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Local community capacity building: exploring non-governmental organizations approaches in Tamil Nadu 地方社区能力建设:探索泰米尔纳德邦非政府组织的做法
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsad009
Sten Langmann, Pieter‐Jan Bezemer, D. Pick
Locally based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in community capacity building (CCB). Because these NGOs are generally located close to the affected communities, they have the local knowledge to identify problems and assist the affected communities to address them. However, the methods these local NGOs use to build capacity in the local communities and the reasons they choose certain CCB approaches are not well known. To enhance the knowledge in these areas, this study conducted semistructured interviews with local NGOs and local NGO experts in Tamil Nadu, India. It was found that local NGOs build capacity in communities using emotional empowerment; a process that involves providing communities with (i) a sense of care and hopefulness, (ii) spaces to voice their feelings and challenges, and (iii) support to transform their voices into community action. Local NGOs adopted this approach because they found that long-term disadvantaged communities had high affective barriers, such as discouraging personal outlooks and an acceptance of existing social structures, which prevented them from taking ownership of the situation. Theoretically, these insights contribute to CCB literature by drawing attention to the community’s psychological processes and emotional empowerment characteristics. They also add to wider poverty debates by highlighting the affective community barriers that perpetuate existing inequalities.
地方非政府组织在社区能力建设中发挥着重要作用。由于这些非政府组织通常位于受影响社区附近,他们有当地的知识,可以发现问题并帮助受影响社区解决问题。然而,这些地方非政府组织在当地社区进行能力建设的方法以及他们选择某些CCB方式的原因并不为人所知。为了提高对这些领域的认识,本研究对印度泰米尔纳德邦的当地非政府组织和当地非政府组织专家进行了半结构化访谈。研究发现,当地非政府组织利用情感赋权在社区中进行能力建设;这个过程包括为社区提供(i)关怀和希望感,(ii)表达他们的感受和挑战的空间,以及(iii)支持将他们的声音转化为社区行动。当地非政府组织之所以采用这种方法,是因为他们发现长期处于不利地位的社区存在很高的情感障碍,例如不鼓励个人前景和接受现有的社会结构,这使他们无法承担责任。从理论上讲,这些见解通过引起对社区心理过程和情感授权特征的关注,有助于CCB文献。它们还突出了使现有不平等现象永久化的有效社区障碍,从而加剧了更广泛的关于贫困的辩论。
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引用次数: 1
SOSIALISASI TERHADAP STATUS KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH DAN BANGUNAN PASCA GEMPA DI DESA NAGRAK KABUPATEN CIANJUR 在CIANJUR地区的NAGRAK村地震后土地所有权和建筑的公民权社会化
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.31004/cdj.v4i2.14494
Armansyah Armansyah, Endah Pertiwi, Ujang Badru Jaman, Meutia Riany
Permasalahan atas tanah merupakan sesuatu hal yang cukup rumit dan sensitif, karena menyangkut berbagai aspek kehidupan hingga terkait stabilitas dan kesejahteraan di masyarakat. Negara kemudian mengatur berbagai kebijakan pertanahan bagi rakyat agar dapat dinikmati bersama-sama, sebab tanah bersifat sosial. Permasalahan di bidang pertanahan di Indonesia disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satu faktor penyebab itu adalah gempa bumi. Pasca Gempa bumi yang terjadi di desa nagrak dan sekitarnya telah membawa permasalahan baru terhadap jaminan kepastian hukum status hak milik atas tanah dan bagunan akibat gempa bumi didaerah itu. Dan juga peran pemerintah dalam mempersiapkan kawasan khusus bagi masyarakat yang tempat tinggalnya rusak berat ataupun kawasannya berada pada zona merah. Tujuan dilaksanakanya sosialisasi ini adalah untuk mengedukasi serta memberikan pemahaman kepada masayarakat tentang pentingnya status kepemilikan hak atas tanah dan bangunan pasca gempa bumi di desa Nagrak kabupaten Cianjur. Metode sosialisasi yang digunakan dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah ceramah dan diskusi tentang status kepemilikan hak atas tanah dan bangunan pasca relokasi. Pengabdian masyarakat ini di harapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam menentukan penanganan yang tepat dan adil terhadap hak-hak masayarakat yang kurang mengerti akan hak dan kewajibanya dalam mendapatkan ganti rugi atas rusaknya bangunan yang berada diatas tanah.
