Explorations in Economic History最新文献

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Delegating governmental authority to private actors: Lordships, state capacity and development 将政府权力下放给私人行为者：领主、国家能力和发展

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101737

Daniel Oto-Peralías

This paper investigates the consequences of delegating governmental authority to private actors through the study of lordships, a pivotal political institution in historical Europe. I first document a negative relationship between being a seigneurial town and central state capacity in ancien-regime Spain. Next, I focus on the Kingdom of Granada after its conquest by Castile in 1492 to leverage on that the initial distribution of lordships was conditionally exogenous, with the results corroborating the negative effect of lordships on state capacity. I further show two additional important results. First, the effect is very persistent, with former lordships towns featuring less state capacity almost a century after the abolition of the seigneurial regime. Second, there is a non-monotonic effect on economic growth. Contrary to conventional wisdom, lordships towns did not underperform royal towns during the Ancien Régime. Yet, despite not having started with disadvantage, former seigneurial towns experienced lower population growth from the 1910s onwards, a period in which the Spanish state started to play a bigger investment role. Thus, towns with historically less state presence benefited less from state’s investments, lagging behind.

本文通过对贵族制度的研究，探讨了将政府权力委托给私人行为者的后果，贵族制度是历史上欧洲的一个关键政治制度。我首先记录了在西班牙古代政权中，作为一个宗主国城镇和中央国家能力之间的负相关关系。接下来，我将重点放在1492年被卡斯蒂利亚征服后的格拉纳达王国，以利用爵位的初始分配是有条件的外生的，结果证实了爵位对国家能力的负面影响。我进一步展示了另外两个重要的结果。首先，这种影响是非常持久的，在领主制度废除近一个世纪后，前领主城镇的国家能力仍在下降。第二，对经济增长有非单调效应。与传统观点相反，在古代革命时期，领主城镇的表现并不逊于皇家城镇。然而，尽管并非一开始就处于劣势，但从20世纪10年代开始，前领主城镇的人口增长速度较低，而在此期间，西班牙政府开始发挥更大的投资作用。因此，历史上国家存在较少的城镇从国家投资中受益较少，落后。

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引用次数: 0

The economic functions of extrajudicial violence in the Jim Crow South 法外暴力在南方种族歧视中的经济功能

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101735

Mark Stelzner , William Darity Jr.

In this paper, we analyze the direct economic functions of White-on-Black violence in the Jim Crow South. As we will see, White-on-Black violence was used to control Black labor and to seize gains made by Black agriculturalists. We find that White-on-Black lynchings during the pre-harvest period were used by White landlords to increase the total amount of man-hours expended by Black sharecroppers. We also find that the occurrence of one or more White-on-Black lynchings in a given county is associated with a 1.9 percent decrease in Black landownership in the same county in each of the three years following said lynching, and we find that the 1912 Forsyth Massacre and the 1906 Atlanta Massacre had even larger effects. Given the high frequency of White-on-Black violence in the Jim Crow South, the impact on Black labor and the cumulative effect on Black landownership and town and city property were huge.

在本文中，我们分析了白人对黑人暴力的直接经济功能。正如我们将看到的，白人对黑人的暴力被用来控制黑人劳工和夺取黑人农学家的成果。我们发现，白人地主在收获前使用白人对黑人的私刑来增加黑人佃农所花费的总工时。我们还发现，在一个特定的县发生一次或多次白人对黑人的私刑，与该县黑人土地所有权在上述私刑之后的三年中每年下降1.9%有关，我们发现1912年福赛斯大屠杀和1906年亚特兰大大屠杀的影响更大。考虑到南方种族隔离地区白人对黑人的暴力事件频发，这对黑人劳动力的影响以及对黑人土地所有权和城镇财产的累积影响是巨大的。

引用次数: 0

Missing markets. Microstructure and liquidity on the London Stock Exchange 缺失市场的微观结构和伦敦证券交易所的流动性

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101736

Rui Esteves , Gabriel Geisler Mesevage

This paper studies the behavior of specialist dealers operating in the London Stock Exchange in the 1870s. The LSE was a free-entry exclusive dealers market, where dealers were free to choose which securities to deal in. We show that dealers concentrated their market making in the most liquid securities. A combination of adverse selection and inventory costs prevented the development of liquid markets in most securities, with dealers opting instead to provide matchmaking services. Our results call for a reappreciation of the liquidity of the London market and offer a new interpretation of stylized facts about the Victorian investor behavior.

