I-Perception最新文献

Shading is an important monocular cue for three-dimensional (3D) perception, whereby 3D shape can be inferred from shading patterns across an object, in a process termed shape-from-shading. Shape-from-shading has been characterised as a pre-attentive process that occurs in parallel across the visual field. Recent evidence, however, has challenged this notion, suggesting that it consists of an early pre-attentive process and a later stage of processing that is reliant on top-down attention. Here, we use event-related potentials (ERPs) to test this claim whilst participants were instructed either to ignore or to attend to shaded stimuli that could be perceived as two-dimensional (2D) and 3D. We found that 3D stimuli evoked a larger N1 component than 2D stimuli in both attended and unattended conditions, implying an early, pre-attentive processing stage in shape-from-shading. This activity was lateralised to the right hemisphere when participants attended to the stimuli, in accordance with the right hemisphere advantage in top-down attention. Further, when participants attended to the stimuli, a larger N2 component for 3D compared to 2D shape was found, suggesting a late, top-down process for identifying 3D shape. These findings provide evidence for two distinct stages of processing for shape-from-shading and suggest that attention is necessary for the perception of shape-from-shading.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/20416695251315382.].

Understanding others' listening experiences is an instance of social metacognition. We investigate attributed listening experiences to fictional others in two online experiments involving two groups, young and older adults with normal hearing. We assessed the similarity between the judgement they gave for themselves and for two fictional characters (same or different age), with respect to listening experiences and effort required across various listening scenarios. In Exp. 1, all characters were described as having normal hearing; in Exp. 2, we introduced one additional older character with hearing loss. In both experiments, younger adults judged the older characters as experiencing more effort, irrespective of hearing loss. Instead, older adults reported to experience less effort than older characters, irrespective of characters' hearing status and judged themselves closer to the young character. These findings show disparities in metacognitive auditory perspective taking in young and older adults, documenting a potential self-serving bias of older adults.

This study investigates the phenomenon of magnification illusion, where the perception of perspective and optical slant angles changes when a scene is magnified. Our findings indicate that magnification influences these angles differently depending on location, which suggests that the illusion might be caused by changes in three-dimensional (3D) interpretation. Our findings reveal that the change of perspective angle interpretation primarily occurred when the stimuli were on the ground and sidewall but not those on the ceiling. Specifically, stimuli on the ceiling exhibit a significant underestimation of optical slant angles, while the perspective angle remains relatively stable. We developed a mathematical model based on the hypothesis of changes in 3D interpretation, which aligns well with our data. It was found that the interpretation of the perspective angle and the optical slant angle changes when a scene is magnified as indicated by the proposed relationship. This research provides the characteristics underlying spatial perception and its alteration under magnification and relative location, with potential applications in virtual reality and augmented reality system designs.

When interacting with technology, humans often deal with delays between an action and the desired action outcome. Through delay adaptation these delays will become less detrimental to visuomotor performance over time. Delay adaptation has been shown for a variety of tasks and control modes, from simple button presses causing a beep or flash to continuous target-tracking tasks. Here we investigated whether the delay adaptation is specific for the control mode used, when the task itself remained unaltered. To this end, participants performed a target tracking task in which they controlled a cursor item either by moving a stylus on a graphics tablet or by pressing the arrow keys on a keyboard. We found that delay adaptation occurred for both these types of control modes, but observed no transfer to the other control mode. This indicates that delay adaptation is specific to the control mode used during adaptation.

This article explores audiovisual associations within the context of contemporary and experimental music practices, particularly focusing on sound-based music. While extensive studies exist on crossmodality in relation to traditional music genres (such as classical instrumental music), the perceptual potential of sound-based music remains an underexplored field of psychological research. In an online procedure, 152 participants were exposed to six musical excerpts from spectralism and electronic-glitch music and were asked to rate the extent to which each audio matched with six ad hoc generated black and white abstract images. Statistical analysis revealed that ratings were highly consistent across participants, indicating that they may rely on a shared set of implicit perceptual criteria rooted in Gestalt and morphodynamic features common to both auditory and visual stimuli. In particular, smoothness, continuity, numericity, symmetry, and spectrotemporal dimensions emerged as the primary factors influencing the association ratings. We discuss the implication of these findings both for crossmodal research and musicology, and suggest some directions for future research in audiovisual associations using sound-based music.

The Flying Bluebottle Illusion is a compelling example of how the perceived trajectory of moving objects can be greatly influenced by other motion sources in the visual scene. In this article, we present a series of simplified variants of the Flying Bluebottle Illusion in which the true motion of a target is a circular orbit around a central point. However, when a similar but offset orbiting motion trajectory is added to a set of surrounding inducers, the perceived trajectory of the target is drastically altered in both extent and direction. In other words, the perceived orbiting motion of the target is "pulled" and distorted by the orbiting motion of the inducers. For simplicity's sake, we refer to the illusory effect revealed by these dueling orbits as the Dueling Orbit Illusion. These simplified variants lend themselves to empirical study with resultant effects that can be readily modeled. Here, we present a series of case examples for how the parameters of the stimuli may be varied to yield predictable effects, describe a straightforward computational model for quantifying the magnitude of the contextual influence, and discuss how the model may be leveraged to gain insight into the phenomenon of induced motion across a range of within and between observer domains.

Two spots moving simultaneously along the same path in opposite directions can appear either to bounce or stream. Bouncing is promoted by spots that turn back and retrace their path. Streaming is promoted by same-size spots, moving along a straight path and viewed peripherally. Both percepts are driven by Gestalt grouping.

When human observers are asked to describe the shape of a surface, they often identify an arrangement of surface features like bumps, dimples, ridges, or valleys. The central hypothesis of the present research is that the perceptual representation of three-dimensional shape has a graph-like structure that is defined by patterns of surface curvature, and that this is the structure that artists depict when they produce line drawings of objects. Two experiments were performed, in which observers marked the boundaries of bumps on a shaded surface, or the locations of ridges and valleys. Although they were not specifically instructed about where those features were located, the observers' responses corresponded quite closely with the curvature extrema on each depicted object, and their judgments exhibited a high degree of constancy over changes in the pattern of illumination. The relationship is much weaker between the perceived locations of ridges and valleys and the local extrema of luminance in an image. Although variations of luminance are strongly influenced by the pattern of surface curvature, they are also influenced by local variations in illumination caused by multiple light sources, cast shadows, or indirect reflections. Human observers can somehow distinguish between those two components of luminance variation, but the visual information that makes that possible has yet to be determined.

Travelling longitudinal waves provide a novel visual motion stimulus that supports the perception of stereoscopic travelling waves from a phased array of sinusoidal oscillations.