土地问题是一个相当复杂和敏感的问题,因为它涉及到生活的各个方面,涉及到社会的稳定和繁荣。然后国家为人民制定土地政策,使他们能够共享土地,因为土地是社会的。印度尼西亚的土地问题是由几个因素造成的,其中一个因素是地震。在纳格拉克村及其周边地区发生地震后,由于该地区的地震,土地和房屋的合法地位受到了新的挑战。以及政府在为社区建立专区和红区方面的作用。这种社会化的目的是教育和教育人民,让他们了解地震后纳格拉克省省的土地和建筑的重要性。在实现这一目标时使用的社会化方法是关于土地所有权和搬迁后建设状况的讲座和讨论。这种社区奉献被期望有助于确定对不了解其在地面破坏建筑权利方面的权利和义务的公正和公正的处理。
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引用次数: 0
The political economy of destructing essential Services in the Quest for basic services: the case of violent protest in Cato Manor 为寻求基本服务而破坏基本服务的政治经济学:以卡托庄园的暴力抗议为例
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsad007
N. E. Yende
Protesting in post-apartheid South Africa is perceived as one of the significant democratic methods of participation and engagement with the government and its executive. As a result, since the early 2000s, community-led participation has been preferred over government-led forms of participatory methods, including mayoral forums and izimbizo (interactive dialogues between government officials and the people). However, the community-invented spaces of participation in the form of protests have been accompanied by violent tactics that have severely impacted infrastructure. The violent tactics used during protests related to service delivery have been more conspicuous in the local sphere of government, especially in places composed of informal settlements. Hence, Cato Manor has not been immune to this but continues to experience violence during service delivery protests, which causes damage to assets. This article explores the destruction of infrastructure in the quest for basic services in Cato Manor. A qualitative research design was adopted to guide the study, together with the displaced-aggression theory, as a theoretical lens to interpret the findings. The study used a purposive and snowball sampling method to recruit thirty-three participants. Thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo was adopted for data analysis purposes. Thus, the study’s findings illustrate that the damage to essential services in the quest for basic services emanates from the frustration of the local people due to the government’s inability to address the prevailing socioeconomic issues. The destruction of key infrastructure occurs when the primary cause of the frustration is not within the reach of the people.
在后种族隔离时代的南非,抗议被认为是与政府及其行政部门进行参与和接触的重要民主方式之一。因此,自21世纪初以来,社区主导的参与比政府主导的参与方式更受欢迎,包括市长论坛和izimbizo(政府官员与人民之间的互动对话)。然而,社区以抗议形式创造的参与空间伴随着暴力手段,严重影响了基础设施。在与提供服务有关的抗议活动中使用的暴力策略在地方政府领域更为明显,特别是在由非正式住区组成的地方。因此,卡托庄园也未能幸免,但在抗议提供服务期间继续遭受暴力,造成资产损失。本文探讨了在卡托庄园寻求基本服务时对基础设施的破坏。本研究采用质性研究设计,并以置换攻击理论作为理论视角来解释研究结果。这项研究采用了有目的的滚雪球抽样方法,招募了33名参与者。数据分析采用NVivo提供的专题分析。因此,研究结果表明,在寻求基本服务的过程中,对基本服务的破坏源于当地人民对政府无力解决当前社会经济问题的失望。当造成挫折的主要原因不在人民的控制范围内时,关键基础设施就会遭到破坏。
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引用次数: 1
Learning to work in certain ways: bureaucratic literacies and community-based volunteering in the Philippines 学习以某种方式工作:菲律宾的官僚文化和社区志愿服务
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsad006
Christopher M. Millora
Concerns have emerged of how the professionalization agenda in the development sector may water down the ‘spirit of volunteerism’ that thrives on community initiative, informality, and flexibility. This paper explores the role of literacy and learning practices in the bureaucratization of community development drawing from an ethnography of local volunteering in the Philippines. Through literacy practices such as preparing community health classes, making budget plans, and writing to government institutions, volunteers were inducted into ‘bureaucratic’ ways of working that, at times, clashed with their expectations and practices of volunteering that were founded on community building, solidarity, and agency. While volunteering could be seen as a means for community participation in development, findings in this paper signal that the formalization and bureaucratization of grassroots volunteer groups may shift the intended community dynamics and volunteers’ expectations, practices, and identities.
