Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of dental caries throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) between 2011 and 2023 as a follow-up to a previously published review in 2013 by Khan et al. and aimed to provide an update on the current status of caries prevalence in the KSA. A literature search was conducted, and thirty-three articles were included in the final analysis. To determine the prevalence of caries in primary teeth, the 2- to 12-year-old Saudi population was included in the search, and an age range of 6–18 years was used for permanent teeth. The prevalence of caries in the primary and permanent dentition was analyzed separately. As the included studies for the primary and permanent teeth had insignificant heterogeneity, fixed-effect models and forest plots were used to evaluate caries prevalence in both dentitions. In the primary dentition, the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) index was 4.14 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 3.11–5.18), with an average prevalence of 75.43 %. For the permanent teeth, the mean DMFT (uppercase used for permanent dentition) was 1.28 (95 % CI: 0.93–1.64), with an average prevalence of 67.7 %. The average dmft/DMFT scores decreased in both primary and permanent teeth compared to the previous meta-analysis by Khan et al., suggesting a beneficial effect of preventative measures on caries prevalence. Continuing these measures is necessary to maintain the downward trend of caries prevalence in the KSA.

Maxillary skeletal expansion is considered a challenging treatment modality in adult ages. Mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) is considered a pioneer in providing a solution for maxillary deficiency in adults away from any surgical interventions. If we consider patient cooperation and motivation, together with operator skills, as constant factors during MARPE, and exclude all hygiene and soft tissue complications that jeopardise the appliance's stability, there is a percentage of expansion failure recorded in different studies with no emphasis on what makes mid-facial diastema appear in some, rather than others. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, were searched for literature published in English till 2023. Failure was related in some literature to different criteria, as of yet, no verifiable indicators would allow us to determine success or failure in advance. This review highlighted the most common reasons for failure discussed in different literature: Chronological Age, Mid-palatal suture maturation, Bone density, Sex, Race, Appliance design, and Expansion technique used. This study could be considered an attempt to make candidate selection for non-surgical maxillary skeletal expansion at this old age easier, time-saving, and cost less.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chewing gum and using bite wafers in reducing pain after the placement of separators in orthodontic patients and to compare that efficiency with ibuprofen use. Additionally, this study evaluated the effect of non-pharmacological pain control methods on the frequency of separators falling out.

Methods

The study sample comprised 105 female patients between 15 and 35 years of age. The patients were randomly selected and classified into three groups (35 each). Each group was given either ibuprofen, viscoelastic bite wafers, or chewing gum immediately after the placement of separators and every 8 h for 1 week, as needed. The patients were asked to record their pain perception using a visual analog scale following separator placement at 2 h, 6 h, bedtime, 24 h, and at 2, 3, and 7 days. Analysis of variance testing was used for the data analysis.

Results

Among the three studied groups, there were no significant differences in pain perception at any time point. The patients experienced significantly higher pain scores at bedtime and 24 h after separator placement. In addition, there were statistically significant findings in pain perception at different time points within each pain relief method (p = 0.000, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of chewing gum and bite wafers in alleviating orthodontic pain was beneficial and comparable to ibuprofen use following the placement of separators before orthodontic treatment among orthodontic patients.

Background

Finding a new natural scaffold is challenging due to crucial impact on long-term treatment outcomes in pulp capping. In this context, nano hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a potential candidate having similar properties to bone tissue in the body. The compound is often synthesized with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) which offers anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Therefore, this study aims to contribute novel insights into the development of effective pulp capping materials by determining the viscosity ratio of the combination of nano-HA and EGCG applied to the cavity according to standard pulp capping material, as well as proving the antibacterial effect against Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Methods

The combination of nano-HA – EGCG is divided into three treatment groups, (G1) 1:1 ratio, (G2) 1:1.5 ratio, (G3) 1:2 ratio, as well as control group G4 (Ca(OH)₂ and aquadest) with a ratio of 1:1. Meanwhile, each group is tested for viscosity using a Brookfield viscometer. The well diffusion method is used to determine the antibacterial activity by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone for each treatment, with C1 (Ca(OH)₂ and aquadest) as control group at a ratio of 1:1, and three treatment groups (nano-HA – EGCG), (C2) 0.5:1 ratio, (C3) 1:1 ratio, and (C4) 2:1 ratio.

