Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1177/08912424221112074
David Albouy, Heejin Kim
The authors estimate the value of public infrastructure using a panel of rural and urban counties in the United States from 1970 to 2012. Regression estimates imply public infrastructure increases employment more in urban counties, while improving property values more in rural ones; positive effects on income are similar. Spatial equilibrium modeling suggests public capital has similar quality-of-life and productivity benefits in urban and rural areas but does more to reduce costs of providing housing in urban ones. While public investments in rural and urban counties appear to pass conventional cost–benefit tests, dollar-per-dollar they are more valuable in urban counties.
{"title":"The Value of Rural and Urban Public Infrastructure","authors":"David Albouy, Heejin Kim","doi":"10.1177/08912424221112074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221112074","url":null,"abstract":"The authors estimate the value of public infrastructure using a panel of rural and urban counties in the United States from 1970 to 2012. Regression estimates imply public infrastructure increases employment more in urban counties, while improving property values more in rural ones; positive effects on income are similar. Spatial equilibrium modeling suggests public capital has similar quality-of-life and productivity benefits in urban and rural areas but does more to reduce costs of providing housing in urban ones. While public investments in rural and urban counties appear to pass conventional cost–benefit tests, dollar-per-dollar they are more valuable in urban counties.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"177 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49303673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1177/08912424221109197
P. Gordon
{"title":"Book Review: Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler","authors":"P. Gordon","doi":"10.1177/08912424221109197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221109197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"388 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1177/08912424221109437
Elsie Harper-Anderson
The skills gap has been a topic of heated debate among economists, economic development scholars, and policy makers. In particular, the middle-skills gap has received much attention. Some of the most prominent questions are whether there is a skills gap, which occupations or industries are involved, and how we fix it. In Putting Skill to Work, Nichola Lowe argues that workforce intermediaries can play a crucial role in connecting job seekers to work and partnering with employers to create internal pathways for career advancement for both new hires and incumbent workers. She argues that intermediaries can help employers understand the need to upgrade skills and create career paths for workers who hold lower-level positions. In her view, the key is reimagining, reinterpreting, and restructuring around skills. An underlying theme that runs throughout the book is the role of workforce intermediaries in ensuring that technological innovations do not leave less-educated workers behind. Using a combination of vignettes and case studies, Lowe breaks down how the worker-centered approach is implemented in practice, focusing on manufacturing firms and intermediaries with whom she has worked over the past 20-plus years. Her argument commences with the proclamation that “America has a skill problem” (p. 1). She goes on to explain that, while large firms provide more training than smaller ones, the majority of firms are small. Small firms are more likely to have low-wage jobs filled by people with little education and have fewer resources and less incentive to train them, thus creating “the great training paradox,” leading to increased inequality. In Chapter 1, Lowe recounts the story of a single mother, Maddie, who is stuck in a low-wage job with few prospects for mobility. She uses Maddie’s story to unpack the complexity of the skill issue and to explain her theory on why there is a problem. Lowe hones in on the assumption by many that higher education, such as a college degree, is the solution to Maddie’s dilemma. She reasons that Maddie has many critical skills to successfully do her job, but these are overlooked by her employer because of her lack of education. A key tenet put forth in the book is that skill is a problem of employment rather than education. She reasons that employers often rely too heavily on credentials as a way of determining who has the required skills and who does not. However, skills, particularly in manufacturing, are not necessarily obvious based on a person’s level of education. Lowe reasons that employers should invest more effort in recognizing and improving the skills of their workers, adding that “[S] kill development is not simply a precursor to accessing a good job ... [R]ather skill development is constitutive of a quality job” (p. 8). The intermediaries that Lowe highlights help firms deepen their commitment to skill development by formalizing internal mechanisms for recognizing and rewarding work-based learning and occup
{"title":"Book Review: Putting Skill to Work: How to Create Good Jobs in Uncertain Times by Nichola Lowe","authors":"Elsie Harper-Anderson","doi":"10.1177/08912424221109437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221109437","url":null,"abstract":"The skills gap has been a topic of heated debate among economists, economic development scholars, and policy makers. In particular, the middle-skills gap has received much attention. Some of the most prominent questions are whether there is a skills gap, which occupations or industries are involved, and how we fix it. In Putting Skill to Work, Nichola Lowe argues that workforce intermediaries can play a crucial role in connecting job seekers to work and partnering with employers to create internal pathways for career advancement for both new hires and incumbent workers. She argues that intermediaries can help employers understand the need to upgrade skills and create career paths for workers who hold lower-level