Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16957834460295
Vassilios Ziakas
Event portfolios entail a holistic, integrative and network mindset in assembling, designing, managing, and cross-leveraging strategic multi-event calendar programs as complex systems for obtaining multiple benefits. Primarily because their development calls for a disruptive change departing from the enduring predominant focus on standalone major events, they have remained a largely neglected phenomenon within event studies over the last twenty years. This commentary reviews incipient scholarship that has pushed towards a portfolio paradigm shift for making events more sustainable and resilient. It tracks down the emergence of event portfolio in Event Management – first made in 2003. All portfolio-related articles published until today in the journal are presented alongside research emerged elsewhere to reveal overarching themes and knowledge gaps. Aspiring to trigger interest in the subject and attract work that will build new knowledge, main directions for future studies are recommended: event populations, eventfulness, portfolio constitution/evolution, cross-leveraging, and comparative studies among events/portfolios.
{"title":"Studying Event Portfolios (2003-2023): Vistas of Multi-Event Program Organizations","authors":"Vassilios Ziakas","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16957834460295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16957834460295","url":null,"abstract":"Event portfolios entail a holistic, integrative and network mindset in assembling, designing, managing, and cross-leveraging strategic multi-event calendar programs as complex systems for obtaining multiple benefits. Primarily because their development calls for a disruptive change departing from the enduring predominant focus on standalone major events, they have remained a largely neglected phenomenon within event studies over the last twenty years. This commentary reviews incipient scholarship that has pushed towards a portfolio paradigm shift for making events more sustainable and resilient. It tracks down the emergence of event portfolio in Event Management – first made in 2003. All portfolio-related articles published until today in the journal are presented alongside research emerged elsewhere to reveal overarching themes and knowledge gaps. Aspiring to trigger interest in the subject and attract work that will build new knowledge, main directions for future studies are recommended: event populations, eventfulness, portfolio constitution/evolution, cross-leveraging, and comparative studies among events/portfolios.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135052225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16957834460259
Zoe Leonard, Julie Whitfield
Live events that replicate the 1940s era celebrate the heritage of a defining moment in history. This research presents the results of a study examining authenticity, storytelling and living history in the context of 1940s events in the UK. The research demonstrates how storytelling and living history intensifies the authentic nature of the event, depicting a true reflection of the past and facilitating a collective memory of the era. Through online semi-structured interviews with event organisers and attendees of 1940s events, the findings confirm that organisers feel a sense of cultural duty to tell an accurate story to the best of their abilities. This is supported through living history as presented by re-enactment groups. They provide elements of the three concepts of authenticity, objectivism, constructivism and existentialism. Reenactors provide historically accurate detail and speak with authority, generating what is perceived to be an authentic level of engagement.
{"title":"Presenting an Authentic Reflection of the Past Through Storytelling and Living History in 1940s Events","authors":"Zoe Leonard, Julie Whitfield","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16957834460259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16957834460259","url":null,"abstract":"Live events that replicate the 1940s era celebrate the heritage of a defining moment in history. This research presents the results of a study examining authenticity, storytelling and living history in the context of 1940s events in the UK. The research demonstrates how storytelling and living history intensifies the authentic nature of the event, depicting a true reflection of the past and facilitating a collective memory of the era. Through online semi-structured interviews with event organisers and attendees of 1940s events, the findings confirm that organisers feel a sense of cultural duty to tell an accurate story to the best of their abilities. This is supported through living history as presented by re-enactment groups. They provide elements of the three concepts of authenticity, objectivism, constructivism and existentialism. Reenactors provide historically accurate detail and speak with authority, generating what is perceived to be an authentic level of engagement.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136008574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16799771985460
L. Walsh, M. Duignan, S. Down
Researchers primarily focus on the formal practices used by event organisers to establish temporary spaces like Host Event Zones, characterised as a unilateral process that ignores community interests. Yet little research investigates both the formal and informal interactions between stakeholders. Interviews with London 2012 senior organisers after the ‘fog of organising’ has lifted – and without political pressure to toe-the-line – reveals how two-way dialogue was facilitated through various communicative mechanisms, from ‘road shows’ to more inclusive Olympic Organising Committee meetings. This counters previous arguments and contributes new knowledge by revealing – and more accurately representing - how event zones are co-created through negotiation between the event and community. Consequently, scholars should be wary of extrapolating from formal practices on paper and interrogate the more complex and messy informalities of planning to improve veracity of claim(s).
