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Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Economic Development Policy 创业生态系统与经济发展政策
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221142853
Haifeng Qian, Z. Acs
The authors discuss economic development policy facing the burgeoning entrepreneurial ecosystem research. They aim to answer four questions. First, how are entrepreneurial ecosystems different from regional innovation systems and clusters, two related frameworks that had been vastly popular among economic development policy makers prior to the rise of entrepreneurial ecosystems? Second, what are the key findings in the entrepreneurial ecosystem research that can guide economic development policy making? Third, how should economic development policy be adjusted under the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach? Finally, what does the ongoing debate on the geographical boundaries of entrepreneurial ecosystems mean for economic development policy?
作者讨论了经济发展政策面对新兴创业生态系统的研究。他们的目标是回答四个问题。首先,创业生态系统与区域创新系统和集群有何不同,这两个相关框架在创业生态系统兴起之前在经济发展决策者中非常受欢迎?其次,创业生态系统研究的关键发现是什么,可以指导经济发展政策的制定?第三,在创业生态系统方法下,经济发展政策应该如何调整?最后,目前关于创业生态系统地理边界的辩论对经济发展政策意味着什么?
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引用次数: 4
Policy, Empirical Analysis, and Equity: Challenges for Research 政策、实证分析与公平:研究的挑战
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221141892
Richard M. McGahey
Regional economic development research must engage with empirical questions and policy evaluations and America's underlying anti-urban bias, which shapes American cities and policy. Standard mathematical microeconomic-founded models are a limited guide to analysis and interpretation; empirical work should consider other disciplines in addition to diverse economic perspectives. Underlying structural factors may be difficult to analyze but need attention, including federal and state hostility to cities, fragmented metropolitan forms that maldistribute urban economic output, and structural racism's impact on economies, housing, and labor markets. Doing strong empirical work while de-emphasizing theory building seems the best way to proceed.
区域经济发展研究必须涉及实证问题和政策评估,以及美国潜在的反城市偏见,这种偏见塑造了美国的城市和政策。标准的数学微观经济学建立模型是一个有限的指导分析和解释;实证工作除了考虑不同的经济观点外,还应考虑其他学科。潜在的结构性因素可能难以分析,但需要注意,包括联邦和州对城市的敌意,分散的城市形式导致城市经济产出分配不均,以及结构性种族主义对经济、住房和劳动力市场的影响。在不强调理论构建的同时,进行强有力的实证研究似乎是最好的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Fixing Work, and Moving Beyond It 修复工作并超越它
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221141081
Cathy Yang Liu, Marc Doussard, N. Lowe
This commentary reviews the challenges facing both U.S. workers and the central place of work in economic development. As the Great Resignation demonstrates, work is not working well for large portions of the population. The authors review the diversification of workers and the diversification of work arrangements in recent decades, noting the immense challenges the system faces. They then shift focus to solutions, beginning with workplace development, or interventions to improve employment and productivity within the workplace. Finally, the authors consider universal public services and other investments that improve economic outcomes by addressing employees’ needs beyond work.
这篇评论回顾了美国工人和经济发展中心工作场所面临的挑战。正如大辞职所表明的那样,工作对大部分人口来说并不顺利。作者回顾了近几十年来工人的多样化和工作安排的多样化,指出了该系统面临的巨大挑战。然后,他们将重点转移到解决方案上,从工作场所的发展或改善工作场所就业和生产力的干预措施开始。最后,作者考虑了通过解决员工工作之外的需求来改善经济成果的普遍公共服务和其他投资。
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引用次数: 1
Can we “Claim” the Workforce? A Labor-Focused Agenda for Economic Development in the Face of an Uncertain Future 我们能“认领”劳动力吗?面对不确定的未来,以劳动为中心的经济发展议程
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221139483
K. Chapple, L. Schmahmann
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated three trends that were already transforming economic development theory and practice. A backlash to economic restructuring and inequality, driven by globalization and technology, is now manifesting in reshoring and union movements. The resurgence of small and midsized cities, originally driven by increasing housing costs in coastal cities, has been reinforced by a rise in remote work. The uncertainty of today's complex economy is exacerbating long-term challenges of tracking economic change, making “shoot anything that flies” more important than ever. These trends highlight the need to focus economic development on building and supporting the workforce.
新冠肺炎疫情加速了已经在转变经济发展理论和实践的三种趋势。在全球化和技术的推动下,对经济结构调整和不平等的强烈反对现在表现在回流和工会运动中。中小城市的复苏最初是由沿海城市住房成本的增加推动的,但远程工作的增加加强了这一复苏。当今复杂经济的不确定性加剧了追踪经济变化的长期挑战,使“射杀任何飞起来的东西”比以往任何时候都更重要。这些趋势凸显了将经济发展重点放在劳动力建设和支持上的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
How are Economic Development Districts Riding the Waves of Economic Development Strategies? 经济发展区如何驾驭经济发展战略的浪潮?
