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Social reading and the public sphere in Nordic public libraries: a comparative study 北欧公共图书馆的社会阅读与公共领域比较研究
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2234
Kerstin Rydbeck, Jamie Johnston, Ágústa Pálsdóttir, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Andreas Vårheim, R. Audunson, Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen
This paper presents research on how public librarians in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden view the importance of social reading and related professional roles. Previous research findings from a questionnaire administered to public librarians are analysed in depth in order to identify trends that can be further investigated in a subsequent qualitative study. The previous findings broadly show variation in the importance of social reading activities and related professional roles at the country level. A detailed understanding of the variations is elicited through a more comprehensive analysis at the country and community levels. Social reading plays a more important role in Danish and Icelandic libraries than in Norwegian and Swedish libraries, however it is more important in larger communities in Iceland and Sweden and smaller communities in Denmark and Norway. The role of literary mediator appears to correspond highly to librarians’ professional role across all countries and community sizes whereas that of a literary critic somewhat less. The results establish a need for further research on social reading in public libraries, especially concerning the types and nature of activities generally included in social reading and the extent digital solutions are used.
本文介绍了丹麦、冰岛、挪威和瑞典的公共图书馆员如何看待社会阅读的重要性和相关的职业角色。对公共图书馆员进行问卷调查后得出的先前研究结果进行了深入分析,以确定可以在随后的定性研究中进一步调查的趋势。先前的研究结果广泛地表明,社会阅读活动和相关专业角色的重要性在国家层面上存在差异。通过在国家和社区两级进行更全面的分析,可以详细了解这些差异。社会阅读在丹麦和冰岛的图书馆中扮演着比挪威和瑞典图书馆更重要的角色,然而,它在冰岛和瑞典的大型社区和丹麦和挪威的小型社区中更为重要。在所有国家和社区规模中,文学调解人的角色似乎与图书馆员的职业角色高度对应,而文学评论家的角色则稍低。研究结果表明,需要进一步研究公共图书馆的社交阅读,特别是关于社交阅读中一般包含的活动类型和性质以及数字解决方案的使用程度。
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引用次数: 2
Promoting public libraries as democratic spaces through governmental and municipal library strategies: Norwegian library strategies post 2014 law changes 通过政府和市政图书馆战略促进公共图书馆成为民主空间:挪威图书馆战略2014年后的法律变化
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2226
Marika Kawamoto, Motoko Yamagishi, Håkon Larsen, M. Koizumi
This study aims to clarify what kinds of specific strategies have been planned for public libraries in Norway and how they have changed over time following the Norwegian Public Library Act, amended in 2014. We have analysed government strategies and municipality plans and strategies for Oslo. Document study of the Public Library Act, national strategies concerning public libraries, and library management plans. We review 11 policy documents carefully and organise what specific plans are being made for public libraries to function as public places, according to the mission in the Public Library Act of 2014. Regarding dissemination of information and independent meeting place, the government and Oslo municipality made specific plans such as developing the national digital library and building a new central library in Oslo. Concerning dissemination of education and cultural activities, and an arena for public discussions and debates, there were partial strategies in both the government and the municipality. Various projects, financial support, building maintenance, and events have been conducted to accomplish libraries’ missions as places, as stated in the Act. Public libraries should facilitate a cultural offering that meets the needs of a diverse citizenry.
本研究旨在阐明挪威公共图书馆计划的具体策略,以及在2014年修订的《挪威公共图书馆法》之后,这些策略是如何随着时间的推移而变化的。我们分析了奥斯陆的政府战略、市政计划和战略。公共图书馆法文献研究、国家公共图书馆策略、图书馆管理计画。根据2014年《公共图书馆法》的使命,我们仔细审查了11份政策文件,并组织了公共图书馆作为公共场所的具体计划。在信息的传播和独立的会议场所方面,政府和奥斯陆市政府制定了具体的计划,如发展国家数字图书馆,在奥斯陆新建一个中央图书馆。关于教育和文化活动的传播以及公众讨论和辩论的场所,政府和市政当局都制定了部分战略。如法案所述,为了完成图书馆作为场所的使命,开展了各种项目、财政支持、建筑维护和活动。公共图书馆应促进提供文化服务,以满足不同公民的需要。
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引用次数: 2
Unfolding material constraints and opportunities in biodiversity citizen science information practices 揭示生物多样性公民科学信息实践中的物质限制和机会
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2235
Björn Ekström
The purpose of this paper is to outline an approach for understanding how information practices in biodiversity citizen science are enabled and constrained through participants’ interactions with material objects such as cameras, artificial intelligence-supported smartphone applications and information systems. The approach draws on the theory of objectual practice; how knowledge is constructed iteratively through interaction with epistemic objects. Epistemic objects are understood as objects sustained by projections of knowledge, open for interpretation and question-generation, rather than clearly defined things. The approach is empirically contextualised through a study of biodiversity citizen science activities in relation to a bioblitz, a short-term, intensive period of species observations in a given geographical setting. Three empirical units of analysis are to be studied: binoculars, cameras, and loupes for observing species; field guides, identification keys and smartphone applications for identifying species; and standardising, large-scale information systems for reporting identified observations. The approach opens up for studying how material objects enable and constrain biodiversity citizen science information practices. The objectual practice approach in relation to a multifaceted empirical setting such as biodiversity citizen science extends sociomaterial aspects to citizen science studies by enabling practice-oriented observation and trace investigations of large-scale phenomena.
