Pub Date : 2022-09-04DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2117178
L. Harms, Lauren Kosta, L. Hickey
ABSTRACT Crimes on the scale of a collective trauma event (CTE) can generate fear, grief, and a sense of injustice that impact beyond those directly affected. Increasingly, reassurance policing is mobilised to restore a sense of community safety and security. Yet little is evidenced as to what constitutes effective reassurance policing, and its barriers and enablers. This study examined police perceptions of good reassurance practice within Victoria Police, Australia. Two focus groups were conducted (senior command (n = 17) and frontline operational staff groups, (n = 9)) and data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Five components of good reassurance practice were identified – (1) understanding the purpose of reassurance; (2) assessing the unique context of each CTE; (3) implementing the key strategies of reassurance; (4) using the core skills of reassurance; and (5) having reassurance guidelines. Based on these findings, key skill and strategy areas are proposed for inclusion in an organisational reassurance framework. Alongside these policy and practice proposals, we recommend that larger scale, multisite, and mixed-method studies of reassurance practices are needed to enable opportunities to triangulate perspectives of diverse police and community groups.
{"title":"Effective reassurance policing after collective trauma events: Perceptions of Australian police","authors":"L. Harms, Lauren Kosta, L. Hickey","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2117178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2117178","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crimes on the scale of a collective trauma event (CTE) can generate fear, grief, and a sense of injustice that impact beyond those directly affected. Increasingly, reassurance policing is mobilised to restore a sense of community safety and security. Yet little is evidenced as to what constitutes effective reassurance policing, and its barriers and enablers. This study examined police perceptions of good reassurance practice within Victoria Police, Australia. Two focus groups were conducted (senior command (n = 17) and frontline operational staff groups, (n = 9)) and data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Five components of good reassurance practice were identified – (1) understanding the purpose of reassurance; (2) assessing the unique context of each CTE; (3) implementing the key strategies of reassurance; (4) using the core skills of reassurance; and (5) having reassurance guidelines. Based on these findings, key skill and strategy areas are proposed for inclusion in an organisational reassurance framework. Alongside these policy and practice proposals, we recommend that larger scale, multisite, and mixed-method studies of reassurance practices are needed to enable opportunities to triangulate perspectives of diverse police and community groups.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79442881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2119971
Angela L. Workman-Stark
ABSTRACT From semi-structured interviews with 42 Canadian police officers, the study suggests that the occupational context created both personal and professional identity threats are largely based on the degree to which officers aligned with the image of the ideal worker as physically strong, aggressive and committed to the job. Because perceived nonconforming members also violated gendered expectations for behavior, they not only experienced threats to their personal identities, but also were potentially subjected to bullying, harassment, and isolation. Socialization processes and occupational stigma were identified as two key factors that intensified the occupational identity and the ‘us’ and ‘them’ divide leading to more vigorous defenses against group identity threats. Despite the salience of these contextual factors, not all officers experienced the identity threats in the same way, highlighting changing views on what it means to be an ‘ideal’ police officer as well as opportunities for reform.
{"title":"‘Me’ versus ‘We’: exploring the personal and professional identity-threatening experiences of police officers and the factors that contribute to them","authors":"Angela L. Workman-Stark","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2119971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2119971","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From semi-structured interviews with 42 Canadian police officers, the study suggests that the occupational context created both personal and professional identity threats are largely based on the degree to which officers aligned with the image of the ideal worker as physically strong, aggressive and committed to the job. Because perceived nonconforming members also violated gendered expectations for behavior, they not only experienced threats to their personal identities, but also were potentially subjected to bullying, harassment, and isolation. Socialization processes and occupational stigma were identified as two key factors that intensified the occupational identity and the ‘us’ and ‘them’ divide leading to more vigorous defenses against group identity threats. Despite the salience of these contextual factors, not all officers experienced the identity threats in the same way, highlighting changing views on what it means to be an ‘ideal’ police officer as well as opportunities for reform.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72476674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2116436
D. Walsh, Igor Areh, Rashid Minhas, Simon-Lewis Menzies
ABSTRACT Eyewitness testimony is important to criminal investigations. Research has found that remembering is a process that can be distorted by various factors, such as how witnesses are interviewed. Further, prior research has also found that written statements taken by the investigator are not always accurate. The present study explored for what is believed the first time whether interviewing skills are associated with both how much correct verbal information is provided by witnesses and also the accuracy of written statements, using a sample of 30 interviews conducted by serving professional investigators. We found greater inaccuracies at each of these two phases when interviewers were assessed as being less skilled, when compared to interviews conducted by their more highly rated counterparts. Interviewing skills thus appear important when interviewers attempt to gain accurate information from witnesses, and when they generate accurate written statements. Implications for policies and practice, and for future research, are discussed.
