Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

Background

Conventional techniques used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction focus mainly on utilizing autologous tissues that have unquestionably improved function and esthetics for many patients, worldwide. However, the success depends on countless factors such as: donor and recipient sites conditions, patient’s medical history, surgeon’s experience, restricted availability of high-quality autogenous tissues or stem cells, and increased surgical cost and time.

Materials and Methods

Lately, teaming researchers, scientists, surgeons, and engineers, to address these limitations, have allowed tremendous progress in recombinant protein therapy, cell-based therapy, and gene therapy.

Results

Over the past few years, biomedical engineering has been evolving from the laboratory to clinical applications, for replacement of damaged body tissues due to trauma, cancer, congenital or acquired disorders.

Conclusions

This review provides an outlook on the content, benefits, recent advances, limitations, and future expectations of biomedical engineering for salivary glands, oral mucosa, dental structures, and maxillofacial reconstruction.

Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) is an essential step in forensic investigations, particularly those involving homicides and unwitnessed deaths. However, traditional methods occasionally yield inconsistent estimates. Histological and molecular techniques are considered crucial in forensic pathology and are frequently employed to estimate the time interval of death. The gingiva is an oral mucosal tissue used to estimate PMI. This review aimed to examine the potential of histological methods to determine PMI using oral mucosal tissue, namely the gingiva, and to investigate changes that occur in oral mucosal tissue at different time intervals when compared with those in normal tissues. The oral mucosa comprises layers of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. Similar to other body tissues, changes are known to occur in the gingiva after death, and these cellular and tissue changes should also be considered. Alterations in the gingiva include homogenisation, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, karyolysis, chromatin clumping, eosinophilia, collagen fibre degradation, and the loss of tissue architecture. Reviews collating the results of original trials have consistently reported how the oral mucosa is altered by autolysis and how such changes can be observed in histological tissue morphology after death. Histology is an acceptably accurate technique for estimating PMIs.

Background

Translucency and optical characteristics significantly affect the aesthetics of ceramic restorations. The introduction of new virgilite crystals to novel ceramic advanced lithium disilicate through a matrix firing process enhances the material’s strength and aesthetic quality according to the manufacturer.

Materials and Methods

Four types of CAD/CAM ceramics; lithium disilicate (LD), leucite reinforced (LR), advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) exposed to different staining solutions (tea, cola, coffee, and distilled water). Each ceramic type had 120 specimens, divided into subgroups based on thickness (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm). Color changes (ΔE00) and translucency parameters (TP00) were measured after thermocycling, and spectrophotometry was employed to evaluate ΔE00 and TP00 after 1, 7, and 30 days of exposure to the staining solutions.

Results

ZLS exhibited the lowest color stability, while lithium LD and ALD displayed the highest. Thickness significantly affected color stability, with 0.5 mm thickness showing the least change. The duration of exposure also impacted color changes, with 30 days causing the most significant shift. LD demonstrated the highest translucency. Coffee and tea induced more pronounced reductions in translucency and color stability compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Material structure, thickness, staining solution, and exposure duration significantly influenced the color stability and translucency of CAD/CAM ceramics, with LD and ALD demonstrating superior color stability and LD exhibiting the highest translucency.

The purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to present the available evidence on the effects of methamphetamine on mental and oral health, as well as provide an overview of the most widely used medical and dental care strategies in the management of meth mouth. For this purpose, PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched for relevant articles, yielding 115 search results, which were further scrutinized for their relevance, leaving 55 for a detailed review. The analysis of the gathered data indicates that a comprehensive patient-centered approach that takes into consideration the physical, mental, and social aspects is crucial for mitigating the detrimental effects of increasing methamphetamine use.

Purpose

This study aimed to perform a thorough failure analysis of two fractured narrow dental implants after medium-term in vivo use.

Materials and methods

The top parts of two fractured Narrow Dental Implant (NDI) fixtures were retrieved from two different locations at two different times from the same patient. The NDI-specimen-1 was 12-months in service while the NDI-specimen-2 was 17-months in service. In both cases, the top parts of the fractured NDI fixtures that were attached to prosthetic components were retrieved and subjected to thorough, non-destructive and destructive testing.

Results

Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that both the retrieved fractured NDIs failed because of fatigue, characterized by beach and ratchet marks. Macroscopic examination revealed that fatigue cracks initiated at the internal thread surfaces of the implants and propagated around them until final fracture. Both samples fractured near the end of the retaining screw and followed the root of the internal thread. Optical and SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution of irregularly shaped grains (diameter = 2 to 5 μm). X -ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the NDI-specimen-1 was made using Ti-14%Zr with a Vickers Hardens (HV) of 288 ± 5.

Conclusion

Since the fracture occurred by a fatigue; thus, an increase in fatigue resistance will be beneficial for the longevity of NDI.

Introduction

Post-processing (PP) is performed to improve the surface, which can favor microbial adhesion and consequent pathological manifestations that impair the indication of polylactic acid (PLA) obtained by fused filament fabrication (FFF) for biomedical applications. This aims to evaluate the influence of chemical, thermal, and mechanical PP on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutants and Candida albicans, roughness, and wettability of the PLA obtained by FFF with and without thermal aging.

Methods

The specimens were designed in the 3D modeling program and printed. The chemical PP was performed by immersion in chloroform, the thermal by the annealing method, and the mechanical by polishing. Thermal aging was performed by alternating the temperature from 5 °C to 55 °C with 5000 cycles. Colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) counting was performed on dual-species biofilm of C. albicans and S. mutans. Roughness was analyzed by rugosimeter and wettability by the sessile drop technique. Data were verified for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) applied for CFU and wettability, and Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05) for roughness.

