加拿大向循证警务转变中的作用的建议。《警察实践与研究2022》第23卷第2期。4,397 - 399 https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2066781
{"title":"You can’t manage what you can’t measure: the importance of data in policing","authors":"Melissa S. Morabito, J. Gaub","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2066781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2066781","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, politicians and reporters have highlighted the lack of data on many policing outcomes, with a sharp focus on how little we know about police use of force in both the United States and internationally. Specifically, the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson (MO) in 2014 highlighted the fact that no entity within the United States tracks police use of force, even deadly force. This lack of data leadership prompted several news agencies to begin tracking civilian deaths at the hands of police, the most well-known of which is The Washington Post Fatal Force database (Nix et al., 2017; Shjarback & Nix, 2020). Yet while use of force is a crucial responsibility of police and more information is certainly needed (Bennell et al., 2022; Matusiak et al., 2022; White, 2016; Williams et al., 2019), it is not the only aspect of policing that could benefit from more and better data. Historically, police accountability has been measured by outcomes that are easily countable, such as arrest and case clearance rates, citations, traffic stops, and response times. While important, these data fall short of assessing the myriad responsibilities that police organizations are tasked with measuring, and they tell us little about the nature and extent of these community encounters. These outcomes are, however, of critical importance to community members and larger police reform efforts. Police departments do collect a great deal of interesting and informative data that can add context to the discourse about police work at both the individual and organizational levels. Recent research has touched on the ways in which police data impacts various facets of police work and highlights the possibilities for new, innovative uses for police data. For example, Lum et al. (2021) and Ratcliffe (2021) demonstrated the difficulty inherent in reallocating police calls to other, nonpolice entities for many calls traditionally yielding a police response. Muller and colleagues find that scant information is known about police responses during calls involving mental health crises. Gillooly (2021) asks important questions about how dispatchers shape police responses to incidents independent of incident data. White et al. (2018) interrogate the use of body-worn camera footage to reduce the use of force in encounters with community members. Yet despite these and other studies using police data, many questions remain about the utility of administrative data in law enforcement agencies. This special issue begins by exploring data sources and asking some important questions about the nature of policing for researchers across the globe. In this special issue, several papers include new ways to utilize incident-level data of offensespecific trends. Pearce and Simpson (2022) use Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) data to better understand the nature and extent of welfare checks – an understudied responsibility of local police that often does not involve law enforcement. Barnett-Ryan (2022)","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86486646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2067158
J. Peterson
ABSTRACT Informal law enforcement approaches to crime problems are largely hidden from the public domain. Non-urban communities are often absent from the literature on police decision-making, but many characteristics of ‘the rural’ – such as lack of supervision, diminished access to resources, and more – expand police discretion and increase the use of informal policing methods. While most research on police discretion focuses on the decision to arrest, the current study utilizes semi-structured focused interviews with law enforcement officers in rural Texas to address non-arrest decision-making and the informal policing of youth. Specific informal responses, as well as factors that influence officer decision-making, are discussed. The findings suggest that the structural, cultural, and situational context of a rural setting uniquely affects police decision-making, highlighting the significance of geographic and sociocultural environment in use of discretion. The qualitative approach and analysis provide extensive detail regarding place-based effects on the police decision-making process, including officer motivations and how officers attribute meaning and contextually filter information in an encounter with youth. By illuminating the gray area of policing, these findings have implications for rural law enforcement training and practices and provide future direction for broader agency policy research.
{"title":"‘We handle it, I guess you’d say, the East Texas way’: Place-based effects on the police decision-making process and non-arrest outcomes","authors":"J. Peterson","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2067158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2067158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Informal law enforcement approaches to crime problems are largely hidden from the public domain. Non-urban communities are often absent from the literature on police decision-making, but many characteristics of ‘the rural’ – such as lack of supervision, diminished access to resources, and more – expand police discretion and increase the use of informal policing methods. While most research on police discretion focuses on the decision to arrest, the current study utilizes semi-structured focused interviews with law enforcement officers in rural Texas to address non-arrest decision-making and the informal policing of youth. Specific informal responses, as well as factors that influence officer decision-making, are discussed. The findings suggest that the structural, cultural, and situational context of a rural setting uniquely affects police decision-making, highlighting the significance of geographic and sociocultural environment in use of discretion. The qualitative approach and analysis provide extensive detail regarding place-based effects on the police decision-making process, including officer motivations and how officers attribute meaning and contextually filter information in an encounter with youth. By illuminating the gray area of policing, these findings have implications for rural law enforcement training and practices and provide future direction for broader agency policy research.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78231553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157
Michael Fuchs
ABSTRACT Availability and appropriate use of digital devices are indispensable for modern learning and work environments. Compared to school and university education, however, there is hardly any empirical, scientifically sound knowledge available on this subject for the area of police training and education. The study therefore examined how the use of personally assigned digital devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones, as well as the use of interactive whiteboards, is related to the learning behaviour and academic performance of 99 police trainees during 18 months of police training. The results showed that a frequent use of digital devices was related to an improvement in learning behaviour and interest. The results on academic performance of these 99 police officers trainees compared to the trainees without personally assigned digital devices of the same cohort (N = 629) are mixed. The study points out several practical implications for the further implementation of digital devices, such as the need for training the police personnel, developing new didactic teaching methods as well as new teaching formats.
{"title":"Digital equipment – a game changer for police training?! Experiences of the Bavarian Police training","authors":"Michael Fuchs","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2067157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Availability and appropriate use of digital devices are indispensable for modern learning and work environments. Compared to school and university education, however, there is hardly any empirical, scientifically sound knowledge available on this subject for the area of police training and education. The study therefore examined how the use of personally assigned digital devices such as tablet PCs and smartphones, as well as the use of interactive whiteboards, is related to the learning behaviour and academic performance of 99 police trainees during 18 months of police training. The results showed that a frequent use of digital devices was related to an improvement in learning behaviour and interest. The results on academic performance of these 99 police officers trainees compared to the trainees without personally assigned digital devices of the same cohort (N = 629) are mixed. The study points out several practical implications for the further implementation of digital devices, such as the need for training the police personnel, developing new didactic teaching methods as well as new teaching formats.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：