Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1177/21676968241273135
L. Naudé, M. Esau
Gaining financial independence is a prominent marker of adulthood. This study explored the experiences of a group of South African students (MAge = 22.24), with a specific focus on how the psychological tasks of emerging adulthood are embedded in the socio-economic context. Through the thematic analysis of 26 interviews, participants’ hopes, fears, and well-being (while managing student life shaped by an economically contentious situation) were unpacked. Considering the academic, personal, and social threats in their quests for independence, participants appreciated the support from parents, the university, and funders. Despite financial obstacles, they portrayed a strong personal commitment and resilience to excel academically, be financially liberated, and break the cycle of poverty. Hardship inspired dreams to secure a better future, a ‘soft life’, for themselves and others. Findings are discussed in juxtaposition with the responsibility of institutions to ensure a just society where emerging adults can flourish into financially stable adulthoods and futures.
{"title":"The Quest for a “Soft Life” and the Transition into Adulthood: Views from South African Emerging Adult Students","authors":"L. Naudé, M. Esau","doi":"10.1177/21676968241273135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241273135","url":null,"abstract":"Gaining financial independence is a prominent marker of adulthood. This study explored the experiences of a group of South African students (MAge = 22.24), with a specific focus on how the psychological tasks of emerging adulthood are embedded in the socio-economic context. Through the thematic analysis of 26 interviews, participants’ hopes, fears, and well-being (while managing student life shaped by an economically contentious situation) were unpacked. Considering the academic, personal, and social threats in their quests for independence, participants appreciated the support from parents, the university, and funders. Despite financial obstacles, they portrayed a strong personal commitment and resilience to excel academically, be financially liberated, and break the cycle of poverty. Hardship inspired dreams to secure a better future, a ‘soft life’, for themselves and others. Findings are discussed in juxtaposition with the responsibility of institutions to ensure a just society where emerging adults can flourish into financially stable adulthoods and futures.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1177/21676968241273319
Diane Thembekile Levine, Linda Theron, Sadiyya Haffejee, Michael Ungar
Emerging adults facing chronic socioeconomic stress, especially depression, lack comprehensive research on resilience factors. This study analyzed digital diary entries ( n = 338) from 57 individuals aged 18–24 in a South African township from July 2021 to April 2022. Participants highlighted relational, community, and cultural supports regardless of risk levels. Both high and low-risk groups faced challenges like financial instability, limited education, health threats, and lawlessness. However, institutional resource scarcity disproportionately affected higher-risk individuals, worsening issues like infrastructure deficits and violence exposure. Family and peer support emerged as crucial, especially for higher-risk participants. Individuals living in higher risk emphasized collective action and stranger support during infrastructure failures. These findings suggest that greater risk exposure may reinforce reliance on traditional, community-focused coping mechanisms, indicating the importance of studying differential resilience factors among young adults.
{"title":"Resilience to Depression Among Emerging Adults in South Africa: Insights From Digital Diaries","authors":"Diane Thembekile Levine, Linda Theron, Sadiyya Haffejee, Michael Ungar","doi":"10.1177/21676968241273319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241273319","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging adults facing chronic socioeconomic stress, especially depression, lack comprehensive research on resilience factors. This study analyzed digital diary entries ( n = 338) from 57 individuals aged 18–24 in a South African township from July 2021 to April 2022. Participants highlighted relational, community, and cultural supports regardless of risk levels. Both high and low-risk groups faced challenges like financial instability, limited education, health threats, and lawlessness. However, institutional resource scarcity disproportionately affected higher-risk individuals, worsening issues like infrastructure deficits and violence exposure. Family and peer support emerged as crucial, especially for higher-risk participants. Individuals living in higher risk emphasized collective action and stranger support during infrastructure failures. These findings suggest that greater risk exposure may reinforce reliance on traditional, community-focused coping mechanisms, indicating the importance of studying differential resilience factors among young adults.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/21676968241263376
Carolina Villamil Grest, Julie A. Cederbaum
Latino/a/Hispanic adversity and adaptation literature has focused on cultural, acculturative and immigration-related stressors. Cultural and social strengths, key Latino/a/Hispanic features, and their concurrence, remain qualitatively underexplored. To enhance intervention and prevention, research understanding experiences of Latino/a/Hispanic youth adaptation representing three generations is needed. Forty participants participated in semi-structured interviews detailing adversity, cultural strengths and support during their youth. Thematic analysis approach guided coding of transcripts. Three coders met regularly to discuss and resolve differences, identifying emergent themes. The sample included 24 females and 16 males ( Mage = 27.9) characterizing three generations (first n = 15; second n = 14; third+ n = 11). Three main themes emerged: (1) perceived adversity, described discrimination, and related adversities; (2) cultural adaptation, adjustment, and the shaping of bicultural identities; and (3) supportive and formative relationships buffering adversity. Themes illustrated adversity and cultural strengths within Latino/a/Hispanic protective relationships and contexts. Findings inform policies that support Latino/a/Hispanic youth and family engagement and intervention approaches.