positions. In her view, the key is reimagining, reinterpreting, and restructuring around skills. An underlying theme that runs throughout the book is the role of workforce intermediaries in ensuring that technological innovations do not leave less-educated workers behind. Using a combination of vignettes and case studies, Lowe breaks down how the worker-centered approach is implemented in practice, focusing on manufacturing firms and intermediaries with whom she has worked over the past 20-plus years. Her argument commences with the proclamation that “America has a skill problem” (p. 1). She goes on to explain that, while large firms provide more training than smaller ones, the majority of firms are small. Small firms are more likely to have low-wage jobs filled by people with little education and have fewer resources and less incentive to train them, thus creating “the great training paradox,” leading to increased inequality. In Chapter 1, Lowe recounts the story of a single mother, Maddie, who is stuck in a low-wage job with few prospects for mobility. She uses Maddie’s story to unpack the complexity of the skill issue and to explain her theory on why there is a problem. Lowe hones in on the assumption by many that higher education, such as a college degree, is the solution to Maddie’s dilemma. She reasons that Maddie has many critical skills to successfully do her job, but these are overlooked by her employer because of her lack of education. A key tenet put forth in the book is that skill is a problem of employment rather than education. She reasons that employers often rely too heavily on credentials as a way of determining who has the required skills and who does not. However, skills, particularly in manufacturing, are not necessarily obvious based on a person’s level of education. Lowe reasons that employers should invest more effort in recognizing and improving the skills of their workers, adding that “[S] kill development is not simply a precursor to accessing a good job ... [R]ather skill development is constitutive of a quality job” (p. 8). The intermediaries that Lowe highlights help firms deepen their commitment to skill development by formalizing internal mechanisms for recognizing and rewarding work-based learning and occup","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"385 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1177/08912424221109221
G. Mulligan
From the research of people like William Garrison (geography, planning) and Harrison White (anthropology, sociology), various aspects of graph theory and network analysis —addressing accessibility and centrality of nodes, allocating new observations to groups or regions, and assigning flows to route paths—became known to social scientists by the late 1960s (Haggett & Chorley, 1969). Other studies, using matrix algebra, revealed how different processes might unfold over time across demographic, social, and economic systems (Gale, 1960; Keyfitz, 1977; Rogers, 1971). Subsequently, the network perspective has shed much new light on a variety of socioeconomic issues at the urban (or metropolitan) scale, including the matching of supply and demand in regional labor markets; the effects of first-, second-, and higher-order adjacency in spatial estimation; the price and location adjustments of spatial rivals in retailing; the nature of differential ties in migration streams and acquaintanceship circles; the role of hierarchy in the decisions, transactions, and information exchanges of agents; and the sizes of input–output multipliers in both intraand interregional settings. The modern study of connectivity among global cities began in earnest with Peter Hall’s reflections on the employment shifts recently seen in very large and influential places —especially London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo—where, by the 1970s, nearly all traditional manufacturing had departed “offshore,” most routine services had migrated to the suburbs or beyond, and various high-level functions (including producer and financial services), all still dependent on face-to-face contact and cheap communications, were becoming increasingly dominant (Hall, 1966). Follow-up research by John Friedmann, Saskia Sassen, Peter Taylor, and others traced the features and implications of these changes; here, Allen Scott (2001) provides a very useful summary. In the past two decades, global research has focused more on the various ways that public and private agents (e.g., firms, research labs, and universities) unevenly interact across space, both within and among large cities (Brenner, 2019; Storper et al., 2015). Until COVID-19, the general background was a period of ascendant globalization, albeit one with pauses, where the behaviors of agents evolved but generally adapted over time, even with the emergence of new and disruptive transportation and communications technologies (Baldwin, 2016). ThisHandbook, comprised of 29 chapters spread over five sections, is edited by Zachary Neal, a psychologist, and Céline Rozenblat, a geographer. The 53 contributors come from 14 nations, including the United States (20), United Kingdom (12), Australia (3), People’s Republic of China (3), France (3), and nine others (12). The disciplinary homes of these scholars are not noted but many have been drawn from the classics, spatial sciences (geography), mathematical ecology, and physics. Economists, perhaps traine
