Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2023.2268816
Erica Mildner
ABSTRACTCountries facing population decline have increasingly turned to family welfare incentives to encourage higher fertility. Quantitative analyses have revealed mixed evidence that these policies are effective. However, it remains unknown how much individuals know about their countries' family welfare policies. The extent of men’s welfare knowledge in particular remains unexamined. Relying on 26 interviews with prospective parents in Hungary (N = 11) and the US (N = 15), this study examines what knowledge prospective parents have of family welfare policies in two distinct welfare contexts: Hungary, where certain individuals are heavily rewarded for having three or more children, and the US, where individuals do not receive significant financial support for having any number of children. Findings from this study demonstrate how policy knowledge is shaped by the public versus private nature of the welfare state. This study also reveals how policy measures can shape the gendered division of labor years before a child is born – a fruitful area for future research.KEYWORDS: Family welfarepolicy knowledgegender equitycross-nationalparenthood Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 There are a limited series of Nordic studies on men’s fertility awareness in family planning (Bodin et al., Citation2017; Schmidt et al., Citation2022), but none to date on men’s awareness of government family welfare incentives.2 Hungary does have a protected five days of paid leave that fathers can take after the birth of a child but this is not referred to as a separate paternity leave (Gábos & Makay, Citation2022, p. 274).3 The California survey also found that Latino respondents had less awareness of the state’s paid family leave law than non-Latino counterparts.4 Though I posted on social media groups targeted to New York residents, two respondents had moved to Austin, Texas and one to Chicago, Illinois at the time of the interview. As these cities are major urban centers with similar socio-political environments, I retained these interviews in the final sample. Texas and Illinois do have different family welfare policy offerings than New York. However, this study focuses on respondents’ knowledge of federal, state, and employer family supports, rather than actual policy offerings.5 The Hungarian and US samples were not limited by age, though the median age in each sample was 26 years old.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Central European University.Notes on contributorsErica MildnerErica Mildner is a PhD candidate in sociology at the University of British Columbia. She received her MA in Gender Studies from Central European University. Her research focuses on gender, labor, and family welfare policies.
人口下降的国家越来越多地转向家庭福利激励来鼓励更高的生育率。定量分析显示，这些政策是有效的，证据不一。然而，目前还不清楚个人对他们国家的家庭福利政策了解多少。特别是男性福利知识的程度仍未得到检验。通过对匈牙利(N = 11)和美国(N = 15)的26位准父母的访谈，本研究考察了两种不同福利背景下准父母对家庭福利政策的了解程度:匈牙利，某些人因为生三个或更多孩子而获得高额奖励，而美国，个人因为生任何数量的孩子而得不到显著的经济支持。这项研究的结果表明，福利国家的公共与私人性质是如何塑造政策知识的。这项研究还揭示了政策措施如何在孩子出生前几年塑造性别劳动分工——这是未来研究的一个富有成果的领域。关键词:家庭福利政策知识性别平等跨国父母披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1北欧关于计划生育中男性生育意识的研究有限(Bodin et al.， Citation2017;Schmidt et al.， Citation2022)，但迄今为止没有关于男性对政府家庭福利激励的认识匈牙利确实有受保护的五天带薪假期，父亲可以在孩子出生后休假，但这并不被称为单独的陪产假(Gábos & Makay, Citation2022, p. 274)加州的调查还发现，拉丁裔受访者对该州带薪家庭假法律的了解程度低于非拉丁裔受访者虽然我在针对纽约居民的社交媒体群上发帖，但在采访时，两位受访者已经搬到了德克萨斯州的奥斯汀，一位搬到了伊利诺伊州的芝加哥。由于这些城市都是具有相似社会政治环境的主要城市中心，我在最后的样本中保留了这些采访。德克萨斯州和伊利诺伊州的家庭福利政策确实与纽约州不同。然而，本研究关注的是受访者对联邦、州和雇主家庭支持的了解，而不是实际的政策提供匈牙利和美国的样本不受年龄的限制，尽管每个样本的中位年龄都是26岁。本研究得到了中欧大学的支持。作者简介erica Mildner，英属哥伦比亚大学社会学博士研究生。她获得中欧大学性别研究硕士学位。她的研究重点是性别、劳动和家庭福利政策。
{"title":"What do prospective parents know about family welfare incentives? Evidence from Hungary and the United States","authors":"Erica Mildner","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2023.2268816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2023.2268816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCountries facing population decline have increasingly turned to family welfare incentives to encourage higher fertility. Quantitative analyses have revealed mixed evidence that these policies are effective. However, it remains unknown how much individuals know about their countries' family welfare policies. The extent of men’s welfare knowledge in particular remains unexamined. Relying on 26 interviews with prospective parents in Hungary (N = 11) and the US (N = 15), this study examines what knowledge prospective parents have of family welfare policies in two distinct welfare contexts: Hungary, where certain individuals are heavily rewarded for having three or more children, and the US, where individuals do not receive significant financial support for having any number of children. Findings from