I-Perception最新文献

In the rubber hand illusion (RHI), individuals perceive a fake hand as their own if an unseen hand and a visible fake hand are stroked simultaneously. We examined how the RHI on either hand influenced the temporal order judgment (TOJ) of bimanual stimulation. In Experiment 1, participants performed TOJ during RHI or non-RHI conditions. When the fake hand was oriented in an anatomically incongruent position (non-RHI condition), the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) from TOJ showed no difference between the stroke sides. However, during the RHI condition, the PSS tended to shift in the opposite direction to the stroke, resulting in a significant difference between the sides. This implies slower tactile processing in the illusion-affected hand. When participants performed an identical TOJ while watching the fake hand without stroking (Experiment 2), no PSS modulation was found. Our findings suggest the possibility that the RHI attenuates tactile processing, but its magnitude is small.

It has been suggested that caricaturing enhances esthetic appeal, by making an image more strongly stimulate those areas of the brain encoding the subject's distinctive features than does the subject itself. However, some experimental work suggests that people prefer faces with proportions closer to average, or closer to a particular template. It might be that familiarity with the face is important if caricaturing is to increase the esthetic appeal of a likeness. Here we examined how automated caricaturing of photographs of nominal celebrities influenced judgments of esthetic appeal, and how familiarity with the celebrities affected these. Caricaturing monotonically decreased the esthetic appeal of the celebrity photographs, with subjects' familiarity with the celebrity not influencing this relationship. The degree to which caricaturing influenced esthetic appeal was not correlated with judgments of relative spatial dimensions for a simple shape, either in a discrimination threshold experiment or a peak-shift experiment.

In time perception research, we typically measure how an observer perceives time intervals by collecting data from multiple trials with a single estimate recorded on each. However, this gives us limited information about the observer's uncertainty for each estimate, which we usually measure from the variability across trials. Our study tested the potential of a modified reproduction task to provide a duration estimate as well as a measure of uncertainty on a single-trial basis. Participants were instructed to press and hold a key to temporally bracket the end of a learned duration (0.6-4 s) as narrowly as possible. Therefore, we expected the bracket's length to indicate the level of uncertainty. We compared this method to a conventional reproduction task. Taking the mid-point of the bracket as the duration estimate, we found that both methods produced equivalent data. Critically, the bracket length predicted reproduction variability, indicating that a single bracket obtained in an individual trial could potentially provide as much information as multiple reproductions. Additionally, relative variability in bracket start and end positions suggests a combination of additive and multiplicative noise components. Our findings highlight the bracket method as a more efficient and nuanced approach to measure time estimates and their associated uncertainty, expanding the methodological toolkit and opening new avenues in time perception research.

Backward masking is a powerful phenomenon that can reduce, often to zero, the visibility of targets. Here, we show that when the masking is less than completely effective so that the target remains visible, the masking has other effects, specifically reducing the perceived size of the target.

A rotating stimulus of alternating red and white sectors generates a faint pink fill throughout the image. The trailing cyan after images of the red sectors quickly become the brightest regions in the image, providing an index of the overall illumination that triggers a shift of the white point. Actual white areas then shift in the opposite direction and appear pink.

Previous research on haptic search using sandpaper with different roughness levels as a target and distractors showed that rough sandpaper among fine "pops out" and can be searched for in a shorter time than when the roles of the target and distractors are reversed. However, it is not clear whether the same search asymmetry occurs with differences in the shapes of tactile symbols on capsule paper. To explore this possibility, we conducted a haptic search experiment using circles with or without a dot on capsule paper as a target and distractors, which are often used as point symbols in tactile maps for the blind. Contrary to our expectations, haptic search asymmetry did not occur between these two tactile symbols. Regardless of target type, the search times increased in proportion to the number of items (distractors plus target), as participants tended to adopt serial search strategy in which they placed their index or middle finger on the tactile symbol to distinguish it every time they found a new one. The ratio of the search times for target-absent to target-present trials is precise alignment with the occurrence rate of repetitive search trials.

We describe a new phenomenon-partial object doubling-in which the perceived contours of peripherally viewed moving targets become distorted and duplicated. The effect appears to arise due to interactions between physically drawn contours and the strong negative afterimages that are dynamically released during stable viewing of the displays. An online demo is provided where the effect can be experienced and relevant parameters manipulated.

Transient-induced fading is a phenomenon where a peripheral target perceptually fades when a surrounding object is flashed. It has been suggested that the transient-induced fading could be affected not only by the lower-level factors such as the luminance contrast change, but also by the higher-level factors such as Gestalt grouping by similarity. In the present study, Experiment 1 investigated whether the perceptual fading of a visual target could be strongly induced when a ring area surrounding the target with high luminance contrast disappeared rather than appeared. Experiment 2 examined the effect of the (dis)appearance of a higher-level object (Kanizsa-type subjective contour) on the fading perception. Experiment 3 further investigated whether the rating of the perceived effortlessness of a subjective contour could be positively correlated with the fading duration of the target. Our results revealed that perceptual fading was mainly induced by the disappearance of fan areas inside black disks producing a subjective contour surrounding the target. Disappearance of a perceptual object at the representation level does not trigger the transient-induced fading even if a higher-level factor (e.g., grouping by similarity) affects the fading objects.

Skin color is one of the colors we are most frequently exposed to. It contains information, such as ethnic group and health status, and numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of various facial attributes on the formation of impressions. However, no research has specifically explored the repercussions of treating changes in skin color as a singular variable. We cross-culturally examined skin color changes along with the red-yellow axis and how they influence facial impressions across six face shapes from three types of ethnicities. A 7-point scale was used for evaluation, and the observers evaluated the impression of face images according to the following six evaluation items: healthiness, preference, brightness, whiteness, transparency, and skin tone. The observers were divided into the following four groups: Japan, China, Thailand, and the Caucasus. Differences in the evaluation and association of skin color with various traits emerged between cultures. For instance, East Asian cultures associated positive attributes with reddish skin colors, whereas Caucasians often linked positive traits with yellowish skin colors. These cultural disparities emphasize the dynamic interplay between culture and perception in assessing facial impressions.

There has long been interest in augmenting cinematic and other forms of public entertainment through tactile and/or bodily (i.e., vestibular) stimulation. In this narrative historical review, the early history of touch (or haptics, as it is sometimes called) and other forms of bodily stimulation (e.g., motion platforms) in the context of entertainment is critically reviewed, with a focus on early cinema as well as other early examples of immersive virtual reality travel experiences. Critically, various challenges have limited the introduction of such additional channels of sensory stimulation. These include technological, financial, cognitive, creative, ethical/artistic, and also legal considerations, given the many patents that currently exist covering commercial digital tactile stimulation (e.g., in the gaming context). Taken together, these challenges help to explain why it is that despite the early interest in "the feelies" (e.g., an envisioning of film that includes tactile sensations by Aldous Huxley, in his novel Brave New World), touch-enhanced cinema and storytelling have never really caught on in the mainstream in the way that, say, the talkies so obviously did following the introduction of sound into cinema in the early decades of the 20th century. Nevertheless, identifying the potential successful use cases that have emerged from previous attempts to augment public entertainments with tactile/bodily stimulation will likely provide useful guidelines for the future tactile augmentation of home entertainment.