{"title":"Book Review: Handbook of Cities and Networks. Research Handbooks in Urban Studies by Neal, Z. & Rozenblat, C. (Eds.)","authors":"G. Mulligan","doi":"10.1177/08912424221109221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221109221","url":null,"abstract":"From the research of people like William Garrison (geography, planning) and Harrison White (anthropology, sociology), various aspects of graph theory and network analysis —addressing accessibility and centrality of nodes, allocating new observations to groups or regions, and assigning flows to route paths—became known to social scientists by the late 1960s (Haggett & Chorley, 1969). Other studies, using matrix algebra, revealed how different processes might unfold over time across demographic, social, and economic systems (Gale, 1960; Keyfitz, 1977; Rogers, 1971). Subsequently, the network perspective has shed much new light on a variety of socioeconomic issues at the urban (or metropolitan) scale, including the matching of supply and demand in regional labor markets; the effects of first-, second-, and higher-order adjacency in spatial estimation; the price and location adjustments of spatial rivals in retailing; the nature of differential ties in migration streams and acquaintanceship circles; the role of hierarchy in the decisions, transactions, and information exchanges of agents; and the sizes of input–output multipliers in both intraand interregional settings. The modern study of connectivity among global cities began in earnest with Peter Hall’s reflections on the employment shifts recently seen in very large and influential places —especially London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo—where, by the 1970s, nearly all traditional manufacturing had departed “offshore,” most routine services had migrated to the suburbs or beyond, and various high-level functions (including producer and financial services), all still dependent on face-to-face contact and cheap communications, were becoming increasingly dominant (Hall, 1966). Follow-up research by John Friedmann, Saskia Sassen, Peter Taylor, and others traced the features and implications of these changes; here, Allen Scott (2001) provides a very useful summary. In the past two decades, global research has focused more on the various ways that public and private agents (e.g., firms, research labs, and universities) unevenly interact across space, both within and among large cities (Brenner, 2019; Storper et al., 2015). Until COVID-19, the general background was a period of ascendant globalization, albeit one with pauses, where the behaviors of agents evolved but generally adapted over time, even with the emergence of new and disruptive transportation and communications technologies (Baldwin, 2016). ThisHandbook, comprised of 29 chapters spread over five sections, is edited by Zachary Neal, a psychologist, and Céline Rozenblat, a geographer. The 53 contributors come from 14 nations, including the United States (20), United Kingdom (12), Australia (3), People’s Republic of China (3), France (3), and nine others (12). The disciplinary homes of these scholars are not noted but many have been drawn from the classics, spatial sciences (geography), mathematical ecology, and physics. Economists, perhaps traine","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"390 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65895136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.1177/08912424221103556
Benjamin W. Heumann, Marcello Graziano, Maurizio Fiaschetti
This study demonstrates the application of affinity propagation as a data-driven approach to identifying and mapping typologies of place along the urban-rural continuum. The authors characterize Zip Code Tabulation Areas using demographic, economic, land cover, and accessibility to transportation infrastructure, which results in 22 clusters, 15 of which have a major rural component. The spatial pattern of these clusters varies, reflecting the heterogeneity in U.S. rurality. Rural is not a single concept that can be simply defined by population density. By comparing three economic indicators before and after the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2012, the authors find that the degree of economic recovery is captured by rural typologies. They compare both the methodological results and analysis of socioeconomic resilience to two of the most used threshold-based regional typologies, one developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service and one used by the American Communities Project.
{"title":"A Data-Driven Algorithm to Redefine the U.S. Rural Landscape: Affinity Propagation as a Mixed-Data/Mixed-Method Tool","authors":"Benjamin W. Heumann, Marcello Graziano, Maurizio Fiaschetti","doi":"10.1177/08912424221103556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221103556","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates the application of affinity propagation as a data-driven approach to identifying and mapping typologies of place along the urban-rural continuum. The authors characterize Zip Code Tabulation Areas using demographic, economic, land cover, and accessibility to transportation infrastructure, which results in 22 clusters, 15 of which have a major rural component. The spatial pattern of these clusters varies, reflecting the heterogeneity in U.S. rurality. Rural is not a single concept that can be simply defined by population density. By comparing three economic indicators before and after the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2012, the authors find that the degree of economic recovery is captured by rural typologies. They compare both the methodological results and analysis of socioeconomic resilience to two of the most used threshold-based regional typologies, one developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service and one used by the American Communities Project.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"294 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.1177/08912424221094496
Christiana K. McFarland, Erica H. Grabowski
This article proposes a new economic development framework – regional economic connectivity – to address the deep and growing urban-rural divide. Regional economic connectivity calls attention to the benefits to local communities of fostering connectivity to industry clusters and economic specializations that are already present in their broader regions. This analysis examines the relationship between growth and connectivity across all U.S. counties and their regions from 2010 to 2016 and finds that local cluster employment grows faster when those jobs are part of regional clusters. The magnitude of the relationship between growth and connectivity varies across the urban-rural hierarchy, with particularly strong results for micropolitan communities. A targeted analysis of Virginia is presented to illustrate these trends and implications for practice.