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221126918
Li Fang
Previous studies have examined the local adoption of various development strategies primarily by surveying economic development practitioners, although the survey method suffers from subjectivity and recollection errors. To overcome these problems, I adopt a text mining method to canvass the comprehensive economic development strategies (CEDSs) across economic development districts (EDDs) in the United States. Twenty-eight main development strategies are identified, most of which belong to the “second wave,” while the “fourth-wave” strategies—oriented toward social equity and sustainability—are popular enough to justify separation from the “third wave.” Moreover, EDDs combine various waves of strategies to form their strategy portfolios. Two main types of portfolios have been identified—one is dominated by the second-wave strategies, while the other is more balanced across four waves and places a focus on both second- and fourth-wave strategies.
先前的研究主要通过调查经济发展从业者来调查当地采取的各种发展战略,尽管调查方法存在主观性和回忆错误。为了克服这些问题,我采用文本挖掘的方法来研究美国各经济发展区的综合经济发展战略。确定了28个主要发展战略,其中大多数属于“第二波”,而面向社会公平和可持续性的“第四波”战略非常受欢迎,足以证明与“第三波”的分离是合理的。此外,EDD将各种战略组合在一起,形成其战略组合。已经确定了两种主要类型的投资组合——一种以第二波策略为主,而另一种在四波中更为平衡,并将重点放在第二波和第四波策略上。
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引用次数: 0
Seize the Time: Needed Research on Local Economic Development in an Era of Increased Attention to Problems of Place 抓紧时间:地方问题日益重视时代下地方经济发展的需要研究
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221140027
T. Bartik
Within the policy area of local economic development, this paper identifies five research needs: 1) better definitions of local labor markets; 2) policy know-how on how local economic development’s benefits can be spread to distressed neighborhoods; 3) evidence on what types of jobs have both good growth prospects and also provide long-run job opportunities for U.S. workers who lack a bachelor‘s degree; 4) estimates of how local worker skill-upgrading programs, or worker attraction programs, affect local labor market outcomes; and 5) more rigorous evaluation of both customized business services provided to individual firms and more comprehensive regional economic development strategies.
在地方经济发展的政策范围内,本文确定了五个研究需求:1)更好地定义当地劳动力市场;2)如何将当地经济发展的好处惠及贫困社区的政策诀窍;3)哪些类型的工作既具有良好的增长前景,又能为没有学士学位的美国工人提供长期就业机会的证据;4)估计当地工人技能提升计划或工人吸引计划如何影响当地劳动力市场的结果;5)对个体企业提供的定制业务服务和更全面的区域经济发展战略进行更严格的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Place-Based Small Business Support and its Implications for Neighborhood Revitalization 基于地方的小企业支持及其对社区振兴的影响
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221123501
Iuliia Shybalkina
Policy makers utilize various place-based interventions to reduce spatial inequality. In particular, there has been increasing attention to supporting small businesses in distressed places, but the lack of evidence makes it difficult to justify these public investments. The author investigates the Neighborhood Opportunity Fund (NOF), which has been providing grants for physical improvements to businesses in a low-income part of Chicago since 2017. Event studies are used to quantify the program's impacts on new business licenses, jobs, building permits, the commercial real estate market, and crime. The NOF increased construction and remodeling activity and decreased narcotics crimes around establishments receiving grants. Under some circumstances, it led to new business formation and increased demand for real estate. However, no evidence was found of a relationship between the NOF and jobs or total crimes in the larger area. This study is the first step to understanding how place-based small-business support programs affect neighborhoods.
决策者利用各种基于地点的干预措施来减少空间不平等。特别是,越来越多的人关注支持贫困地区的小企业,但缺乏证据使得很难证明这些公共投资是合理的。作者调查了邻里机会基金(NOF),该基金自2017年以来一直为芝加哥低收入地区的企业提供物理改善补助金。事件研究用于量化该计划对新营业执照、就业、建筑许可、商业房地产市场和犯罪的影响。NOF增加了建筑和改造活动,并减少了接受赠款的场所周围的毒品犯罪。在某些情况下,它导致了新的业务形成,增加了对房地产的需求。然而,在更大范围内,没有证据表明不记名与工作或总犯罪之间存在关系。这项研究是了解基于地方的小企业支持计划如何影响社区的第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation Districts and Community Building: An Effective Strategy for Community Economic Development? 创新区与社区建设:社区经济发展的有效策略?
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221120016
C. M. Kayanan, J. Drucker, H. Renski
Innovation districts are being advocated for their potential to create or revitalize communities, produce neighborhoods with housing near work, and benefit surrounding communities by creating jobs for a wide range of skill sets. However, these aspirations are often mismatched with the application of innovation districts. Analyzing four innovation districts (Boston, Detroit, St. Louis, and San Diego), we demonstrate how the direction of innovation district development determines whether community goals are realized. Promoting innovation involves prioritizing high-skilled workers. When real estate development takes center stage, market demands become the focus. The construction of high-end housing, entertainment, and retail amenities may leave affordable housing options for lower-skilled workers as secondary considerations. Surging real estate prices within and around an innovation district can eventually push out long-standing residents, further negating the innovation district as a space for a diversity of people, ages, resources, and amenities.