本文研究了19世纪70年代在伦敦证券交易所运作的专业交易商的行为。伦敦证交所是一个自由进入的独家交易商市场，交易商可以自由选择交易哪种证券。我们表明，交易商集中在流动性最强的证券做市。逆向选择和库存成本的结合阻碍了大多数证券流动性市场的发展，交易商转而选择提供撮合服务。我们的研究结果要求对伦敦市场的流动性进行重新评估，并对维多利亚时代投资者行为的风格化事实提供新的解释。

引用次数: 0

Inequality, economic stress, and demographic response: Introduction 不平等、经济压力和人口反应：导论

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101711

Tommy Bengtsson , Cameron Campbell

引用次数: 0

Can the Great Compression be explained by Wartime Wage Controls? 大压缩可以用战时工资控制来解释吗？

IF 2.6 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101691

Chris Vickers , Nicolas L. Ziebarth

The wage controls of the National War Labor Board (NWLB) have been credited with contributing to the decline in income inequality from 1940 to 1950 that occurred along many different dimensions including across regions and occupations. We calculate an upper bound for the effect of the NWLB during this decade by assuming the controls were maximally binding. At the upper bound, the controls could explain an important fraction of cross-region convergence, but they likely had little effect on inequality between occupations. Moreover, because of sorting by race and education into occupations, the controls cannot explain much of the narrowing of the educational skill premium nor the racial gap. We conclude that the controls are not a “one size fits all” explanation for the Great Compression.

国家战争劳工委员会（NWLB）的工资控制被认为对1940年至1950年期间收入不平等的下降做出了贡献，这种不平等发生在许多不同的方面，包括跨地区和职业。通过假设控制具有最大的约束力，我们计算了NWLB在这十年中影响的上限。在上限上，控制可以解释跨地区收敛的重要部分，但它们可能对职业之间的不平等几乎没有影响。此外，由于按种族和受教育程度对职业进行分类，这些控制在很大程度上不能解释教育技能溢价和种族差距缩小的原因。我们得出的结论是，这些控制措施并不是大压缩的“一刀切”解释。

引用次数: 0

Rails of Progress? Exploring the nexus between railroad access and innovation in Italy (19th-20th centuries) 进步的轨道？探索意大利铁路通道与创新之间的关系（19 -20世纪）

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101718

Marco Martinez , Alessandro Nuvolari , Michelangelo Vasta

This paper provides new evidence on the nexus between railroads and inventive activities in Italy in the period 1861–1936. We develop two new georeferenced datasets on railroad stations and patents covering about 8,000 municipalities. By adopting a staggered difference in differences identification strategy, we show that the impact of railroad construction on innovation is noticeable for the first wave of construction of the period of the Destra storica (1861–1878), when the network was expanded following a state building strategy. However, these effects became noticeable only after two decades and concern mostly independent inventors and low-quality patents. Finally, we show that railroad access fostered innovation, particularly in locations with more advanced pre-existing capabilities.

本文为1861-1936年间意大利铁路与发明活动之间的联系提供了新的证据。我们开发了两个新的火车站地理参考数据集和覆盖约8000个城市的专利。通过采用差异识别策略中的交错差异，我们发现铁路建设对创新的影响在“历史之国”时期（1861-1878）的第一波建设浪潮中是显著的，当时铁路网络按照国家建设战略进行扩张。然而，这些影响在20年后才变得明显，并且主要涉及独立发明者和低质量专利。最后，我们表明，铁路通道促进了创新，特别是在拥有更先进的现有能力的地区。

引用次数: 0

Catholicism in early 20th century China: A re-examination 20世纪初中国天主教：再考察

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101719

Ningning Ma , Yiling Zhao

The impact of Catholic missions on modern China’s development remains understudied, unlike that of their Protestant counterparts. This gap in research stems from not only the influence of Weber’s Protestant-ethic thesis but also practical research barriers, as Catholic mission locations are often recorded at sub-county levels or using non-standardized Romanization. This paper introduces two methods to improve geocoding in such cases: cross-referencing local gazetteers and developing a phonetic cross-walk to standardized Romanization. While using publicly available GIS data locate only 47.4% of church sites, our method can be used to identify an additional 39.6% of these sites. This enhanced precision enables a re-interpretation of Catholic missions’ impact in modern China, particularly in comparison with Protestant missions.

与新教不同，天主教传教对现代中国发展的影响仍未得到充分研究。这种研究上的差距不仅源于韦伯新教伦理理论的影响，也源于实际研究的障碍，因为天主教传教地点通常记录在县以下级别或使用非标准化的罗马化。本文介绍了在这种情况下改进地理编码的两种方法：交叉引用地方地名词典和开发标准化罗马化的语音交叉路径。虽然使用公开可用的GIS数据只能定位47.4%的教堂遗址，但我们的方法可以用于识别这些遗址的另外39.6%。这种精确度的提高使我们能够重新解释天主教传教在现代中国的影响，特别是与新教传教进行比较。

引用次数: 0

Credibility is not enough: Fiscal monetization and currency depreciation in early-modern Venice 信誉是不够的：早期现代威尼斯的财政货币化和货币贬值

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101716

Donato Masciandaro , Davide Romelli , Stefano Ugolini

This paper focuses on an early unique experiment of managed float of State-issued money, implemented in Venice between 1619 and 1666. Building on a new hand-collected database from a previously unused archival source, we show that, despite the Venetian Banco ducat’s status as an international currency and the government’s fiscal credibility, the exchange rate was directly and significantly affected by episodes of automatic government deficit monetization during the crises of 1629-31 and 1648-50. This suggests that a contingent commitment regime in which government-managed fiat money mimics a convertible currency can be effective, but is very sensitive to the time-consistency of the monetary-fiscal policy mix.