人们开始担心,发展部门的专业化议程可能会削弱因社区主动性、非正式性和灵活性而蓬勃发展的“志愿精神”。本文从菲律宾当地志愿服务的民族志出发,探讨识字和学习实践在社区发展官僚化中的作用。通过扫盲实践,如准备社区卫生课程、制定预算计划和给政府机构写信,志愿者们被引入了“官僚”的工作方式,这种工作方式有时与他们建立在社区建设、团结和代理基础上的志愿服务期望和实践发生冲突。虽然志愿服务可以被视为社区参与发展的一种手段,但本文的研究结果表明,基层志愿团体的正规化和官僚化可能会改变预期的社区动态和志愿者的期望、实践和身份。
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引用次数: 0
Optimize Household Waste Management 优化家居废物管理
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.3575
Yunita Rakhmawati, None Umi Fitriyati, None Ajeng Daniarsih, None Farid Akhsani, None Wachidah Hayuana, None Zahra Firdaus
Based on data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2021, household and food waste production in Indonesia is the highest. This waste has not been utilized optimally because the habit of the Indonesian people in sorting waste is still low. Meanwhile, organic waste derived from food waste can be used as liquid organic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizers are more practical and easily absorbed by plants. This community service activity aims to improve students' knowledge and skills in making liquid organic fertilizers. The method used is counseling, demonstration, and training on making LOF involving class XI students of SMAN 8 Malang. This activity results in the increased knowledge and skills of students in manufacturing LOFs. In general, this service activity went smoothly. The suggestion for the next activity was to develop a type of LOF from specific materials based on its largest constituent element so that this LOF will be easier to apply according to to plant needs.
根据环境和林业部2021年的数据,印度尼西亚的家庭垃圾和食物垃圾产量最高。由于印度尼西亚人分类废物的习惯仍然很低,这些废物没有得到最佳利用。同时,从食物垃圾中提取的有机废物可以用作液态有机肥。液体有机肥更实用,更容易被植物吸收。这次社区服务活动旨在提高学生制作有机液体肥料的知识和技能。采用辅导、示范、培训的方式,让斯曼玛琅十一班学生参与制作LOF。这项活动增加了学生制造lof的知识和技能。总的来说,这次服务活动进行得很顺利。下一个活动的建议是根据其最大的组成元素从特定材料开发一种LOF,这样这种LOF将更容易根据工厂的需要应用。
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引用次数: 0
Empowerment Teachers of SMA Malang Raya Making Eco Enzyme and Biology Module for Teachers of SMA Malang Raya 赋予SMA玛琅拉雅教师权力,为SMA玛琅拉雅教师制作生态酶和生物模块
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.3874
Balqis Balqis, None Herawati Susilo, None Murni Saptasari3, None Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas4, None Ringga Satria Putra, None Iin Lailatul Khoirunnisa, None , Rifqi Hilman
The 21st century is characterized by information that can be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere, computing or using robots, automation or work that can be done regularly and communication that becomes unlimited. Educators are required to be able to facilitate and inspire student learning and creativity, such as involving students in exploring real-world issues and solving contextual problems using tools and digital resources. Learning in the form of environmental care needs to be related to the application in students' daily lives in the family, community, and surrounding nature, so that learning becomes meaningful for students. Eco-enzyme is one of the sources and learning media in the surrounding environment that can be raised in the learning process. This can be used as a teaching module that teachers use as innovation. This activity aims to hold eco-enzyme training and the preparation of teaching modules for Biology Teachers of Malang Raya High School. This activity is carried out using the eco-enzym making training method and the preparation of teaching module making exercises by lifting eco-enzymes. The targets of this activity are teachers from malang city and malang district with 15 of them. The results of this activity found that 80% of this activity was successful because it exceeded the target with details of 18 attending offline and 5 attending online. Another thing is shown by the collection of 6 teaching modules.
