African Development Review-Revue Africaine De Developpement最新文献

The study assesses the effects of fiscal policy on the financial bank quality intermediation in the WAEMU. To do so, the effects of the government securities ratio and the tax pressure rate on the NPL ratio are examined separately. The study uses panel data from WAEMU countries over the period 1990–2021 and ARDL modelling by the PMG estimator for basics estimates and the GM-FMOLS estimator for robustness. The public securities ratio improves the financial bank quality intermediation up to the maximum threshold of 47.5% of GDP. The tax pressure rate contributes to increasing the NPL ratio up to the maximum threshold of 17.06%. These results imply that a reform of banking regulation should encourage banks to hold a significant proportion of public securities, without crowding out the private sector. They also call on governments to implement measures to stimulate economic activity to absorb fiscal pressure. The study contributes to the literature and empirical effects of fiscal policy on the financial bank quality intermediation in the WAEMU while serving as a decision-making tool for governments and banking authorities in the management of NPLs in their lending activities and development.

Foreign financial inflows to Nigeria have risen in the last two decades. Currently, the country receives over one-third of remittance flows to sub-Saharan Africa and is one of Africa's top recipients of foreign aid with the health sector being a major target. Despite the substantial foreign inflows, health outcomes in Nigeria have not remarkably improved. This raises important questions about the effectiveness of foreign inflows in achieving better health outcomes in Nigeria. This article examines the effects of foreign inflows on health outcomes utilising different components of foreign inflows—aid and remittance. It also investigates the role of governance in the foreign inflows-health outcomes nexus using time series data from Nigeria covering the period 1984–2021. Results from the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model suggest that health aid has a limited impact on health outcomes, while remittance has been ineffective in driving improvements in health outcomes. Other factors, such as growth in real income per person, reduction in the emission of pollutants, such as carbon dioxide and improvements in governance, appear to be critical for improving health outcomes in the country.

Perceptions of democracy remain an important determinant of people's migration choices in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using cross-sectional data on 42,224 individuals, 21,137 of whom were women, from 31 Sub-Saharan African countries, this study examines the effect of women's perceptions of democracy on their desire to emigrate. The seemingly unrelated (SUR) bivariate probit method was used to analyze the data. This approach is used to deal with the potential endogeneity bias that arises when the dependent variable and the independent variable of interest are both endogenous and binary. The main finding of this study is that the more positive women's perceptions of democracy are, the less likely they are to want to emigrate. However, young women, educated women, and women who have experienced gender discrimination are more likely to want to emigrate. Consequently, Sub-Saharan African countries need to strengthen the democratization process by ensuring the effective independence of democratic institutions, the separation of powers, and the protection of human rights. This would encourage women to remain in their countries of origin and contribute to a better understanding of the political sources of migration.