创新区因其创造或振兴社区的潜力而受到推崇,在工作场所附近建造住宅区,并通过为各种技能组合创造就业机会,使周边社区受益。然而,这些愿望往往与创新区的应用不匹配。通过对四个创新区(波士顿、底特律、圣路易斯和圣地亚哥)的分析,我们展示了创新区发展的方向如何决定社区目标能否实现。促进创新需要优先考虑高技能工人。当房地产开发成为焦点时,市场需求成为焦点。高端住宅、娱乐和零售设施的建设可能会让低技能工人的经济适用房成为次要考虑因素。创新区内部及周边不断上涨的房地产价格最终会赶走长期居民,进一步否定创新区作为一个容纳各种人口、年龄、资源和便利设施的空间。
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引用次数: 1
Introduction to the Special Issue on Rural Economic Development: New Research Insights and how the COVID-19 Pandemic may Impact Future Investment Strategies. 农村经济发展特刊导言:新的研究见解以及COVID-19大流行如何影响未来投资战略。
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221108375
Martin Lavelle
I’ve always had a natural curiosity about small towns and how rural communities function. As a child, my family and I often visited my maternal grandparents’ house in a small town located in a nonmetro county in Southwestern Ohio. As my maternal grandparents and parents dragged me along to seemingly every antique shop on or in the vicinity of the National Road corridor between Southwest Ohio and East Central Indiana, I frequently wondered how these small towns survived. I’m certain others who visit these towns and rural areas share my concern. I figured that the income derived from farming combined with the amount of business conducted by the local Main Street businesses must be enough to support these small towns and the surrounding rural population. Like me, you may have asked the same questions about small towns and rural communities, but with a greater awareness as to the challenges rural geographies face. Every now and then, I’m fortunate to be invited to speak about the economy at one of northern Michigan’s popular tourist towns or resorts. Trips to these towns and resorts require several hours of driving through the state’s vast tracts of rural land. During the trip, I’ll drive by beautiful parks, thriving diners, and the well-maintained lawns in front of vintage-style homes that show the pride residents have in the town in which they live. Unfortunately, I would also see abandoned warehouses, idled manufacturing facilities, foreclosed homes, blighted apartment buildings, and dilapidated tourist attractions from days gone by. When these conditions are present in a major city, for instance Detroit, they draw regional and national attention that catalyzes coordinated campaigns involving multiple philanthropists, foundations, and government officials to revitalize the city and restore the city’s attractiveness. But rural geographies don’t garner national attention or necessarily have access to a deep base of philanthropies, nonprofit organizations, or even government support they can draw upon to try and execute economic development strategies that would jumpstart economic activity in their respective communities. While researchers have produced an incredible amount of literature on how to promote economic development in rural areas, rural stakeholders and community leaders may not be aware of the body of research that is available or bestpromising practices that have been used to improve economic conditions in other rural communities. For example, should a rural community utilize a place-based strategy that looks to improve the quality of life in a location, making it more attractive for people to stay, or a people-based strategy that provides direct assistance to the disaffected population, potentially allowing them to move outside of the challenged area? The desire to assist rural communities in their efforts to increase economic activity and promote development led to a partnership between the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
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引用次数: 0
Can Tax Increment Financing Benefit U.S. Rust Belt Communities? 税收增量融资能使美国“锈带”社区受益吗?
IF 1.5 4区 经济学 Q3 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/08912424221112080
Komla D. Dzigbede, Rahul Pathak
Place-based economic policies and value-capture instruments are resurging in many American communities looking for alternative ways to fund infrastructure projects and support local economic revival. Using principal component methods, the authors construct an index for identifying distressed neighborhoods to enable the targeting of place-based policies involving tax increment financing (TIF). In addition, the authors use the Monte Carlo method to simulate the impact of a TIF intervention on employment and property values in neighborhoods. The analysis focuses on Broome County in upstate New York, a region that witnessed massive deindustrialization as manufacturing firms moved to other states and overseas. The authors find that a significant fraction of neighborhoods in the study area would qualify for TIF-type policies that would lead to significant improvements in property values and, likely, modest employment effects.
基于地方的经济政策和价值捕获工具正在许多美国社区复兴,寻找其他方式来资助基础设施项目和支持当地经济复兴。使用主成分方法,作者构建了一个识别贫困社区的指数,以实现涉及税收增量融资(TIF)的基于地方的政策的目标。此外,作者使用蒙特卡罗方法模拟TIF干预对社区就业和财产价值的影响。分析的重点是纽约州北部的布鲁姆县,随着制造业公司转移到其他州和海外,该地区出现了大规模的去工业化。作者发现,研究区域内有相当一部分社区有资格享受TIF类型的政策,这将显著提高房地产价值,并可能对就业产生适度影响。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Economic Development Quarterly
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