拉美裔/西班牙裔的逆境和适应文献主要关注文化、文化适应和移民相关的压力因素。对文化和社会优势、拉美裔/西班牙裔的主要特征及其并存情况的定性研究仍然不足。为了加强干预和预防，需要对代表三代人的拉美裔/西班牙裔青年的适应经验进行研究。40 名参与者参加了半结构式访谈，详细描述了他们青年时期的逆境、文化优势和支持。主题分析方法指导了记录誊本的编码。三位编码员定期会面，讨论并解决分歧，确定新出现的主题。样本包括 24 名女性和 16 名男性（平均年龄 = 27.9），分别代表三代人（第一代 n = 15；第二代 n = 14；第三+代 n = 11）。出现了三大主题：(1) 感知到的逆境、描述的歧视和相关逆境；(2) 文化适应、调整和双文化身份的形成；(3) 缓冲逆境的支持性和形成性关系。主题说明了拉美裔/西班牙裔保护性关系和环境中的逆境和文化力量。研究结果为支持拉美裔/西班牙裔青年和家庭参与的政策和干预方法提供了参考。
{"title":"“Why Couldn’t We?”: Experiences of Adversity, Cultural Strengths and Support Among First, Second, and Third+ Generation Mexican-origin Youth in Los Angeles","authors":"Carolina Villamil Grest, Julie A. Cederbaum","doi":"10.1177/21676968241263376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241263376","url":null,"abstract":"Latino/a/Hispanic adversity and adaptation literature has focused on cultural, acculturative and immigration-related stressors. Cultural and social strengths, key Latino/a/Hispanic features, and their concurrence, remain qualitatively underexplored. To enhance intervention and prevention, research understanding experiences of Latino/a/Hispanic youth adaptation representing three generations is needed. Forty participants participated in semi-structured interviews detailing adversity, cultural strengths and support during their youth. Thematic analysis approach guided coding of transcripts. Three coders met regularly to discuss and resolve differences, identifying emergent themes. The sample included 24 females and 16 males ( M<jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 27.9) characterizing three generations (first n = 15; second n = 14; third+ n = 11). Three main themes emerged: (1) perceived adversity, described discrimination, and related adversities; (2) cultural adaptation, adjustment, and the shaping of bicultural identities; and (3) supportive and formative relationships buffering adversity. Themes illustrated adversity and cultural strengths within Latino/a/Hispanic protective relationships and contexts. Findings inform policies that support Latino/a/Hispanic youth and family engagement and intervention approaches.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1177/21676968241267336
Jet Buenconsejo, Steven Krauss, Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir, Angela Suryani, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Priyoth Kittiteerasack
Religiousness has been proposed to promote prosociality among young people. Few investigations, however, have examined the underlying processes that facilitate these links, especially in non-Western and collectivistic societies. This study investigated the mediating role of the 5Cs (competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) of positive youth development on the associations between religiousness, empathy, and altruism, while controlling for age and gender, among Southeast Asian emerging adults during COVID-19. Data were obtained from 1,888 emerging adults ( M age = 21.85; SD age = 2.81) from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Thailand. Structural equation modeling showed that confidence, connection, and character mediated religiousness and altruism while confidence, connection, character, and caring mediated religiousness and empathy, even after controlling for the covariates. However, confidence yielded negative relations with both outcomes. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing self-oriented and other-oriented thriving characteristics in facilitating empathy and altruistic behaviors in difficult situations.