Results

The results show that there is a difference in the viscosity of each group with G3 having a viscosity of 12.0183 cP, which is closest to control. Furthermore, significant differences are also reported in antibacterial activity between control and treatment groups.

Conclusion

The ratio of 1:2 (G3) has a viscosity that closely matches the standard of pulp capping materials. The combinations of nano-HA and EGCG are proven to have antibacterial power against Lactobacillus acidophilus.

This study aimed to assess the impact of prosthetic treatment on the quality of life of partially/completely edentulous patients through the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scale. This pre-post observational study was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, between November 2022 and September 2023. Eligible participants were those aged between 26 and 80, in need of prosthetic treatment, and able to complete the questionnaire voluntarily. The questionnaire presented to the patients had two sections; the first included demographic and dentures-related variables, and the second included the OHIP-14 questionnaire. Differences in overall OHIP-14 scores after treatment about demographic and prosthesis-related factors were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test/Kruskal Wallis test with a significance level of 0.05. Out of 108 participants, 65 were males, and 43 were females with an average age of 52 years with different prosthetic treatments (13.9 % fixed prostheses, 43.5 % removable partial, and 42.6 % complete dentures). 59.3 % brushed their teeth twice or more daily, and only 36.1 % checked them regularly. Comparison between the OHIP-14 items before and after treatment revealed that subjects exhibited improvement in all the domains. OHIP-14 scores did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender, and education after treatment. OHIP-14 score was considerably higher for patients with medical conditions (P = 0.007) and among complete denture wearers compared to patients with fixed prostheses (P = 0.025). Prosthetic treatment positively impacts oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), which improved after treatment, particularly in the social domain. There was an association between patients’ medical condition, prosthesis type, and OHIP-14 score.

Globally, oral infections and inflammatory lesions persist as substantial public health concerns, necessitating the introduction of novel oral treatment protocols. Oral diseases are linked to various causative factors, with dental plaque/biofilm resulting from inadequate hygiene practices playing a predominant role. The strategic implementation of novel topical therapies holds promise for effectively controlling the biofilms, addressing oral infections and promoting enhanced oral wound healing. This review aims to providing a comprehensive overview of the available evidence pertaining to the potential efficacy of topical oxygen and lactoferrin-releasing biomaterials, exemplified by the blue®m formula, as novel oral care interventions within the scope of contemporary implantology, oral surgery and periodontology.

Objectives

To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles to improve the shear bond strength of labial veneer restorations in dentistry.

Materials and Methods

A sample size of 50 extracted teeth was divided into five groups, with each group containing ten teeth (n = 10) subject to different treatment protocols. Group 1the control group, underwent conventional surface treatment for labial veneer restorations, including the application of phosphoric acid etchant and bonding protocols. Groups 2 and 3 underwent micro-abrasion using aluminum oxide particles alone for durations of 30 and 45 s, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 experienced a combined approach of micro-abrasion for 30 and 45 s, respectively, followed by conventional surface treatment. The shear bond strength test was performed on each specimen. The resulting modes of failure and surface characteristics were then examined under a digital microscope.The data was analyzed statistically using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc test.

Results

Significant differences were observed in shear bond strength among the five groups (p < 0.05). The group that underwent conventional + 45-second micro-abrasion treatment exhibited the highest mean shear bond strength (25.69 MPa), while the conventional (controlled) group had the lowest (9.01 MPa).

Conclusion

Fusing sandblasting and aluminum oxide particles could improve the bond strength of labial veneer restorations. Yet, more research is needed to refine this technique for practical application. This includes a broad array of cement types, particle sizes, and clinical situations to ensure the long-term success of veneer restorations.

Background

The association between sleeve gastrectomy and halitosis remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on halitosis and the oral bacterial species associated with halitosis in patients with obesity.