{"title":"When law enforcement interview witnesses and write their statements","authors":"D. Walsh, Igor Areh, Rashid Minhas, Simon-Lewis Menzies","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2116436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2116436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eyewitness testimony is important to criminal investigations. Research has found that remembering is a process that can be distorted by various factors, such as how witnesses are interviewed. Further, prior research has also found that written statements taken by the investigator are not always accurate. The present study explored for what is believed the first time whether interviewing skills are associated with both how much correct verbal information is provided by witnesses and also the accuracy of written statements, using a sample of 30 interviews conducted by serving professional investigators. We found greater inaccuracies at each of these two phases when interviewers were assessed as being less skilled, when compared to interviews conducted by their more highly rated counterparts. Interviewing skills thus appear important when interviewers attempt to gain accurate information from witnesses, and when they generate accurate written statements. Implications for policies and practice, and for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78222096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2112193
Alaina De Biasi, Julie M. Krupa, Amanda Rzotkiewicz, E. McGarrell, G. Circo, Juli Liebler
ABSTRACT In the United States (U.S.), elevated levels of firearm violence following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in late March 2020 drew attention to efforts taken by law enforcement to reduce and prevent firearm violence through policing innovations. However, it is not well-understood how operational changes in policing during this time impacted these efforts. Our study is the first to consider the perceptions and experiences of law enforcement personnel during the pandemic as it relates to violence reduction and prevention initiatives (VRPIs) and firearm violence, more broadly. By leveraging partnerships between an academic research team and law enforcement practitioners, our action research approach is well-positioned to offer recommendations to support policies and practices that are responsive to emerging crises. While our study is based within the U.S., our focus on the impact of a global phenomenon on firearm violence is of international interest. To this end, an anonymous and voluntary online survey was distributed to both sworn and civilian personnel of the Detroit Police Department (Detroit, Michigan) in August 2020 to understand how the department’s VRPIs and related routine police operations were impacted during the pandemic, and identify potential community and criminal justice system drivers of firearm violence during this time. Our focus on the city of Detroit represents a unique opportunity to explore these connections given the city’s volume of firearm violence, as well as the severity and scope of challenges faced in cities of color. We discuss how our findings can be applied to guide the construction of systems that are more robust against and responsive to external and internal pressures. We also provide several recommendations to guide future research in this area.
{"title":"Insights from law enforcement personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a focus on violence reduction and prevention initiatives and firearm violence","authors":"Alaina De Biasi, Julie M. Krupa, Amanda Rzotkiewicz, E. McGarrell, G. Circo, Juli Liebler","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2112193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2112193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the United States (U.S.), elevated levels of firearm violence following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in late March 2020 drew attention to efforts taken by law enforcement to reduce and prevent firearm violence through policing innovations. However, it is not well-understood how operational changes in policing during this time impacted these efforts. Our study is the first to consider the perceptions and experiences of law enforcement personnel during the pandemic as it relates to violence reduction and prevention initiatives (VRPIs) and firearm violence, more broadly. By leveraging partnerships between an academic research team and law enforcement practitioners, our action research approach is well-positioned to offer recommendations to support policies and practices that are responsive to emerging crises. While our study is based within the U.S., our focus on the impact of a global phenomenon on firearm violence is of international interest. To this end, an anonymous and voluntary online survey was distributed to both sworn and civilian personnel of the Detroit Police Department (Detroit, Michigan) in August 2020 to understand how the department’s VRPIs and related routine police operations were impacted during the pandemic, and identify potential community and criminal justice system drivers of firearm violence during this time. Our focus on the city of Detroit represents a unique opportunity to explore these connections given the city’s volume of firearm violence, as well as the severity and scope of challenges faced in cities of color. We discuss how our findings can be applied to guide the construction of systems that are more robust against and responsive to external and internal pressures. We also provide several recommendations to guide future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75827042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2113787
E. Lambert, Hanif Qureshi, James Frank
ABSTRACT Public trust in the police is an important element of a healthy democracy. Concurrently, trust within the workplace is essential for a healthy organization, including the police. The main forms of organizational trust are management, supervisor, and coworker trust. However, there has been little research on how organizational trust affects police officers. This study examines the effects of these three forms of organizational trust on the job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment of police officers. The sample of 827 officers was drawn from two districts in Haryana, India. The findings indicate that all three forms of trust play an important role in improving the work attitudes of Indian police officers and that personal characteristics account for a lesser variance than the trust variables.