{"title":"Local Employment Impacts of Connectivity to Regional Economies: The Role of Industry Clusters in Bridging the Urban-Rural Divide","authors":"Christiana K. McFarland, Erica H. Grabowski","doi":"10.1177/08912424221094496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221094496","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a new economic development framework – regional economic connectivity – to address the deep and growing urban-rural divide. Regional economic connectivity calls attention to the benefits to local communities of fostering connectivity to industry clusters and economic specializations that are already present in their broader regions. This analysis examines the relationship between growth and connectivity across all U.S. counties and their regions from 2010 to 2016 and finds that local cluster employment grows faster when those jobs are part of regional clusters. The magnitude of the relationship between growth and connectivity varies across the urban-rural hierarchy, with particularly strong results for micropolitan communities. A targeted analysis of Virginia is presented to illustrate these trends and implications for practice.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"317 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43943038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01Epub Date: 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1177/08912424221089918
Mahesh Somashekhar, James Buszkiewicz, Scott W Allard, Jennifer Romich
Minimum wage opponents often argue that businesses owned by marginalized communities, which include woman-owned, Black-owned, and immigrant-owned businesses, are exceptionally vulnerable to minimum wage increases. Little research has investigated this claim. Using a unique survey of Seattle businesses that includes owners' nativity status and was administered while the city began to phase in its $15 minimum wage ordinance, the authors find that immigrant-owned businesses respond to the higher minimum wage in ways that largely conform to the responses of other businesses. Nevertheless, immigrant-owned franchises are less likely than other franchises to fire employees, reduce employees' hours, or lower the wages of employees earning more than $15 per hour. Evidence suggests that immigrant franchisees have a lower likelihood of passing the increased labor costs onto employees because they use fewer employees and rely more heavily on family labor compared to other franchisees. The authors' findings suggest that firms owned by marginalized and nonmarginalized groups respond to municipal-level minimum wage increases in comparable ways. Nevertheless, marginalized status may matter more in certain sectors of the economy than in others.
{"title":"How Do Employers Belonging to Marginalized Communities Respond to Minimum Wage Increases? The Case of Immigrant-Owned Businesses in Seattle.","authors":"Mahesh Somashekhar, James Buszkiewicz, Scott W Allard, Jennifer Romich","doi":"10.1177/08912424221089918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08912424221089918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Minimum wage opponents often argue that businesses owned by marginalized communities, which include woman-owned, Black-owned, and immigrant-owned businesses, are exceptionally vulnerable to minimum wage increases. Little research has investigated this claim. Using a unique survey of Seattle businesses that includes owners' nativity status and was administered while the city began to phase in its $15 minimum wage ordinance, the authors find that immigrant-owned businesses respond to the higher minimum wage in ways that largely conform to the responses of other businesses. Nevertheless, immigrant-owned <i>franchises</i> are less likely than other franchises to fire employees, reduce employees' hours, or lower the wages of employees earning more than $15 per hour. Evidence suggests that immigrant franchisees have a lower likelihood of passing the increased labor costs onto employees because they use fewer employees and rely more heavily on family labor compared to other franchisees. The authors' findings suggest that firms owned by marginalized and nonmarginalized groups respond to municipal-level minimum wage increases in comparable ways. Nevertheless, marginalized status may matter more in certain sectors of the economy than in others.</p>","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"108-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/08912424221086927
Yasuyuki Yas Motoyama
We are starting to understand the magnitude of economic damage from the COVID-19 pandemic. Current estimates cover the national or state level, but tell us little about how massive business closures may be affecting urban vitality at the intrametropolitan level. A particular concern is whether urban areas with high poor or minority populations are more deeply affected. This paper combines InfoGroup Historic Business Data and Google Map API to analyze business closures at the neighborhood level in Franklin County, Ohio, encompassing the Columbus Metropolitan Area. As expected, retail and restaurant sectors had the highest number of closures, but closure rates were higher in other sectors. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes reveal that downtown Columbus has been severely affected, but no disadvantaging effect for communities of color or neighborhoods with concentrations of poor residents is found to be statistically significant.