Methods

This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that examined patients before and after sleeve gastrectomy and followed the patients at three time intervals (1, 3, and 6 months) after sleeve gastrectomy. Clinical periodontal measurements (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) were obtained. In addition, plaque samples were collected for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, breath samples were collected to analyze the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), namely hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), via portable gas chromatography (Oral Chroma™).

Results

Of the 43 patients initially included, 39 completed the study, with a mean age of 32.2 ± 10.4 years. For PI and GI repeated measurements one way analysis of variance showed a significant increase (p-value < 0.001 for both) one month after surgery, with mean values of 1.3 and 1.59, respectively, compared to the baseline. During the same period, the number of P. gingivalis increased, with a p-value = 0.04. Similarly, the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) increased significantly in the first month after surgery (p-value = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that sleeve gastrectomy may lead to increased halitosis one month post-surgery, attributed to elevated and P. gingivalis counts, contributing to the development of gingivitis in obese patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. This emphasizes the importance of including oral health professionals in the multidisciplinary team for the management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Background

Comparative studies of interim veneer restorations crafted using subtractive computer-aided manufacturing (s-CAM) milling technology and traditional direct hand-made approaches are needed.

Purpose

This comparative in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of two types of provisional veneer restorations for maxillary central incisors: milled (s-CAM) and traditional direct hand-made bis-acryl veneers.

Materials and methods

Fifty maxillary right central incisor veneers (25 specimens per group) were fabricated and divided according to the fabrication method: (1) s-CAM milled (Structure CAD, VOCO Dental); and (2) hand-made (Protemp Plus, 3M). The restorations were cemented onto 3D-printed resin dies using temporary cement and subjected to 1000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5° and 55 °C. These restorations subsequently were subjected to compressive loading until fracture occurred. Images of the fractured samples were captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

Significant differences (p < 0.001) in the fracture resistance were observed between the two groups. s-CAM milled interim veneers displayed higher fracture resistance values (439.60 ± 26 N) compared to the traditional method (149.15 ± 10 N).

Conclusion

The manufacturing method significantly influences the fracture resistance of interim veneer restorations. s-CAM interim laminate veneer restorations for maxillary central incisors exhibit a fracture resistance superior to that of the traditional method using bis-acryl.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should consider CAD/CAM milled veneers for scenarios demanding long-term interim restoration and the withstanding of high occlusal forces.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the additive manufacturing (AM) of cobalt chromium Co-Cr and titanium Ti alloy clasps for clinical use. After scanning the Ni-Cr die of the first molar, Akers' clasps were designed using computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The clasps were manufactured from Co-Cr-W dental alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder using AM machines. Then, they were divided into two groups. The initial retentive force of the clasps was measured using a universal testing machine. Cyclic loading of the clasps was carried out by a specially designed insertion-removal testing apparatus in wet condition up to 5000 cycles. Retentive force was measured at 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 cycles. Moreover, the intaglio surface of each clasp was scanned using the scanner; and superimposition between the pre- and post-cycling clasp files was performed to evaluate deformation after cyclic loading. The fitting surfaces of retentive clasp tips were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, it has been found that the initial retentive force for the Co-Cr group was 10.81 ± 0.37 N, and for the Ti group was 5.41 ± 0.18 N. Additionally, during the testing periods, both Co-Cr and Ti clasps continued to lose retentive force within the cycles of placement and removal. This effect was more prominent in the Co-Cr than in the Ti clasps. The distances between pre- and post-cycling in the retentive arm were −0.290 ± 0.11 mm and −0.004 ± 0.01 mm in Co-Cr and Ti alloys, respectively, and in the reciprocal arm were −0.072 ± 0.04 mm and −0.032 ± 0.04 mm in Co-Cr and Ti alloys, respectively. The retentive force required to remove the Ti clasps was found to be significantly lower than those required to dislodge the Co-Cr clasps. Co-Cr and Ti clasps lost significant amounts of retentive force from the initial use to the 3.5-year periods of simulated clinical use.