{"title":"Positive Youth Development Mediates the Relations Between Religiousness, Altruism, and Empathy Among Southeast Asian Emerging Adults","authors":"Jet Buenconsejo, Steven Krauss, Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir, Angela Suryani, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Priyoth Kittiteerasack","doi":"10.1177/21676968241267336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241267336","url":null,"abstract":"Religiousness has been proposed to promote prosociality among young people. Few investigations, however, have examined the underlying processes that facilitate these links, especially in non-Western and collectivistic societies. This study investigated the mediating role of the 5Cs (competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) of positive youth development on the associations between religiousness, empathy, and altruism, while controlling for age and gender, among Southeast Asian emerging adults during COVID-19. Data were obtained from 1,888 emerging adults ( M<jats:sup> age</jats:sup> = 21.85; SD<jats:sup> age</jats:sup> = 2.81) from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Thailand. Structural equation modeling showed that confidence, connection, and character mediated religiousness and altruism while confidence, connection, character, and caring mediated religiousness and empathy, even after controlling for the covariates. However, confidence yielded negative relations with both outcomes. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing self-oriented and other-oriented thriving characteristics in facilitating empathy and altruistic behaviors in difficult situations.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1177/21676968241264323
Daniel Filip, Ruth Van der Hallen, Guus Smeets, Ingmar Franken, Peter Prinzie
Social media use has been associated with negative effects on mental health, but little is known about the role of personality pathology in predicting social media use. To address this gap, this longitudinal study examined the relationship between self-reported pathological personality domains (Short Form Personality Inventory for the DSM-5; PID-5-SF), social media use (hours per day) and social media self-control failure measured 3 years later. A total of 368 emerging adults ( M age = 24.86 years, SD = 1.11, 55% female) were included. Using a multivariate mediation model, we investigated whether pathological personality traits relate to social media use through social media self-control failure. Results indicated that while no direct relationships were observed, social media self-control failure served as an indirect-only mediator between the pathological personality domain of disinhibition and social media use. These findings have implications for clinical practice in identifying individuals at risk for higher social media use.
{"title":"Pathological Personality Domains and Social Media Use in Emerging Adults: Mediation by Social Media Self-Control Failure","authors":"Daniel Filip, Ruth Van der Hallen, Guus Smeets, Ingmar Franken, Peter Prinzie","doi":"10.1177/21676968241264323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241264323","url":null,"abstract":"Social media use has been associated with negative effects on mental health, but little is known about the role of personality pathology in predicting social media use. To address this gap, this longitudinal study examined the relationship between self-reported pathological personality domains (Short Form Personality Inventory for the DSM-5; PID-5-SF), social media use (hours per day) and social media self-control failure measured 3 years later. A total of 368 emerging adults ( M age = 24.86 years, SD = 1.11, 55% female) were included. Using a multivariate mediation model, we investigated whether pathological personality traits relate to social media use through social media self-control failure. Results indicated that while no direct relationships were observed, social media self-control failure served as an indirect-only mediator between the pathological personality domain of disinhibition and social media use. These findings have implications for clinical practice in identifying individuals at risk for higher social media use.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1177/21676968241266669
Elise Bragard, Stephen Armeli, Howard Tennen
Friendship-related stress is an understudied factor that may explain variation in coping-motivated and socially-motivated drinking among emerging adults. This study examined chronic and episodic friendship stress as predictors of drinking levels and motivations among emerging adults transitioning to post-college life. College drinkers reported drinking motives and alcohol consumption daily for 30 days using an Internet-based diary in college and five years later ( N = 897, 54.2% women, Mage = 24.6 at follow-up, 86.0% White). Post-college, participants completed by phone the UCLA-Life Stress Interview assessing chronic and episodic friendship/social life stress. Chronic friendship/social life stress was positively correlated with mean levels of post-college drinking-to-cope motivation and was negatively related to post-college heavy drinking and social drinking motivation. Emerging adults experiencing friendship stress are more likely to use alcohol as a coping mechanism, elevating their risk for alcohol-related problems. Those with low friendship stress may require public health interventions around the risks of heavy drinking.