{"title":"Is COVID-19 Causing More Business Closures in Poor and Minority Neighborhoods?","authors":"Yasuyuki Yas Motoyama","doi":"10.1177/08912424221086927","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08912424221086927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are starting to understand the magnitude of economic damage from the COVID-19 pandemic. Current estimates cover the national or state level, but tell us little about how massive business closures may be affecting urban vitality at the intrametropolitan level. A particular concern is whether urban areas with high poor or minority populations are more deeply affected. This paper combines InfoGroup Historic Business Data and Google Map API to analyze business closures at the neighborhood level in Franklin County, Ohio, encompassing the Columbus Metropolitan Area. As expected, retail and restaurant sectors had the highest number of closures, but closure rates were higher in other sectors. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes reveal that downtown Columbus has been severely affected, but no disadvantaging effect for communities of color or neighborhoods with concentrations of poor residents is found to be statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 2","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8922045/pdf/10.1177_08912424221086927.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9921988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1177/08912424221083023
C. Brinkley, Marjory Anne Visser
Because of large acreages, sparse populations, and distinct sociopolitical dynamics, many rural communities are beginning to assemble their own sets of economic indicators to fit unique policy agendas. This review summarizes over 30 years of practical efforts from six regions that created economic development reports. Reports cover 60% of the nonmetro counties in the United States. Over half the reports were issued in the last 5 years. To understand distinctions between scholarly efforts and how communities leverage publicly available data sets toward policy objectives, the authors compare the rural, regional economic development reports assembled through community partnerships with indicators recommended in rural wealth creation literature. The authors identify a gap in scholarship and practice with implications for how practitioners and researchers conceptualize the creation of wealth in rural areas and conclude with best-practice approaches to co-creating rural economic indicator reports, especially where data can be tailored precisely to rural areas.
{"title":"Socioeconomic and Environmental Indicators for Rural Communities: Bridging the Scholarly and Practice Gap","authors":"C. Brinkley, Marjory Anne Visser","doi":"10.1177/08912424221083023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221083023","url":null,"abstract":"Because of large acreages, sparse populations, and distinct sociopolitical dynamics, many rural communities are beginning to assemble their own sets of economic indicators to fit unique policy agendas. This review summarizes over 30 years of practical efforts from six regions that created economic development reports. Reports cover 60% of the nonmetro counties in the United States. Over half the reports were issued in the last 5 years. To understand distinctions between scholarly efforts and how communities leverage publicly available data sets toward policy objectives, the authors compare the rural, regional economic development reports assembled through community partnerships with indicators recommended in rural wealth creation literature. The authors identify a gap in scholarship and practice with implications for how practitioners and researchers conceptualize the creation of wealth in rural areas and conclude with best-practice approaches to co-creating rural economic indicator reports, especially where data can be tailored precisely to rural areas.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"75 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41736141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1177/08912424221085934
Mikhail Ivonchyk
Governments use economic development incentives to attract new investment and retain existing businesses. Empirical evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive. This research tests the effect of incentives on the number of firms, employees, and their payroll in a longitudinal study of all county governments in the state of Georgia over 16 years. It incorporates a comprehensive set of incentives offered by counties to attract and retain businesses and accounts for the frequency of their use and financing level. Empirical findings indicate that industrial development bonds are significantly associated with the number of firms in the average county. This association is stronger in rural areas and not significant in urban counties. Subsidies, on the other hand, tend to be negatively associated with the number of firms in urban counties, but not in rural counties. No incentive is significantly correlated with firm employees or payroll.
{"title":"Local Economic Development Policies and Business Activity: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of All County Governments in the State of Georgia","authors":"Mikhail Ivonchyk","doi":"10.1177/08912424221085934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424221085934","url":null,"abstract":"Governments use economic development incentives to attract new investment and retain existing businesses. Empirical evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive. This research tests the effect of incentives on the number of firms, employees, and their payroll in a longitudinal study of all county governments in the state of Georgia over 16 years. It incorporates a comprehensive set of incentives offered by counties to attract and retain businesses and accounts for the frequency of their use and financing level. Empirical findings indicate that industrial development bonds are significantly associated with the number of firms in the average county. This association is stronger in rural areas and not significant in urban counties. Subsidies, on the other hand, tend to be negatively associated with the number of firms in urban counties, but not in rural counties. No incentive is significantly correlated with firm employees or payroll.","PeriodicalId":47367,"journal":{"name":"Economic Development Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"92 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48402119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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