{"title":"HOW DO FORMAL AND INFORMAL PRACTICES AND THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS SHAPE THE FORMATION OF HOST EVENT ZONES?","authors":"L. Walsh, M. Duignan, S. Down","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16799771985460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16799771985460","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers primarily focus on the formal practices used by event organisers to establish temporary spaces like Host Event Zones, characterised as a unilateral process that ignores community interests. Yet little research investigates both the formal and informal interactions between stakeholders. Interviews with London 2012 senior organisers after the ‘fog of organising’ has lifted – and without political pressure to toe-the-line – reveals how two-way dialogue was facilitated through various communicative mechanisms, from ‘road shows’ to more inclusive Olympic Organising Committee meetings. This counters previous arguments and contributes new knowledge by revealing – and more accurately representing - how event zones are co-created through negotiation between the event and community. Consequently, scholars should be wary of extrapolating from formal practices on paper and interrogate the more complex and messy informalities of planning to improve veracity of claim(s).","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16830662072080
M. Hayes, Kevin Filo, Caroline Riot, Andrea N. Geurin
Based on the understanding that social media can distract athletes and impact performance during major sport events, this research sought to understand how sport organizations help athletes address social media distractions. Underpinned by social cognitive theory, the research adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design to two studies. Study One analyzed sport organizations’ social media policies while Study Two used interviews with 15 current Olympians to uncover the effectiveness of their approaches. Three themes emerged including best practices education, insufficient social media policies and frameworks, and personalized support. The research identified proactive and reactive measures used to manage social media distractions. The findings contribute to social cognitive theory by revealing athletes’ openness to learning new ways to manage social media use during events and draw from the experiences of peers. The findings can inform event management practice through real-time support of athletes on event grounds as well as through active promotion of healthy social media use in and around an event.
{"title":"ADDRESSING ATHLETE SOCIAL MEDIA DISTRACTIONS DURING EVENTS: EXAMINING EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE APPROACHES","authors":"M. Hayes, Kevin Filo, Caroline Riot, Andrea N. Geurin","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16830662072080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16830662072080","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the understanding that social media can distract athletes and impact performance during major sport events, this research sought to understand how sport organizations help athletes address social media distractions. Underpinned by social cognitive theory, the research adopted a phenomenological qualitative research design to two studies. Study One analyzed sport organizations’ social media policies while Study Two used interviews with 15 current Olympians to uncover the effectiveness of their approaches. Three themes emerged including best practices education, insufficient social media policies and frameworks, and personalized support. The research identified proactive and reactive measures used to manage social media distractions. The findings contribute to social cognitive theory by revealing athletes’ openness to learning new ways to manage social media use during events and draw from the experiences of peers. The findings can inform event management practice through real-time support of athletes on event grounds as well as through active promotion of healthy social media use in and around an event.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16847420514809
H. Séraphin
An empirical study based on the examination of 5048 photos uploaded by1100 femaleusers of the dating application happn reveals that women are adopting an inside-outand inside-in passive activism attitude with regards to event related products/servicesto protest against the glass-ceiling situation they are facing in the events industry. The study also suggests that future research should look at other industries to see if the results can be generalised.
{"title":"Women and Events: Inside-out and Inside-in Passive Activism","authors":"H. Séraphin","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16847420514809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16847420514809","url":null,"abstract":"An empirical study based on the examination of 5048 photos uploaded by1100 femaleusers of the dating application happn reveals that women are adopting an inside-outand inside-in passive activism attitude with regards to event related products/servicesto protest against the glass-ceiling situation they are facing in the events industry. The study also suggests that future research should look at other industries to see if the results can be generalised.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16896548396798
Adrian Bossey
Music festivals are increasingly utilising ICT to augment live music performances.This research project proposes and trials three liveness scales to measure attendee’s perceptions of authenticity regarding liveness across a broad spectrum of formats for, and viewpoints of, live performances at, or emanating from, music festivals. The research addresses the thesis that: It may be possible to develop liveness scales to measure attendee perceptions of liveness regarding ICT enhanced performances at music festivals. Following item development processes, pre-test liveness Likert scales were developed, and two iterations of primary research were carried out to collect and interpret empirical evidence from 164 respondents. Formats and viewpoints generating the greatest acceptance or resistance were identified. Significant differentiation in responses was tested for by gender regarding audience viewpoints and by occupation regarding audience size. Potential to further develop/simplify the liveness scales, and for future research into ICT enhanced experiences at music festivals, was ascertained.