21世纪的特点是,任何人都可以随时随地获取信息,计算或使用机器人,自动化或可以定期完成的工作,以及通信变得无限。教育工作者需要能够促进和激发学生的学习和创造力,例如让学生参与探索现实世界的问题,并使用工具和数字资源解决情境问题。以环境关怀的形式进行的学习,需要与学生在家庭、社区、周围自然等日常生活中的应用联系起来,使学习对学生来说变得有意义。生态酶是在学习过程中可以培养的周围环境的来源和学习媒介之一。这可以作为教师作为创新的教学模块。本次活动旨在为玛琅拉雅高中生物教师举办生态酶培训和教学模块的准备。本次活动采用生态酶制作训练法,并通过举生态酶制作教学模块练习进行准备。本次活动的对象是来自玛琅市和玛琅区的15名教师。本次活动的结果发现,80%的活动成功,因为超过了目标,线下18人,线上5人。另一件事是6个教学模块的集合。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering Micro and Small Enterprises Legal for Halal Certification in Tajungan Village Kamal Bangkalan 在Tajungan村授权微型和小型企业合法获得清真认证
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.4028
Indah Purbasari, Murni Murni, Azizah Azizah, Faris Hamidi, Qolbian Rohim
Halal Certificate is one of the obligations of businessmen regulated in Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Guarantees for Halal Products. This law obliges all commodities circulating in Indonesia must be halal certified, including products of micro and small enterprises. Therefore, this community service program was carried out with the aim of socializing the mandatory of halal certification with the target of micro and small business enterprisers in Tajungan Village, Kamal District, Bangkalan Regency. The ultimate goal is the registration of halal certificate for micro business products in the region. The program applied education method by conducting separately the halal product processing trainings both for Universitas Trunojoyo Madura students in order to be certified halal counselors and micro and small enterprisers. The counselling for Halal Product Processing was carried out by gathering micro and small enterprisers at the Tajungan Village Office, Kamal District, Bangkalan Regency. They were educated to make them convince toward the urgency of halal certification, to persuade them for applying for halal certification through the self-declaration mechanism at which free of charge and to assist them directly in registering halal certificate. This program was warmly welcomed by women micro and small enterprisers in Tajungan Village because most of them were on average less educated but they were eager to obtain halal product certificates. As the result, the students’ counselors succeeded in legally registering ten micro and small enterprisers in Online Single Submission (OSS) website and registered their products to receive halal certificate through sihalal website. Therefore, halal education for micro and small enterprisers must still be carried out to encourage their desire to become part of the halal product guarantee system that is obliged by the law.