{"title":"Friendship-Related Stress and Alcohol Use Among Post-college Emerging Adults","authors":"Elise Bragard, Stephen Armeli, Howard Tennen","doi":"10.1177/21676968241266669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241266669","url":null,"abstract":"Friendship-related stress is an understudied factor that may explain variation in coping-motivated and socially-motivated drinking among emerging adults. This study examined chronic and episodic friendship stress as predictors of drinking levels and motivations among emerging adults transitioning to post-college life. College drinkers reported drinking motives and alcohol consumption daily for 30 days using an Internet-based diary in college and five years later ( N = 897, 54.2% women, M<jats:sub>age</jats:sub> = 24.6 at follow-up, 86.0% White). Post-college, participants completed by phone the UCLA-Life Stress Interview assessing chronic and episodic friendship/social life stress. Chronic friendship/social life stress was positively correlated with mean levels of post-college drinking-to-cope motivation and was negatively related to post-college heavy drinking and social drinking motivation. Emerging adults experiencing friendship stress are more likely to use alcohol as a coping mechanism, elevating their risk for alcohol-related problems. Those with low friendship stress may require public health interventions around the risks of heavy drinking.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1177/21676968241252189
Eric E. Sevareid, Wendy D. Manning, Monica A. Longmore, Peggy C. Giordano
Family researchers have considered the presence of marriage plans to distinguish between non-marital cohabiting unions. We assess, in the context of emerging adulthood, whether marriage plans differentiate between cohabitors in terms of psychological well-being. Analyzing data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined associations for depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 300 emerging adult cohabitors. We also compared cohabitors with 216 married emerging adults (total N = 516). We also assessed relationship quality and economic security as possible confounding factors. Results suggested that cohabitors without marriage plans experienced more frequent anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, significant associations did not remain in multivariable models, particularly when considering economic security. Findings indicate that marriage plans may be inadequate for differentiating between cohabitors’ well-being. We find that economic security and discrete relationship quality measures better explain differences than marriage plans. These findings add to burgeoning research on cohabitation in emerging adulthood.
{"title":"The Relevance of Marriage Plans for Cohabiting Emerging Adults’ Psychological Well-Being: Considering Economic Security and Relationship Quality","authors":"Eric E. Sevareid, Wendy D. Manning, Monica A. Longmore, Peggy C. Giordano","doi":"10.1177/21676968241252189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241252189","url":null,"abstract":"Family researchers have considered the presence of marriage plans to distinguish between non-marital cohabiting unions. We assess, in the context of emerging adulthood, whether marriage plans differentiate between cohabitors in terms of psychological well-being. Analyzing data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined associations for depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 300 emerging adult cohabitors. We also compared cohabitors with 216 married emerging adults (total N = 516). We also assessed relationship quality and economic security as possible confounding factors. Results suggested that cohabitors without marriage plans experienced more frequent anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, significant associations did not remain in multivariable models, particularly when considering economic security. Findings indicate that marriage plans may be inadequate for differentiating between cohabitors’ well-being. We find that economic security and discrete relationship quality measures better explain differences than marriage plans. These findings add to burgeoning research on cohabitation in emerging adulthood.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/21676968241241560
Rachel E. Dwyer, Laura M. DeMarco
Emerging adults in the U.S. face significant economic uncertainty during the early life course. Economic uncertainties grew in the 2000s, especially for the Millennial cohort. Access to credit can be a resource to manage the instability that characterizes emerging adulthood. However, debt can also become a burden, making credit like a “double-edged sword.” We study inequality in debt holding for five debt types that provide distinct resources and burdens, including mortgages, car loans, student loans, credit cards, and other debts to businesses. We analyze the extent to which the Millennial cohort accumulated unequal debts by the end of emerging adulthood using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort. We find strikingly unequal debt holding by education, race/ethnicity, and education-by-race/ethnicity for Millennial emerging adults. We conclude that policies and programs that support emerging adult financial wellbeing will be crucial for healthy development and reduced inequalities during this life course stage.