{"title":"Piloting Test Scales to Measure Perceptions of ‘Liveness’ Regarding ICT Enhanced Performances at Music Festivals","authors":"Adrian Bossey","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16896548396798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16896548396798","url":null,"abstract":"Music festivals are increasingly utilising ICT to augment live music performances.This research project proposes and trials three liveness scales to measure attendee’s perceptions of authenticity regarding liveness across a broad spectrum of formats for, and viewpoints of, live performances at, or emanating from, music festivals. The research addresses the thesis that: It may be possible to develop liveness scales to measure attendee perceptions of liveness regarding ICT enhanced performances at music festivals. Following item development processes, pre-test liveness Likert scales were developed, and two iterations of primary research were carried out to collect and interpret empirical evidence from 164 respondents. Formats and viewpoints generating the greatest acceptance or resistance were identified. Significant differentiation in responses was tested for by gender regarding audience viewpoints and by occupation regarding audience size. Potential to further develop/simplify the liveness scales, and for future research into ICT enhanced experiences at music festivals, was ascertained.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16896548396815
S. Sönmez, Adrien Bouchet, Richard E. Lapchick
This thought piece explores the historical episodes regarding human rights issues and their relationship with the Olympics and other mega and major sporting events. We show how sporting events have long been used for opportunities for the world to see human rights abuses. We then discuss the mixture of money, media companies, and sporting events and how these forces are increasing the visibility of municipalities and states that host these events. We ask the question: other than money, why do these sporting events continue to be awarded to Middle East counties that have long records of human rights abuses? Like many academic works we try and find the link between ideas and action. We conclude with a call to action and examine the IOC-UN partnership that began in 2009 and allowed the IOC to be directly involved in the UN agenda and also granted them the ability to attend the UN General Assembly meetings.
{"title":"Mega Sporting Events, Human Rights Abuses, and The Middle East","authors":"S. Sönmez, Adrien Bouchet, Richard E. Lapchick","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16896548396815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16896548396815","url":null,"abstract":"This thought piece explores the historical episodes regarding human rights issues and their relationship with the Olympics and other mega and major sporting events. We show how sporting events have long been used for opportunities for the world to see human rights abuses. We then discuss the mixture of money, media companies, and sporting events and how these forces are increasing the visibility of municipalities and states that host these events. We ask the question: other than money, why do these sporting events continue to be awarded to Middle East counties that have long records of human rights abuses? Like many academic works we try and find the link between ideas and action. We conclude with a call to action and examine the IOC-UN partnership that began in 2009 and allowed the IOC to be directly involved in the UN agenda and also granted them the ability to attend the UN General Assembly meetings.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16847420514737
Guangzhou Chen, L. D. Lu, Kevin Filo
Community sport events are uniquely positioned to engage in social entrepreneurial activities. This engagement can help navigate challenges facing the event sector. Therefore, this study explored the social entrepreneurial activities in which community sport event managers engaged amidst COVID-19. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with five event managers and 10 nonprofit managers involved in the Illinois Marathon in the United States. Findings showed that event managers engaged in social entrepreneurial activities through 1) leveraging a corporate partner to facilitate long-term relationships with local nonprofits, 2) delivering an impactful alternate event, and 3) hosting post-event banquets. These activities addressed social problems through 1) listening to and responding to immediate community needs, 2) raising awareness about social issues, and 3) shining a positive light on the community. Findings contribute to the literature on events and social entrepreneurship and provide implications for how event managers partake in effective social entrepreneurial activities.