this study demonstrate how policy knowledge is shaped by the public versus private nature of the welfare state. This study also reveals how policy measures can shape the gendered division of labor years before a child is born – a fruitful area for future research.KEYWORDS: Family welfarepolicy knowledgegender equitycross-nationalparenthood Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 There are a limited series of Nordic studies on men’s fertility awareness in family planning (Bodin et al., Citation2017; Schmidt et al., Citation2022), but none to date on men’s awareness of government family welfare incentives.2 Hungary does have a protected five days of paid leave that fathers can take after the birth of a child but this is not referred to as a separate paternity leave (Gábos & Makay, Citation2022, p. 274).3 The California survey also found that Latino respondents had less awareness of the state’s paid family leave law than non-Latino counterparts.4 Though I posted on social media groups targeted to New York residents, two respondents had moved to Austin, Texas and one to Chicago, Illinois at the time of the interview. As these cities are major urban centers with similar socio-political environments, I retained these interviews in the final sample. Texas and Illinois do have different family welfare policy offerings than New York. However, this study focuses on respondents’ knowledge of federal, state, and employer family supports, rather than actual policy offerings.5 The Hungarian and US samples were not limited by age, though the median age in each sample was 26 years old.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Central European University.Notes on contributorsErica MildnerErica Mildner is a PhD candidate in sociology at the University of British Columbia. She received her MA in Gender Studies from Central European University. Her research focuses on gender, labor, and family welfare policies.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThis paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the everyday lives of young women living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Engaging a feminist intersectional and youth studies approach and drawing upon interviews and focus groups with 45 young women (16–25 years) from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, we reveal how culture, ethnicity, socio-economic and living conditions impacted the gendered and emotional labor expected of young women (i.e. caring for younger siblings, vulnerable family members, various chores, part-time work), and how the practices of care for others impacted young women’s capacity for their own educational, social and career development. Ultimately, this paper highlights the remarkable agency of young women during the pandemic, their compassion and empathy for others, their learnings and reflections, and how this period of radical social disruption impacted their future imaginings for themselves. In so doing, our analysis raises important questions for youth-focused pandemic educational, social and employment policies, calling for more intersectional approaches that consider how COVID-19 is continuing to significantly and unevenly shape the identity development and life trajectories of young women.KEYWORDS: Intersectionalityyoung womenpandemichomeworkeducationfutures AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to our participants for sharing their pandemic experiences with us, and to those who kindly supported our connections with these young women (i.e., teachers). The authors also wish to thank the reviewers for their highly constructive feedback on an earlier version of this article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingProfessor Thorpe acknowledges the support of a Royal Society James Cook Fellowship (JCF-UOW2101).Notes on contributorsHolly ThorpeHolly Thorpe is a Professor of Gender and Sport in Te Huataki Waiora School of Health at the University of Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand. She is a feminist sociologist with a focus on the entanglements of bodies, movement, culture, power, theory and method.Nida AhmadNida Ahmad is an independent researcher based in Colorado, USA. Her doctoral research focused on the digital lives of Muslim sportswomen and how they use social media to represent aspects of their identities.Mihi NemaniMihi Nemani is a Senior Lecturer at Manukau Institute of Technology and the University of Waikato. Her Indigenous Feminist perspectives as a Samoan-Māori woman provide nuanced insider views in practice as a researcher and within Pasifika and Māori communities in Aotearoa-New Zealand.Grace O'LearyGrace O'Leary is a feminist geographer and sociologist. Her research interests include social theory, deviance, gender, subjectivities, and bodies within sport and leisure spaces.
