BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

Background: Diagnosis and recovery tracking of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is often challenging due to the lack of clear findings on routine imaging techniques. This also complicates defining safe points for returning to activities.

Hypothesis/purpose: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can provide information about cerebral venous oxygen saturation (CSvO₂) in the context of brain injury. We tested the prediction that these imaging modalities would enable the detection of changes and recovery patterns in the brains of patients with mTBI.

Study design: In a case-control study, we recruited a cohort of 24 contact sport athletes for baseline QSM and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scanning. Two of those who subsequently experienced head impact with significant post-injury symptoms underwent scans at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post-injury; one had a boxing match without classical mTBI symptoms were also followed-up on.

Results: The cohort baseline QSM measurements of the straight sinus were established. The two injured athletes with post-impact symptoms consistent with mTBI had susceptibility results at days 3 and 7 post-impact that fell below the 25th percentile of the baseline values. The per cent amplitude fluctuation quantified from rs-fMRI agreed with the susceptibility trends in the straight sinus.

Conclusion: QSM holds promise as a diagnostic tool for tracking mTBI progression or recovery in contact sport head injury.

Objectives: To examine the propensity of tackle height and the number of tacklers that result in head acceleration events (HAEs) in elite-level male and female rugby tackles.

Methods: Instrumented mouthguard data were collected from women (n=67) and men (n=72) elite-level rugby players from five elite and three international teams. Peak linear acceleration and peak angular acceleration were extracted from HAEs. Propensities for HAEs at a range of thresholds were calculated as the proportion of tackles/carries that resulted in an HAE exceeding a given magnitude for coded tackle height (low, medium, high) and number of tacklers. Propensity ratios with 95% CIs were calculated for tackle heights and number of tacklers.

Results: High tackles had a 32.7 (95% CI=6.89 to 155.02) and 41.2 (95% CI=9.22 to 184.58) propensity ratio to cause ball carrier HAEs>30 g compared with medium tackles for men and women, respectively. Low tackles had a 2.6 (95% CI=1.91 to 3.42) and 5.3 (95% CI=3.28 to 8.53) propensity ratio to cause tackler HAEs>30 g compared with medium tackles for men and women, respectively. In men, multiple tacklers had a higher propensity ratio (6.1; 95% CI=3.71 to 9.93) than singular tacklers to cause ball carrier HAEs>30 g but a lower propensity ratio (0.4; 95% CI=0.29 to 0.56) to cause tackler HAEs>30 g. No significant differences were observed in female tacklers or carriers for singular or multiple tacklers.

Conclusion: To limit HAE exposure, rule changes and coaching interventions that promote tacklers aiming for the torso (medium tackle) could be explored, along with changes to multiple tackler events in the male game.

Introduction: Climbing has evolved from an obscure outdoor sport to a predominantly indoor sport with the rise of mainstream climbing on artificial walls. Reported climbing-related injuries were predominantly chronic and may be avoided with proper planning of training. All climbers, regardless of age and gender, are training on the same routes and perform similar movements; however, few studies have investigated gender-specific injuries in climbing.

Objectives: Assess the distribution of chronic climbing injuries in an international population with gender-specific analyses and assess the impact of the person's training focus or aim of training on those injuries.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a web-based item-driven questionnaire was created and promoted using social media and several climbing media stakeholders. All climbers engaged in either sport climbing, bouldering or traditional climbing were included.

Results: The survey received 1513 responses (877 men, 427 women and 9 not reporting gender), of which 50.3% (n=665; 51.4% men and 48.0% women) had experienced an injury in the past 12 months. There were significant differences in injuries in feet/ankle (p=0.014), neck (p=0.03), head (p=0.0001), shoulder (p=0.001), elbow (p=0.021) and fingers (p=0.003).

Conclusion: Over 50% of the climbers experienced an injury in the past 12 months. The most common injuries were to the shoulders (women) and fingers (men). There were significant differences between the genders regarding injury site and prevalence. The gender differences may be affected by the aim for training and the style of climbing.

Injuries are recognised in sports and exercise medicine as not isolated incidents but complex outcomes. This is because an athlete's health trajectory is understood to be shaped by dynamic, complex linkages between individual performance, biology, and the wider social and cultural contexts and systems in which individuals perform. Despite this recognition, little attention has been paid to how interpersonal and contextual dynamics can potentially affect the risk of injury by influencing the choices and decisions made by coaches, parents and athletes. To address this gap, this narrative review bridges insights from sociocultural studies in sports with the findings of sports injury research. The narrative review aims to identify and summarise how interpersonal and contextual dynamics influence the risk of youth sports injuries. The results reveal the pressures faced by athletes, often leading to compromised health. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of designing complex interventions and strategies to promote healthier practices in youth sports. Specifically, intervention programmes should prioritise raising awareness of injury risks, cultivating effective communication skills and fostering supportive training environments.

A bstract:

Objective: To establish the prevalence of mental health symptoms (MHSs ) among Dutch elite athletes and their coaches, to examine the association between potential contributing factors and MHS among Dutch elite athletes and their coaches and to explore the view and needs of Dutch elite athletes and their coaches regarding mental health resources and support.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing an electronic questionnaire based on validated screening questionnaires for the assessment of MHS.

Results: In total, 156 athletes (55 % female) and 95 coaches (79 % male) across various sports participated in this study. The most prevalent MHS among athletes and coaches were distress (73 % and 41 %) and alcohol misuse (52 % and 53 %). Adverse life events showed an association with anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse and disordered eating while severe injuries showed an association with distress and sleep disturbance in elite athletes. Among coaches, no significant associations were found between potential contributing factors and MHS. 60 % of the athletes and 60 % of the coaches (totally) agreed that they could openly address their mental health issues within their sport while 53 % of the athletes and 41 % of the coaches (totally) agreed a need for increased attention regarding mental health/guidance in their sport.

Conclusions: MHSs are prevalent among Dutch elite athletes and coaches. Recent adverse life events and severe injuries have a potential intersection with MHS in elite athletes. There is a need for increased attention regarding mental health/guidance among Dutch elite athletes and coaches within their sport so that subsequent treatment/support can be provided.

Objectives: To explore the relationships between age, gender, type of sport, perfectionistic self-presentation and motivation on body satisfaction among young athletes in one aesthetic sport (gymnastics) and one non-aesthetic sport (basketball). The study hypothesise that (1) age, gender and type of sport (aesthetic or non-aesthetic) will predict body satisfaction scores, (2) autonomous motivation will positively be related to body satisfaction and (3) perfectionistic self-presentation will negatively be related to body satisfaction.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Method: 209 athletes (132 gymnasts and 77 basketball players) aged 10-22 (median=13) years were recruited. After data screening, 200 athletes were included in analyses (females: n=155; males: n=45). Participants completed an online survey, which assessed demographic information, athlete motivation (Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire), perfectionistic self-presentation (Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale-Junior Form) and body satisfaction (Body Appreciation Scale-2).

Results: Hierarchical multiple regression showed age, self-assigned gender, and two facets of perfectionistic self-presentation (ie, perfectionistic presentation and non-disclosure of imperfection) to predict reported levels of body satisfaction significantly. Subsequently, adding motivational variables did not improve the model. A moderation analysis showed that the relationship between non-disclosure of imperfection and body satisfaction was significantly moderated by gender.

Conclusions: Two facets of perfectionistic self-presentation were associated with reported body satisfaction. Additionally, the relationship between non-disclosure of imperfection and body satisfaction appears to differ between female and male athletes. Researchers should move beyond sport types and identify factors (eg, perfectionistic self-presentation) at the individual and environmental levels that can protect young athletes' body satisfaction.