Results

Chemical, thermal, and mechanical PP methods showed no influence on CFU/mL of C. albicans (p = 0.296) and S. mutans (p = 0.055). Thermal aging did not influence microbial adhesion. Chemical PP had lower roughness, which had increased after aging. Wettability of the mechanical PP was lower.

Conclusions

Post-processing techniques, do not present an influence on the adhesion of S. mutans and C. albicans in PLA obtained by FFF, chemical PP reduced roughness, and mechanical reduced wettability. Thermal aging did not alter the microbial adhesion and altered the roughness and wettability.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate dental esthetic screening index (DESI) Intraoral component scores among patients attending Qassim University dental clinics and the factors affecting these scores.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective study that included 150 participants aged 18 years or older with full upper and lower anterior dentitions. Standardized intraoral frontal photographs of the patients’ upper and lower dentitions were acquired from their dental records, and the mean rank DESI intraoral scores were evaluated and compared across the demographic and dental characteristics of the study patients.

The mean age of the patients sampled was 33.56; 57 % were female and 43 % were male. The mean DESI Intraoral score was 15.33. DESI scores were significantly higher in patients older than 35 years compared with subjects 35 years old or younger (p = 0.015). DESI scores were increased in patients who had anterior restorations compared with those who did not (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

This was the first study of its kind to use the DESI in a large clinical setting. According to the DESI, most patients attending Qassim University dental clinics had good dentofacial aesthetics. Age and the presence of anterior restorations negatively impacted patients' dentofacial aesthetics. Sex, the nature of the chief complaint, a history of orthodontic treatments, and teeth bleaching did not affect the DESI scores.

Introduction

Dental photography has increasingly been used in practice. One of the purposes of dental photography is for treatment evaluation. Notably, photo resolution affects a picture’s quality. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations are frequently used on pediatric teeth and must be evaluated periodically. In this digital era, digital photos can be used to evaluate restorations. The evaluation of restorations using FDI criteria is typically effective in clinical uses.

Objective

This study aims to compare differences in digital photo resolution and clinical results to evaluate GIC restoration in primary teeth.

Materials and methods

Forty mandibular primary first molars from 31 pediatric patients aged 4 to 9 years from Universitas Indonesia dental hospital were included in this study. All teeth were examined and clinically evaluated, and photos were taken using a DSLR camera with low resolution (8 MP), medium resolution (15 MP), and high resolution (32 MP). The photos were then evaluated. Clinical GIC restorations and digital photographs were evaluated using FDI criteria. All of the collected data were analyzed using a Pearson’s chi-square categorical comparative test with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Result

Based on the comparative test, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical groups with low resolution, medium resolution, and high resolution for evaluating GIC restorations in primary teeth.

Conclusion

Digital photography can be used to support the evaluation of restoration status. Digital photos can indicate the clinical state of GIC restorations. This study recommends using digital photos between low and medium resolution (8–15.3 MP) as media in dental practices to evaluate GIC restorations in primary teeth, comparable to smartphone cameras or pocket cameras.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the most cited articles on vital pulp therapies.

Methodology

Bibliographical data related to the abstract, citations, keywords, and other relevant information was extracted using different combinations of keywords. Further evaluation and visualization of the selected data were performed with the help of various tools, including MS Excel, Microsoft Word, Google open refine, BibExcel, and VOS viewer. An initial search revealed 91 documents, of which 40 were chosen for further analysis. We used the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Spearman correlation coefficient test, and our adopted significance level was p < 0.05.

Results

In total, the articles received 1,905 citations, with six of them receiving at least 100 citations. Among the top 40 articles, the United States of America (10 articles) and Ireland (6 articles) were the countries with the highest number of cited articles. The journals “Journal of Endodontics” (14 articles; 650 citations) and “International Endodontic Journal” (13 articles; 577 citations) published most of the articles among the 50 most cited ones. Duncan H. was the author with the highest number of works cited (11 articles; 339 citations). Of the articles, systematic reviews accounted for 32%, literature reviews for 14%, in vitro experimental studies for 12%, clinical trials for 8%. Among the biomaterials used in vital pulp therapies, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was discussed in 37 articles (74%), followed by calcium hydroxide, mentioned in 30 studies (60%). Interestingly, the publication year did not demonstrate a significant impact on citation count.

Conclusion

The present study provided a detailed list of the top 50 most cited and classic articles on vital pulp therapies. This will help researchers, students, and clinicians in the field of endodontics with an impressive source of information.

The deep margin elevation (DME) technique has gained popularity because of numerous supporting case reports. However, some clinicians are cautious regarding using this technique owing to the lack of clear case selection criteria for DME application. This review aimed to analyze case reports and a series of DME cases to determine pre-/post-operative evaluation methods that could be used to suggest a pre-operative case selection checklist for DME. An electronic database search was conducted in June 2021 and updated by June 2023 using selected terms from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Scopus. The search was limited to English-language publications and was not restricted to the date. The inclusion criteria were case reports/series addressing periodontal and restorative outcomes of DME. The search identified 217 articles, 76 of which were pertinent. However, only six case reports and one case series satisfied the inclusion criteria. None of the selected studies followed any reporting guidelines, which led to significant information gaps. While the reviewed studies reported favorable outcomes, standardized protocols for evaluating pre-/post-operative restorative and periodontal status were lacking. The post-operative follow-up period varied from 3 months to 6 years. Designing and implementing pre-/post-operative guidelines hold the potential for ensuring the safe application of the DME technique. This may enhance our understanding of the suitability and efficacy of such non-invasive technique in future clinical trials.

Clinical significance

Handling deep cavities and preparing crowns are challenging. However, a lack of understanding of when to perform DME can lead to missed opportunities for conservative treatment, thereby a disservice to the patient. Provision of safe guidelines should be employed by clinicians until further evidence either supports or contradicts this treatment method.