{"title":"‘No rest from the mess’: an intersectional analysis of young women’s pandemic lives in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Holly Thorpe, Nida Ahmad, Mihi Nemani, Grace O'Leary","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2023.2268818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2023.2268818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the everyday lives of young women living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Engaging a feminist intersectional and youth studies approach and drawing upon interviews and focus groups with 45 young women (16–25 years) from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, we reveal how culture, ethnicity, socio-economic and living conditions impacted the gendered and emotional labor expected of young women (i.e. caring for younger siblings, vulnerable family members, various chores, part-time work), and how the practices of care for others impacted young women’s capacity for their own educational, social and career development. Ultimately, this paper highlights the remarkable agency of young women during the pandemic, their compassion and empathy for others, their learnings and reflections, and how this period of radical social disruption impacted their future imaginings for themselves. In so doing, our analysis raises important questions for youth-focused pandemic educational, social and employment policies, calling for more intersectional approaches that consider how COVID-19 is continuing to significantly and unevenly shape the identity development and life trajectories of young women.KEYWORDS: Intersectionalityyoung womenpandemichomeworkeducationfutures AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to our participants for sharing their pandemic experiences with us, and to those who kindly supported our connections with these young women (i.e., teachers). The authors also wish to thank the reviewers for their highly constructive feedback on an earlier version of this article.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingProfessor Thorpe acknowledges the support of a Royal Society James Cook Fellowship (JCF-UOW2101).Notes on contributorsHolly ThorpeHolly Thorpe is a Professor of Gender and Sport in Te Huataki Waiora School of Health at the University of Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand. She is a feminist sociologist with a focus on the entanglements of bodies, movement, culture, power, theory and method.Nida AhmadNida Ahmad is an independent researcher based in Colorado, USA. Her doctoral research focused on the digital lives of Muslim sportswomen and how they use social media to represent aspects of their identities.Mihi NemaniMihi Nemani is a Senior Lecturer at Manukau Institute of Technology and the University of Waikato. Her Indigenous Feminist perspectives as a Samoan-Māori woman provide nuanced insider views in practice as a researcher and within Pasifika and Māori communities in Aotearoa-New Zealand.Grace O'LearyGrace O'Leary is a feminist geographer and sociologist. Her research interests include social theory, deviance, gender, subjectivities, and bodies within sport and leisure spaces.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2023.2265044
Hind Elhinnawy, Morag Kennedy, Silvia Gomes
This article provides insights into the ways flexible, hybrid and work-from-home arrangements have impacted women during COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK. Based on 10 in-depth interviews with women living and working in the East Midlands, England, who turned to work from home during COVID lockdowns, this study found that despite heightened care needs and the additional burdens women faced during the pandemic, one silver lining was that flexible and hybrid work has positively impacted some. All women spoke about how the pandemic and associated restrictions have altered their conceptualisation of space both positively and negatively. Life during the pandemic gave participants extra care needs and added burdens, but it also gave them more space to be with family and to manage their lives more effectively. This sense of increased space for social and family bonding and life and time management was reduced (again) after the pandemic due to the difficulties women had to bear in balancing the demands of work and family obligations. This article contributes to the studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on women’s work-life-balance (WLB) and work-family-balance (WFB),demonstrating the need to think of innovative ways to support women’s flexible work in the long term.