清真认证是2014年关于清真产品保证的第33号法律规定的商人义务之一。这项法律规定,在印尼流通的所有商品都必须经过清真认证,包括微型和小型企业的产品。因此,这项社区服务计划的目的是将清真认证的强制性社会化,目标是邦卡兰县卡迈勒区Tajungan村的微型和小型企业企业家。最终目标是为该地区的微企业产品注册清真证书。该项目采用教育方法,分别对特鲁诺约约马杜拉大学的学生进行清真产品加工培训,以获得清真顾问和小微企业家的认证。清真产品加工咨询是通过在邦卡兰县卡迈勒区Tajungan村办事处聚集微型和小型企业家进行的。对他们进行教育,使他们认识到清真认证的紧迫性,说服他们通过免费的自我声明机制申请清真认证,并帮助他们直接注册清真证书。这个项目受到了Tajungan村女性微型和小型企业家的热烈欢迎,因为她们中的大多数人平均受教育程度较低,但她们渴望获得清真产品证书。结果,学生辅导员成功地在OSS网站上合法注册了10个小微企业,并通过sihalal网站注册了他们的产品获得了清真证书。因此,仍然必须对小微企业家进行清真教育,鼓励他们成为法律规定的清真产品保障体系的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Training on the Utilization of Lime to Empower the Lime Farmers in Bolo Village, Gresik Gresik Bolo村石灰利用培训赋权石灰农民
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.3559
Idha Kusumawati, Sari Retno, Handayani Rosita, Harjono Suko, Yuwono Mochamad, Munandar Tristiana Erawati
Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) is one of the important agricultural commodities for residents in the Bolo village, Gresik. The resident of Bolo Village owns an average of 1/4 hectare of lime plantations. However, the price of lime is not stable. In the harvest season, when conditions become surplus in the market, lime prices often drop, causing losses for the farmers. Lack of knowledge about lime product processing is also an obstacle in the utilization and processing of crops. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of citrus farmers in Bolo Village to utilize and process lime crops into Home Industry products, so they do not suffer losses when the lime price drops. Activities are carried out through learning using interactive lecture methods and training through product manufacturing demos. The successful indicator was carried out by evaluating the participants' level of understanding before and after the activity. The training activities significantly increased the participants' knowledge and experience. In addition, this activity also obtained data on the needs of lime farmers. It is hoped that this data can be used for the continuation of the next activity or can also be used by the local government, which wants to help advance agriculture and product diversification in the village of Bolo.
酸橙(Citrus aurantifolia)在格列西克的博洛村,棉花是重要的农产品之一。Bolo村的居民平均拥有1/4公顷的酸橙种植园。然而,石灰的价格并不稳定。在收获季节,当市场条件过剩时,石灰价格往往会下降,给农民造成损失。缺乏石灰产品加工知识也是阻碍作物利用和加工的一个因素。这项社区服务活动旨在提高博洛村柑橘种植者利用和加工石灰作物为家庭工业产品的知识和技能,使他们在石灰价格下降时不会遭受损失。活动通过互动式讲座方式进行学习,并通过产品制造演示进行培训。成功的指标是通过评估参与者在活动前后的理解水平来进行的。培训活动显著增加了参与者的知识和经验。此外,该活动还获得了石灰农民需求的数据。希望这些数据可以用于下一个活动的继续,或者也可以被当地政府使用,他们希望帮助推进Bolo村的农业和产品多样化。
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引用次数: 0
Empowerment Cadres of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama in Stunting Prevention through Nutrition Education in Bangil Pasuruan 在孟加拉国通过营养教育赋予穆斯林教士联合会干部预防发育迟缓的权力
3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.33086/cdj.v7i1.3645
Wiwik Winarningsih, Warda El Maida Rusdi, Muhammad Fifin Kombih, Aufar Zimamuz Zaman Al Hajiri, Rima Isna Rahmawati
Stunting is one of the nutritional problems faced in the world. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 24.4%, while in Pasuruan Regency it is 22.5%. Most people may not understand the term stunting. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) cadres in preventing stunting through nutrition education at Bangil Pasuruan. Method: The target participants for this activity are the Management of the NU Bangil Pasuruan Muslimat Branch. The pre-test and post-test were given as a measure of the participant's level of knowledge after being given education. The provision of this education uses electronic media, namely Power Point regarding inviting toddlers and toddler mothers to come regularly to attend "Posyandu", the benefits of local food and food diversity, accompanying young women to drink iron tablets, assisting prospective brides, assisting pregnant women, and assisting babies to get Exclusive breastfeeding. Results and Discussion: This community service activity was done on Saturday, June 12, 2022, at the Management Building of the NU Muslimat Branch, Bangil, Pasuruan. Attended by 32 participants who were NU Muslimat cadres in Bangil Pasuruan aged 40-65 years. There is an increase of 32.58% in scores from the pre-test to the post-test The statistical analysis results showed a significance value of p <0.05, that there was a significant difference in knowledge among participants in the Pre-Test and Post-Test values. The application of the knowledge gained is a comprehensive effort to prevent stunting and improve the quality of human life in creating a superior generation. Conclusion: Participants experience an increased understanding of stunting prevention through providing education in this community service, with the hope that participants will apply their knowledge to contribute to reducing stunting rates in Bangil Pasuruan.