{"title":"Exploring the effects of different workplace trust variables on the work attitudes of police officers","authors":"E. Lambert, Hanif Qureshi, James Frank","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2113787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2113787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Public trust in the police is an important element of a healthy democracy. Concurrently, trust within the workplace is essential for a healthy organization, including the police. The main forms of organizational trust are management, supervisor, and coworker trust. However, there has been little research on how organizational trust affects police officers. This study examines the effects of these three forms of organizational trust on the job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment of police officers. The sample of 827 officers was drawn from two districts in Haryana, India. The findings indicate that all three forms of trust play an important role in improving the work attitudes of Indian police officers and that personal characteristics account for a lesser variance than the trust variables.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2110099
M. S. Leirvik
ABSTRACT Despite a growing body of research on experiences of discrimination and racism within the police, literature showing how these experiences impact on ethnic representation remains scarce. In this article, I explore which forms of microaggression ethnic minority officers in Norway experience ‘behind the scenes’, from colleagues, and how these experiences affect ethnic representation in the patrol service. A crucial test of whether passive representation translates into active representation is whether police officers make use of their cultural and linguistic competence during police work. Fieldwork observations of and narratives from ethnic minority police officers show that minority officers, on their own initiative, make use of their cultural and linguistic skills in specific situations. Thus, experiences of microaggression impact the use of cultural and linguistic competence among minority officers in a less negative manner than expected.
{"title":"Microaggression within the patrol service – a barrier against ethnic representation?","authors":"M. S. Leirvik","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2110099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2110099","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite a growing body of research on experiences of discrimination and racism within the police, literature showing how these experiences impact on ethnic representation remains scarce. In this article, I explore which forms of microaggression ethnic minority officers in Norway experience ‘behind the scenes’, from colleagues, and how these experiences affect ethnic representation in the patrol service. A crucial test of whether passive representation translates into active representation is whether police officers make use of their cultural and linguistic competence during police work. Fieldwork observations of and narratives from ethnic minority police officers show that minority officers, on their own initiative, make use of their cultural and linguistic skills in specific situations. Thus, experiences of microaggression impact the use of cultural and linguistic competence among minority officers in a less negative manner than expected.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2105333
Cathy G. Sceli, K. Rougeau, Tara L. Diesbourg
ABSTRACT This study used a survey to gather information regarding workplace accommodations for pregnant police officers and the experiences of women who have worked under these policies. Thirty-six current and former female police officers from Canada and the United States were included in this analysis (including 24 who had been pregnant, and one who was currently pregnant at the time of participation). Eleven respondents who had never been pregnant were also included to control for work-related pain scores (rather than pregnancy-related pain scores) and to gather more entries with respect to departmental pregnancy policies. Experience with on-the-job pregnancy accommodations varied, with some expressing satisfaction with their accommodations, while others were deeply dissatisfied. Results suggest that blanket policies requiring pregnancy-related reassignment to light-duty does not consistently relieve pregnancy-related discomfort and may not always benefit the female officer. Officers indicated that improved policies may be a solution to retain and recruit female officers.
{"title":"Policing while pregnant: examining the need for standardized pregnancy-related work accommodations for women in policing","authors":"Cathy G. Sceli, K. Rougeau, Tara L. Diesbourg","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2105333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2105333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study used a survey to gather information regarding workplace accommodations for pregnant police officers and the experiences of women who have worked under these policies. Thirty-six current and former female police officers from Canada and the United States were included in this analysis (including 24 who had been pregnant, and one who was currently pregnant at the time of participation). Eleven respondents who had never been pregnant were also included to control for work-related pain scores (rather than pregnancy-related pain scores) and to gather more entries with respect to departmental pregnancy policies. Experience with on-the-job pregnancy accommodations varied, with some expressing satisfaction with their accommodations, while others were deeply dissatisfied. Results suggest that blanket policies requiring pregnancy-related reassignment to light-duty does not consistently relieve pregnancy-related discomfort and may not always benefit the female officer. Officers indicated that improved policies may be a solution to retain and recruit female officers.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83710670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2098128
Soraia Oliveira, Ana Pinto, Carla Carvalho, Rui Coelho de Moura, Paulo Santos-Costa, S. Gondim
ABSTRACT Grounded in the Emotional Labour Theory, we aim to study the relationship between emotional demands (the expression of positive emotions and suppression of negative emotions) and work engagement in a sample of Portuguese police officers. We intend to explore the possible effects of these emotional demands on work engagement and ways of preventing and/or mitigating its impact. When analysing the studies conducted in the Portuguese police context, we found a gap regarding emotions and/or emotional regulation. Accordingly, a sample of 924 Portuguese police officers from the Public Security Police (PSP) answered the Emotion Work Requirements Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale voluntarily. Through correlation and multiple linear regression, we found a relationship between these emotional demands toward different interpersonal interactions and work engagement. We discuss these results, providing suggestions for field intervention and clues for future research.