{"title":"From public to private: the gendered impact of COVID-19 pandemic on work-life balance and work-family balance","authors":"Hind Elhinnawy, Morag Kennedy, Silvia Gomes","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2023.2265044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2023.2265044","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides insights into the ways flexible, hybrid and work-from-home arrangements have impacted women during COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK. Based on 10 in-depth interviews with women living and working in the East Midlands, England, who turned to work from home during COVID lockdowns, this study found that despite heightened care needs and the additional burdens women faced during the pandemic, one silver lining was that flexible and hybrid work has positively impacted some. All women spoke about how the pandemic and associated restrictions have altered their conceptualisation of space both positively and negatively. Life during the pandemic gave participants extra care needs and added burdens, but it also gave them more space to be with family and to manage their lives more effectively. This sense of increased space for social and family bonding and life and time management was reduced (again) after the pandemic due to the difficulties women had to bear in balancing the demands of work and family obligations. This article contributes to the studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on women’s work-life-balance (WLB) and work-family-balance (WFB),demonstrating the need to think of innovative ways to support women’s flexible work in the long term.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2023.2252159
Stacey Hokke, Shannon K. Bennetts, Jasmine Love, Liana Leach, Sharinne B. Crawford, Amanda R. Cooklin
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically disrupted the lives of working parents, yet there are limited longitudinal data examining the impact on parents’ work-family conflict. This study aimed to (i) describe parents’ work-to-family conflict (WtFC) and family-to-work conflict (FtWC) before and during the pandemic, including change and stability over time, and (ii) identify which parents were at risk of adverse conflict transitions. Survey data were collected from a national cohort of Australian parents in 2016 and 2020 (n = 1196). WtFC and FtWC levels were examined at both timepoints, and conflict transitions between timepoints were classified as never, conscript, escape and chronic. Findings show that WtFC and FtWC levels eased overall, yet there was significant individual variation in parents’ conflict transitions with some conscripting into high WtFC (12%) or FtWC (12%) and many reporting chronically high WtFC (45%) or FtWC (29%). Logistic regressions examined the predictors of conscript and chronic transitions, with gender (women), socio-economic (financial difficulties), care (single parent, younger children) and job (self-employment, long work hours, working from home) inequalities continuing to shape poorer experiences at the work-family interface during COVID-19. This study contributes evidence on how work-family conflict changed for Australian parents from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"What happened to parents’ work-family conflict from before to during COVID-19? Findings from a longitudinal Australian study","authors":"Stacey Hokke, Shannon K. Bennetts, Jasmine Love, Liana Leach, Sharinne B. Crawford, Amanda R. Cooklin","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2023.2252159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2023.2252159","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically disrupted the lives of working parents, yet there are limited longitudinal data examining the impact on parents’ work-family conflict. This study aimed to (i) describe parents’ work-to-family conflict (WtFC) and family-to-work conflict (FtWC) before and during the pandemic, including change and stability over time, and (ii) identify which parents were at risk of adverse conflict transitions. Survey data were collected from a national cohort of Australian parents in 2016 and 2020 (n = 1196). WtFC and FtWC levels were examined at both timepoints, and conflict transitions between timepoints were classified as never, conscript, escape and chronic. Findings show that WtFC and FtWC levels eased overall, yet there was significant individual variation in parents’ conflict transitions with some conscripting into high WtFC (12%) or FtWC (12%) and many reporting chronically high WtFC (45%) or FtWC (29%). Logistic regressions examined the predictors of conscript and chronic transitions, with gender (women), socio-economic (financial difficulties), care (single parent, younger children) and job (self-employment, long work hours, working from home) inequalities continuing to shape poorer experiences at the work-family interface during COVID-19. This study contributes evidence on how work-family conflict changed for Australian parents from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-29DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2023.2168516
Ann P. Bartel, Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher J. Ruhm, Meredith Slopen, Jane Waldfogel
To study the impacts of New York’s 2018 Paid Family Leave (PFL) policy on employer outcomes, we designed and fielded a survey of small firms in New York and a control state, Pennsylvania, which does not have a PFL policy. We match each NY firm to a comparable PA firm and use difference-in-differences models to analyze within-match-pair changes in outcomes. Contrary to common concerns about the burdens of PFL on employers, we find no evidence that PFL had any adverse impacts on employer ratings of employee performance or their ease of handling long employee absences. Instead, we find suggestive evidence of an improvement in employers’ ratings of employee commitment and cooperation, concentrated in the first policy year. We also observe an increase in employers’ ratings of the ease of handling employee absences in the first policy year. Lastly, we find a rise in the incidence of employee leave-taking in the second policy year, driven by the smallest firms in our study.