发育迟缓是当今世界面临的营养问题之一。印度尼西亚的发育迟缓患病率为24.4%,而在帕苏鲁安县为22.5%。大多数人可能不理解发育迟缓这个词。这项社区服务活动的目的是通过Bangil Pasuruan的营养教育,提高穆斯林联合会(NU)干部在预防发育迟缓方面的知识。方法:本次活动的对象为孟加拉大学穆斯林分会管理层。前测和后测是衡量参与者接受教育后的知识水平。这种教育的提供使用电子媒体,即幻灯片,邀请幼儿和幼儿母亲定期参加“Posyandu”,当地食物和食物多样性的好处,陪同年轻妇女喝铁片,帮助准新娘,帮助孕妇,帮助婴儿获得纯母乳喂养。结果与讨论:本次社区服务活动于2022年6月12日(星期六)在巴苏鲁省班吉尔市穆斯林大学管理大楼举行。32名与会者参加了会议,他们是孟加拉国的40-65岁的孟加拉民族联盟穆斯林干部。与测试前相比,测试后的得分提高了32.58%,统计分析结果显示p <0.05的显著性值,即参与者在测试前和测试后的知识值上存在显著差异。应用所获得的知识是一项全面的努力,以防止发育迟缓和提高人类生活质量,创造优秀的一代。结论:通过在这个社区服务中提供教育,参与者对预防发育迟缓有了更多的了解,希望参与者将运用他们的知识为降低Bangil Pasuruan的发育迟缓率做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Overcoming barriers to social inclusion in agricultural intensification: reflections on a transdisciplinary community development project from India and Bangladesh 克服农业集约化中社会包容的障碍:对印度和孟加拉国跨学科社区发展项目的思考
IF 1.5 3区 社会学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsad005
C. H. Roth, M. Cosijn, L. Carter, Arnab Chakraborty, Mahanambrota Das, S. Hamilton, Alak Kumar Jana, L. Lim-Camacho, S. Majumdar, W. Merritt, Pulak Mishra, Rajeshwar Mishra, U. Nidumolu, Md. Wakilur Rahman, Dhananjay Ray, L. Williams
We describe a research-for-development (R4D) strategy developed to address how investments and interventions in agricultural intensification as a means to achieve community development can be designed to be more socially inclusive and equitable. We draw on results from a 5-year project – Promoting socially inclusive and sustainable agricultural intensification in West Bengal (India) and southern Bangladesh (SIAGI). We reflect on a major pivot in the project’s strategy, from being primarily research-driven to placing community concerns and priorities at the centre with a shift towards Ethical Community Engagement (ECE). This became the foundational framework which guided the definition and undertaking of all subsequent activities – including a rethink of methods and concepts to develop tools and frameworks fit for purpose and local context, and inculcating a culture of reflexivity and mutual learning in the project. We show that creating the conditions for true participation, where project beneficiaries and non-government organizations are equal partners alongside researchers and government actors, and for co-learning using the ECE framework, sets the foundations for increased and potentially enduring social inclusion in agricultural intensification.
我们描述了一项研究促进发展(R4D)战略,该战略旨在解决如何将农业集约化投资和干预措施设计为实现社区发展的手段,使其更具社会包容性和公平性。我们借鉴了一个5年项目的成果——促进西孟加拉邦(印度)和孟加拉国南部(SIAGI)的社会包容性和可持续农业集约化。我们反思了项目战略的一个主要支点,从主要的研究驱动到将社区关注和优先事项放在中心,转向道德社区参与(ECE)。这成为指导所有后续活动的定义和开展的基础框架-包括重新思考方法和概念,以开发适合目的和当地环境的工具和框架,并在项目中灌输反思和相互学习的文化。我们表明,为项目受益人和非政府组织与研究人员和政府行为者成为平等的合作伙伴,以及利用欧洲经委会框架共同学习创造真正参与的条件,为农业集约化中增加和潜在持久的社会包容奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Community Development Journal
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