{"title":"Emotional labour demands and work engagement in Portuguese police officers","authors":"Soraia Oliveira, Ana Pinto, Carla Carvalho, Rui Coelho de Moura, Paulo Santos-Costa, S. Gondim","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2098128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2098128","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grounded in the Emotional Labour Theory, we aim to study the relationship between emotional demands (the expression of positive emotions and suppression of negative emotions) and work engagement in a sample of Portuguese police officers. We intend to explore the possible effects of these emotional demands on work engagement and ways of preventing and/or mitigating its impact. When analysing the studies conducted in the Portuguese police context, we found a gap regarding emotions and/or emotional regulation. Accordingly, a sample of 924 Portuguese police officers from the Public Security Police (PSP) answered the Emotion Work Requirements Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale voluntarily. Through correlation and multiple linear regression, we found a relationship between these emotional demands toward different interpersonal interactions and work engagement. We discuss these results, providing suggestions for field intervention and clues for future research.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89481829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2105334
Brooke E. Mathna, M. C. Koen
ABSTRACT In recent years, police agencies across the United States have been facing increasing scrutiny from the public. Consequently, police organizations have been encouraged to refocus their attention on garnering a positive image. While ride-along programs have existed since the 1950s and have been aimed at promoting a positive police image, no research in recent years has tested whether ride-along programs serve this purpose effectively. Using qualitative essay responses and a pre/post-survey design across four cohorts of introductory-level policing classes at one university, this study sheds light on the extent to which police ride-along programs impact the way respondents perceived police image and the profession in general. The current study found that while the sample largely already had positive perceptions of the police, these perceptions were often further reinforced, occasionally challenged, and became more nuanced after ride-alongs. These findings have important implications for practitioners and scholars.
{"title":"Police ride-along programs: exploring student perceptions","authors":"Brooke E. Mathna, M. C. Koen","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2105334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2105334","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, police agencies across the United States have been facing increasing scrutiny from the public. Consequently, police organizations have been encouraged to refocus their attention on garnering a positive image. While ride-along programs have existed since the 1950s and have been aimed at promoting a positive police image, no research in recent years has tested whether ride-along programs serve this purpose effectively. Using qualitative essay responses and a pre/post-survey design across four cohorts of introductory-level policing classes at one university, this study sheds light on the extent to which police ride-along programs impact the way respondents perceived police image and the profession in general. The current study found that while the sample largely already had positive perceptions of the police, these perceptions were often further reinforced, occasionally challenged, and became more nuanced after ride-alongs. These findings have important implications for practitioners and scholars.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90054749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.1080/15614263.2022.2102494
Samuel H. Langton, S. Ruiter, T. Verlaan
ABSTRACT This paper describes the scale and composition of emergency demand for police services in Detroit, United States. The contribution is made in replication and extension of analyses reported elsewhere in the United States. Findings indicate that police spend a considerable proportion of time performing a social service function. Just 51% of the total deployed time responding to 911 calls is consumed by crime incidents. The remainder is spent on quality of life (16%), traffic (15%), health (7%), community (5%), and proactive (4%) duties. A small number of incidents consume a disproportionately large amount of police officer time. Emergency demand is concentrated in time and space, and can differ between types of demand. The findings further highlight the potential implications of radically reforming police forces in the United States. The data and code used here are openly available for reproduction, reuse, and scrutiny.
{"title":"Describing the scale and composition of calls for police service: a replication and extension using open data","authors":"Samuel H. Langton, S. Ruiter, T. Verlaan","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2022.2102494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2022.2102494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes the scale and composition of emergency demand for police services in Detroit, United States. The contribution is made in replication and extension of analyses reported elsewhere in the United States. Findings indicate that police spend a considerable proportion of time performing a social service function. Just 51% of the total deployed time responding to 911 calls is consumed by crime incidents. The remainder is spent on quality of life (16%), traffic (15%), health (7%), community (5%), and proactive (4%) duties. A small number of incidents consume a disproportionately large amount of police officer time. Emergency demand is concentrated in time and space, and can differ between types of demand. The findings further highlight the potential implications of radically reforming police forces in the United States. The data and code used here are openly available for reproduction, reuse, and scrutiny.","PeriodicalId":47167,"journal":{"name":"Police Practice and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87259266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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