{"title":"The impact of paid family leave on employers: evidence from New York","authors":"Ann P. Bartel, Maya Rossin-Slater, Christopher J. Ruhm, Meredith Slopen, Jane Waldfogel","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2023.2168516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2023.2168516","url":null,"abstract":"To study the impacts of New York’s 2018 Paid Family Leave (PFL) policy on employer outcomes, we designed and fielded a survey of small firms in New York and a control state, Pennsylvania, which does not have a PFL policy. We match each NY firm to a comparable PA firm and use difference-in-differences models to analyze within-match-pair changes in outcomes. Contrary to common concerns about the burdens of PFL on employers, we find no evidence that PFL had any adverse impacts on employer ratings of employee performance or their ease of handling long employee absences. Instead, we find suggestive evidence of an improvement in employers’ ratings of employee commitment and cooperation, concentrated in the first policy year. We also observe an increase in employers’ ratings of the ease of handling employee absences in the first policy year. Lastly, we find a rise in the incidence of employee leave-taking in the second policy year, driven by the smallest firms in our study.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135600635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2022.2124905
Aaron Leo, Elizabeth A. Holdsworth, K. Wilcox, Maria I. Khan, José Antonio Mola Ávila, Jessica Tobin
ABSTRACT There is a growing concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate impacts on women, especially those with children. Female educators, and, in particular, those with childcare responsibilities, have also reported higher levels of stress and work-life challenges as compared to their male counterparts. It is unclear exactly which factors are behind these disparities. However, while some have pointed to the gendered division of domestic labor as the main contributor, other pandemic-related and work-related stressors may be involved in female educators’ increased stress levels and work-life balance challenges. To address this question, this mixed-methods research draws on survey data gathered from 752 educators across New York State. Findings demonstrate that women reported higher levels of stress and work-life balance challenges than their male counterparts. While quantitative analyses indicated that gender disparities in work-life balance challenges were related to the higher stress women experienced from work and COVID-19 rather than childcare responsibilities, qualitative analyses of open-ended survey responses revealed that childcare duties were nonetheless an important factor impacting work-life balance challenges for both men and women. This article has significant implications for the teaching profession and adds broader insights into the gendered effects of the pandemic.
{"title":"Gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study of teacher stress and work-life balance","authors":"Aaron Leo, Elizabeth A. Holdsworth, K. Wilcox, Maria I. Khan, José Antonio Mola Ávila, Jessica Tobin","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2022.2124905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2124905","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a growing concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate impacts on women, especially those with children. Female educators, and, in particular, those with childcare responsibilities, have also reported higher levels of stress and work-life challenges as compared to their male counterparts. It is unclear exactly which factors are behind these disparities. However, while some have pointed to the gendered division of domestic labor as the main contributor, other pandemic-related and work-related stressors may be involved in female educators’ increased stress levels and work-life balance challenges. To address this question, this mixed-methods research draws on survey data gathered from 752 educators across New York State. Findings demonstrate that women reported higher levels of stress and work-life balance challenges than their male counterparts. While quantitative analyses indicated that gender disparities in work-life balance challenges were related to the higher stress women experienced from work and COVID-19 rather than childcare responsibilities, qualitative analyses of open-ended survey responses revealed that childcare duties were nonetheless an important factor impacting work-life balance challenges for both men and women. This article has significant implications for the teaching profession and adds broader insights into the gendered effects of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"118 1","pages":"682 - 703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79537177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2022.2099248
Tjorven Sievers
ABSTRACT Assuming that policy design can impact gender equity in caretaking, this paper examines how expectant mothers and fathers understand and respond to specific parental leave policy elements when shaping their parenting practices. Taking Germany as a case study, this research draws on semi-structured interviews conducted between October 2019 and March 2020 with 18 couples, who were expecting their first child at the time of the interview. Germany’s parental leave policy has shifted substantially since 2007, most notably with the establishment of non-transferable parental leave months for fathers. Exploring the link between policy design at the macro-level and parental involvement at the micro-level, this paper focuses on how mothers and fathers make sense of their leave entitlements when dividing leave, which (policy) aspects they consider as helping or hindering an equal leave division and how mothers and fathers anticipate using parental leave benefits. Results indicate that the current parental leave policy design enables greater equity in caretaking by normalizing some leave-taking by fathers. However, by providing an option for fathers’ leaves to be split and to be taken concurrently with mothers the policy limits fathers’ solo parenting responsibility and consequently prevents a transformation of gendered parenting practices.