{"title":"EXPLORING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES AT A COMMUNITY SPORT EVENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Guangzhou Chen, L. D. Lu, Kevin Filo","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16847420514737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16847420514737","url":null,"abstract":"Community sport events are uniquely positioned to engage in social entrepreneurial activities. This engagement can help navigate challenges facing the event sector. Therefore, this study explored the social entrepreneurial activities in which community sport event managers engaged amidst COVID-19. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with five event managers and 10 nonprofit managers involved in the Illinois Marathon in the United States. Findings showed that event managers engaged in social entrepreneurial activities through 1) leveraging a corporate partner to facilitate long-term relationships with local nonprofits, 2) delivering an impactful alternate event, and 3) hosting post-event banquets. These activities addressed social problems through 1) listening to and responding to immediate community needs, 2) raising awareness about social issues, and 3) shining a positive light on the community. Findings contribute to the literature on events and social entrepreneurship and provide implications for how event managers partake in effective social entrepreneurial activities.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16907613842147
Eunjung Kim, L. Fredline, Pam Kappelides, S. Barry, G. Cuskelly
This study investigated what skills and abilities volunteer applications consider to be important when applying for a volunteer position at a mega sports event. The results were analysed by gender, and according to person-job fit theory. Data were obtained from the online volunteer application form for the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. Two questions were used; gender, and one of the open-ended questions which asked “Anything else we should know about you?”. A total of 29,373 cases were analysed by Leximancer. This study identified six important themes: people, experience, love, sport, current situation, and business. For female volunteer applicants, people and love were identified as the most important themes, whereas business and sport were more likely to be prominent for male volunteer applicants. This research helps event organisations develop their selection strategies to match and adjust their volunteering jobs to the needs and abilities of volunteers.
{"title":"Anything else we should know about you to be a mega sport event volunteer? From gender and person-job fit perspectives","authors":"Eunjung Kim, L. Fredline, Pam Kappelides, S. Barry, G. Cuskelly","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16907613842147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16907613842147","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated what skills and abilities volunteer applications consider to be important when applying for a volunteer position at a mega sports event. The results were analysed by gender, and according to person-job fit theory. Data were obtained from the online volunteer application form for the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. Two questions were used; gender, and one of the open-ended questions which asked “Anything else we should know about you?”. A total of 29,373 cases were analysed by Leximancer. This study identified six important themes: people, experience, love, sport, current situation, and business. For female volunteer applicants, people and love were identified as the most important themes, whereas business and sport were more likely to be prominent for male volunteer applicants. This research helps event organisations develop their selection strategies to match and adjust their volunteering jobs to the needs and abilities of volunteers.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69738626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3727/152599523x16957834460240
Sharleen X Chen
Multimedia technology is a potentially efficient supplementary storytelling strategy. However, the effectiveness of multimedia storytelling for teaching about traditional festivals is unknown. We compared the effects of traditional storytelling (TST) and multimedia digital storytelling (MDST) on learning achievements, attitudes, and preferences towards studying traditional Chinese festivals. A quasi-experimental intervention (8-week lessons about two festivals) was conducted with experimental and control groups of 58 third-graders from Guangdong Province, China. We found MDST increased children’s learning outcomes and preferences towards learning about Chinese festivals. The MDST group showed larger gains in academic performance than the TST group – although they showed similar positive effects, they were more pronounced in the MDST group. Overall, MDST has substantial potential learning benefits, and multimedia digital technology can effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning about Chinese traditions and culture. The implications of using MDST for traditional culture and festival education and future research recommendations are discussed.
{"title":"From Traditional to Digital: Children’s Learning of Traditional Chinese Culture Through Festival-related Storytelling","authors":"Sharleen X Chen","doi":"10.3727/152599523x16957834460240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/152599523x16957834460240","url":null,"abstract":"Multimedia technology is a potentially efficient supplementary storytelling strategy. However, the effectiveness of multimedia storytelling for teaching about traditional festivals is unknown. We compared the effects of traditional storytelling (TST) and multimedia digital storytelling (MDST) on learning achievements, attitudes, and preferences towards studying traditional Chinese festivals. A quasi-experimental intervention (8-week lessons about two festivals) was conducted with experimental and control groups of 58 third-graders from Guangdong Province, China. We found MDST increased children’s learning outcomes and preferences towards learning about Chinese festivals. The MDST group showed larger gains in academic performance than the TST group – although they showed similar positive effects, they were more pronounced in the MDST group. Overall, MDST has substantial potential learning benefits, and multimedia digital technology can effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning about Chinese traditions and culture. The implications of using MDST for traditional culture and festival education and future research recommendations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47354,"journal":{"name":"EVENT MANAGEMENT","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135755127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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