本文关注的是1619年至1666年间在威尼斯实施的国家发行货币管理浮动的早期独特实验。基于以前未使用的档案来源的新手工收集的数据库，我们表明，尽管威尼斯ducat银行作为国际货币的地位和政府的财政信誉，但在1629-31年和1648-50年的危机期间，汇率受到政府赤字自动货币化事件的直接和显著影响。这表明，政府管理的法定货币模仿可兑换货币的或有承诺机制可能是有效的，但对货币-财政政策组合的时间一致性非常敏感。

引用次数: 0

Breakthroughs in historical record linking using genealogy data: The Census Tree project 使用家谱数据链接历史记录的突破：人口普查树项目

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101717

Kasey Buckles , Adrian Haws , Joseph Price , Haley E.B. Wilbert

The Census Tree is the largest-ever database of record links among the historical U.S. censuses, with over 700 million links for people living in the United States between 1850 and 1940. To create the Census Tree, we begin with a collection of high-quality links contributed by the users of a free online genealogy platform, many of which would be difficult or impossible to find using currently available linking technologies. We then use these links as training data for a machine learning algorithm to make new matches, and incorporate other recent efforts to link the historical U.S. censuses. Finally, we introduce a procedure for filtering the links and adjudicating disagreements. Our complete Census Tree achieves match rates across adjacent censuses that are between 69 and 86 % for men and between 58 and 79 % for women—a major breakthrough compared to previous linking efforts. The size of the Census Tree allows researchers in the social sciences and other disciplines to construct longitudinal datasets that are highly representative of the population. We validate the accuracy of these links and provide researchers with a simple tool for choosing their preferred tradeoff between sample size and accuracy. To demonstrate the advantages of the Census Tree, we extend the work of Abramitzky, Boustan, Jácome, and Pérez (2021) to include intergenerational mobility estimates for additional immigrant nationalities and for women.

人口普查树是美国历史上人口普查中最大的记录链接数据库，其中有超过7亿个链接，涉及1850年至1940年间生活在美国的人。为了创建人口普查树，我们从免费在线家谱平台用户提供的高质量链接集合开始，其中许多链接使用当前可用的链接技术很难或不可能找到。然后，我们使用这些链接作为机器学习算法的训练数据来进行新的匹配，并结合其他最近的努力来连接历史上的美国人口普查。最后，我们介绍了一个筛选链接和裁决分歧的程序。我们完整的人口普查树在相邻的人口普查中实现了匹配率，男性在69%到86%之间，女性在58%到79%之间——与之前的联系工作相比，这是一个重大突破。人口普查树的规模使社会科学和其他学科的研究人员能够构建高度代表人口的纵向数据集。我们验证了这些链接的准确性，并为研究人员提供了一个简单的工具来选择他们在样本量和准确性之间的首选权衡。为了证明人口普查树的优势，我们扩展了Abramitzky、Boustan、Jácome和psamurez（2021）的工作，包括对其他移民国籍和女性的代际流动性估计。

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引用次数: 0

Education and wartime mobilization: Evidence from colonial Korea during WWII 教育与战时动员：来自二战时期朝鲜殖民地的证据

IF 1.7 1区历史学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Explorations in Economic History

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101712

Yutaro Izumi , Sangyoon Park

This study examines the effect of colonial education on the mobilization of Koreans during World War II. Considering an educational expansion policy that doubled the number of public primary schools in Korea, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits cross-regional variations in the expansion of primary schools and cross-cohort variations in exposure to school expansion. We show that the expansion of public primary education significantly increased the military mobilization of Koreans. Exploiting the design of the expansion policy, we use an instrumental variable approach and show that the results remain qualitatively unchanged. We discuss several potential mechanisms underlying our findings.

本研究探讨第二次世界大战期间殖民教育对朝鲜人动员的影响。考虑到韩国的教育扩张政策使公立小学的数量增加了一倍，我们采用了差异中的差异策略，利用了小学扩张的跨地区差异和学校扩张的跨群体差异。我们表明，公共初等教育的扩大大大增加了韩国人的军事动员。利用扩展策略的设计，我们使用工具变量方法，并表明结果在质量上保持不变。我们讨论了研究结果背后的几个潜在机制。

引用次数: 0

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