{"title":"Enabled but not transformed – narratives on parental involvement among first-time mothers and fathers in Germany in the context of parental leave policy design","authors":"Tjorven Sievers","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2022.2099248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2099248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assuming that policy design can impact gender equity in caretaking, this paper examines how expectant mothers and fathers understand and respond to specific parental leave policy elements when shaping their parenting practices. Taking Germany as a case study, this research draws on semi-structured interviews conducted between October 2019 and March 2020 with 18 couples, who were expecting their first child at the time of the interview. Germany’s parental leave policy has shifted substantially since 2007, most notably with the establishment of non-transferable parental leave months for fathers. Exploring the link between policy design at the macro-level and parental involvement at the micro-level, this paper focuses on how mothers and fathers make sense of their leave entitlements when dividing leave, which (policy) aspects they consider as helping or hindering an equal leave division and how mothers and fathers anticipate using parental leave benefits. Results indicate that the current parental leave policy design enables greater equity in caretaking by normalizing some leave-taking by fathers. However, by providing an option for fathers’ leaves to be split and to be taken concurrently with mothers the policy limits fathers’ solo parenting responsibility and consequently prevents a transformation of gendered parenting practices.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"42 1","pages":"356 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83262839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2022.2095895
Francesca Zanasi, Inge Sieben
ABSTRACT
Grandparents are actively involved in grandchildren's lives, but there is little research concerning socio-economic differences in the content of the relationship. This study explores the socio-economic gradient in childcare provided by grandparents, touching on the intensity of care, the activities performed with grandchildren and the motives driving this involvement, by grandparents’ gender. We explore two dimensions of socio-economic status, education and family income, pertaining to different dimensions of grandparents’ and grandchildren's relationship: child development versus parental childcare needs. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA 2016–2017, 2018–2019), logistic regression models show that intensive care is more common for grandfathers in the lowest income tercile. A high income decreases involvement in physical care activities (i.e. preparing meals); instead, the involvement is driven by motives to help children financially. Higher education is a good predictor of support with homework, driven by motives to ‘help grandchildren develop as people’. Even though grandfathers show an involvement in grandchildren's upbringing, highly-educated grandmothers remain the most inclined to offer support. Overall, the study suggests that grandparents’ involvement in grandchildren's lives could be among the mechanisms structuring the intergenerational transmission of inequality.