{"title":"Unequally Indebted: Debt by Education, Race, and Ethnicity and the, Accumulation of Inequality in Emerging Adulthood","authors":"Rachel E. Dwyer, Laura M. DeMarco","doi":"10.1177/21676968241241560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241241560","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging adults in the U.S. face significant economic uncertainty during the early life course. Economic uncertainties grew in the 2000s, especially for the Millennial cohort. Access to credit can be a resource to manage the instability that characterizes emerging adulthood. However, debt can also become a burden, making credit like a “double-edged sword.” We study inequality in debt holding for five debt types that provide distinct resources and burdens, including mortgages, car loans, student loans, credit cards, and other debts to businesses. We analyze the extent to which the Millennial cohort accumulated unequal debts by the end of emerging adulthood using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort. We find strikingly unequal debt holding by education, race/ethnicity, and education-by-race/ethnicity for Millennial emerging adults. We conclude that policies and programs that support emerging adult financial wellbeing will be crucial for healthy development and reduced inequalities during this life course stage.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1177/21676968241257585
Matthijs Fakkel, Susan Branje, Wilma A. M. Vollebergh, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens, Margot Peeters
Relatively little is known about which competencies adolescents need to experience intergenerational social mobility. We investigated if intelligence, effortful control, assertiveness, and peer competence at age 11 was associated with upward or downward mobility at age 26, utilizing data from the TRAILS study ( N = 2229; ageT1 = 11.1 ( SD = 0.55); 50.8% girls). Results from our multinomial logistic regressions indicate that intelligence and effortful control, but not social competencies, are associated with upward mobility. Only intelligence was associated with downward mobility. Having dissimilar levels of competence than peers with the same parental SES was more important for social mobility than having similar competencies as peers with the same young adulthood SES. Social mobility thus happens primarily based on competence. However, given the importance of genetic predispositions and socioeconomic environment for intelligence and effortful control, and the limited appreciation of alternative competencies, social mobility remains to some extent unmeritocratic.
{"title":"Intergenerational Upward and Downward Social Mobility: The Role of Intelligence, Effortful Control, Assertiveness, and Peer Competence in Early Adolescence","authors":"Matthijs Fakkel, Susan Branje, Wilma A. M. Vollebergh, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens, Margot Peeters","doi":"10.1177/21676968241257585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241257585","url":null,"abstract":"Relatively little is known about which competencies adolescents need to experience intergenerational social mobility. We investigated if intelligence, effortful control, assertiveness, and peer competence at age 11 was associated with upward or downward mobility at age 26, utilizing data from the TRAILS study ( N = 2229; age<jats:sub>T1</jats:sub> = 11.1 ( SD = 0.55); 50.8% girls). Results from our multinomial logistic regressions indicate that intelligence and effortful control, but not social competencies, are associated with upward mobility. Only intelligence was associated with downward mobility. Having dissimilar levels of competence than peers with the same parental SES was more important for social mobility than having similar competencies as peers with the same young adulthood SES. Social mobility thus happens primarily based on competence. However, given the importance of genetic predispositions and socioeconomic environment for intelligence and effortful control, and the limited appreciation of alternative competencies, social mobility remains to some extent unmeritocratic.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1177/21676968241257000
Jordan A. Booker, Chloe L. Johnson
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a widespread and persistent stressor for emerging adults. Personality differences could inform resilience in the face of this pandemic. Using data from multiple college adult samples measured before and during impacts of COVID, we addressed how differences in hope and self-compassion (a) were related to well-being and mental health; (b) could differ given timing of COVID impacts, and (c) showed interactions with COVID timing. Both self-compassion and hope were broadly related with well-being and mental health concerns. Students endorsed lower hope once COVID was impacting daily life. COVID timing moderated the relations of self-compassion with well-being and mental health concerns. Self-compassion showed stronger positive relations with flourishing and thriving during COVID impacts, as well as stronger negative relations with depressive symptoms as students returned to in-person activities during COVID. Findings reinforce the importance of individual differences for resilience with real-world, chronic stressors for emerging adults.
{"title":"Personality and Resilience in a Jarring Time: Self-Compassion and Hope before and During COVID Disruptions","authors":"Jordan A. Booker, Chloe L. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/21676968241257000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241257000","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has been a widespread and persistent stressor for emerging adults. Personality differences could inform resilience in the face of this pandemic. Using data from multiple college adult samples measured before and during impacts of COVID, we addressed how differences in hope and self-compassion (a) were related to well-being and mental health; (b) could differ given timing of COVID impacts, and (c) showed interactions with COVID timing. Both self-compassion and hope were broadly related with well-being and mental health concerns. Students endorsed lower hope once COVID was impacting daily life. COVID timing moderated the relations of self-compassion with well-being and mental health concerns. Self-compassion showed stronger positive relations with flourishing and thriving during COVID impacts, as well as stronger negative relations with depressive symptoms as students returned to in-person activities during COVID. Findings reinforce the importance of individual differences for resilience with real-world, chronic stressors for emerging adults.","PeriodicalId":47330,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141148585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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