{"title":"Income and educational differences in grandparental childcare: evidence from English grandmothers and grandfathers","authors":"Francesca Zanasi, Inge Sieben","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2022.2095895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2095895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p>Grandparents are actively involved in grandchildren's lives, but there is little research concerning socio-economic differences in the content of the relationship. This study explores the socio-economic gradient in childcare provided by grandparents, touching on the intensity of care, the activities performed with grandchildren and the motives driving this involvement, by grandparents’ gender. We explore two dimensions of socio-economic status, education and family income, pertaining to different dimensions of grandparents’ and grandchildren's relationship: child development versus parental childcare needs. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA 2016–2017, 2018–2019), logistic regression models show that intensive care is more common for grandfathers in the lowest income tercile. A high income decreases involvement in physical care activities (i.e. preparing meals); instead, the involvement is driven by motives to help children financially. Higher education is a good predictor of support with homework, driven by motives to ‘help grandchildren develop as people’. Even though grandfathers show an involvement in grandchildren's upbringing, highly-educated grandmothers remain the most inclined to offer support. Overall, the study suggests that grandparents’ involvement in grandchildren's lives could be among the mechanisms structuring the intergenerational transmission of inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"463 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-11DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2022.2086036
Jonas Wood
ABSTRACT
The materialization of positive effects connected to formal childcare uptake for parents and children – particularly those with vulnerable backgrounds – critically depends on attitudes towards uptake among different population subgroups, such as immigrants, or their descendants. However, such population heterogeneity has hitherto been insufficiently acknowledged. As a result, this study uses 24 in-depth interviews to uncover varying maternal employment and childcare ideals, presenting a typology for Muslim Descendants of Moroccan Immigrants in Flanders. I demonstrate that the previously identified Flemish ideal of the ‘surrogate mother’ does not apply to mothers on the intersection of being a worker, having a second generation Moroccan migration background, and being Muslim. Furthermore, highlighting heterogeneity within this group, empirical support is provided for five different positions with respect to maternal employment and childcare ideals. Hence this study contributes to the available literature on childcare ideals by focusing on a subgroup of particular importance, second generation Muslim Moroccan immigrants, and indicating considerable variation in motherhood and childcare ideals even within this subgroup. In addition to the theoretical contribution of the typology, the article also provides essential input to policy makers on particular care ideals and related needs.
{"title":"Childcare ideals among second generation Muslim Moroccan immigrants in Flanders","authors":"Jonas Wood","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2022.2086036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2086036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b><b>ABSTRACT</b></b></p><p>The materialization of positive effects connected to formal childcare uptake for parents and children – particularly those with vulnerable backgrounds – critically depends on attitudes towards uptake among different population subgroups, such as immigrants, or their descendants. However, such population heterogeneity has hitherto been insufficiently acknowledged. As a result, this study uses 24 in-depth interviews to uncover varying maternal employment and childcare ideals, presenting a typology for Muslim Descendants of Moroccan Immigrants in Flanders. I demonstrate that the previously identified Flemish ideal of the ‘surrogate mother’ does not apply to mothers on the intersection of being a worker, having a second generation Moroccan migration background, and being Muslim. Furthermore, highlighting heterogeneity within this group, empirical support is provided for five different positions with respect to maternal employment and childcare ideals. Hence this study contributes to the available literature on childcare ideals by focusing on a subgroup of particular importance, second generation Muslim Moroccan immigrants, and indicating considerable variation in motherhood and childcare ideals even within this subgroup. In addition to the theoretical contribution of the typology, the article also provides essential input to policy makers on particular care ideals and related needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"203 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2022.2081066
M. Despard, Selina Miller, Katie Kristensen, Amanda Utevsky
ABSTRACT Economic disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic left many households without the income necessary to meet basic needs. We describe an innovative, community-based partnership between a financial services company, philanthropic funders, and employers to provide financial assistance to hotel workers in New Orleans who lost jobs and income due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from a survey of 1,056 hotel workers show that workers experienced lower food insecurity and difficulty paying bills in the month after receiving assistance, while transaction data from the VISA gift cards used to disburse assistance showed that workers mostly used assistance on necessities. We discuss implications for employers who want to offer emergency assistance fund programs and for public policy changes to better support low-wage workers, especially those with children.
{"title":"Timely and well-targeted financial help during COVID-19: an employer-community partnership for hotel workers in New Orleans","authors":"M. Despard, Selina Miller, Katie Kristensen, Amanda Utevsky","doi":"10.1080/13668803.2022.2081066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2081066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Economic disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic left many households without the income necessary to meet basic needs. We describe an innovative, community-based partnership between a financial services company, philanthropic funders, and employers to provide financial assistance to hotel workers in New Orleans who lost jobs and income due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from a survey of 1,056 hotel workers show that workers experienced lower food insecurity and difficulty paying bills in the month after receiving assistance, while transaction data from the VISA gift cards used to disburse assistance showed that workers mostly used assistance on necessities. We discuss implications for employers who want to offer emergency assistance fund programs and for public policy changes to better support low-wage workers, especially those with children.","PeriodicalId":47218,"journal":{"name":"Community Work & Family","volume":"48 1","pages":"373 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84855269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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