本文的目的是概述一种方法来理解生物多样性公民科学中的信息实践是如何通过参与者与实物(如相机、人工智能支持的智能手机应用程序和信息系统)的交互来实现和约束的。这种方法借鉴了客观实践理论;知识是如何通过与认知对象的互动而迭代地构建的。认知对象被理解为由知识投射维持的对象,开放的解释和问题产生,而不是明确定义的事物。通过对生物闪电战相关的生物多样性公民科学活动的研究,该方法具有经验背景,生物闪电战是在特定地理环境中进行的短期、密集的物种观察。将研究三种经验分析单位:双筒望远镜、照相机和用于观察物种的放大镜;野外指南、识别密钥和智能手机应用程序,用于识别物种;标准化用于报告已确定的观测结果的大规模信息系统。该方法为研究物质对象如何促进和限制生物多样性公民科学信息实践开辟了道路。客观实践方法涉及多方面的经验设置,如生物多样性公民科学,通过实现以实践为导向的观察和大规模现象的追踪调查,将社会物质方面扩展到公民科学研究中。
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引用次数: 0
From words to actions: assessing the impact of antiracist declarations in library and information science 从语言到行动:评估反种族主义宣言对图书馆和信息科学的影响
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/ircolis2202
J. Furner, Fidelia Ibekwe, B. Birdi
The aims of this paper are to reaffirm calls for the global elimination of racism in library and information science, to specify ways of making progress towards such elimination, and to indicate how to assess the extent to which the declarations made by international bodies have had an impact on the success of antiracist strategies in which library and information science professionals engage at the local level. A review is undertaken of the declarations on racism made by the United Nations (UN), and by two professional organisations: the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO). A case study approach is then taken in identifying antiracist strategies in library and information science in the United States. International declarations on racism are numerous and expansive, and are suggestive of several important categories of antiracist strategy. A means of assessing the relationship between declarations and strategies is proposed. It is concluded that the impact of declarations has not been substantial. Affirmative action policies, hate speech bans, reparative taxonomies, and actions decentring whiteness are few and far between in library and information science. Renewed effort should be made to engage in antiracist strategies of the kinds promoted in the declarations.
本文的目的是重申在全球范围内消除图书馆和信息科学中的种族主义的呼吁,具体说明在消除这种种族主义方面取得进展的方法,并指出如何评估国际机构的声明对图书馆和信息科学专业人员在地方一级参与的反种族主义战略的成功产生影响的程度。对联合国和两个专业组织:国际图书馆协会和机构联合会(IFLA)和国际知识组织协会(ISKO)发表的关于种族主义的宣言进行审查。然后采用案例研究方法来确定美国图书馆和信息科学中的反种族主义策略。关于种族主义的国际宣言数量众多,范围广泛,并暗示了反种族主义战略的几个重要类别。提出了一种评估宣言与战略之间关系的方法。结论是,申报的影响并不大。平权行动政策、仇恨言论禁令、补偿性分类法和分散白人的行动在图书馆和信息科学中很少出现。应当作出新的努力,执行宣言中所提倡的那种反种族主义战略。
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引用次数: 1
Arenas for conflict or cohesion? Rethinking public libraries as potentially democratic spheres 是冲突的场所还是团结的场所?重新思考公共图书馆作为潜在的民主领域
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2220
Lisa Engström
In policies and research, public libraries are often put forth as public spheres promoting inclusion and shared values. This article investigates possible implications of replacing the idea of the library as public sphere with a plurality of public spheres, thereby acknowledging existing inequalities and conflicts between adversaries. The paper is conceptual, focusing on deepening the theoretical analysis. Fraser’s elaboration on the concept public sphere is utilized alongside Chantal Mouffe’s concept agonism to critically discuss the perception of libraries as public spheres, and to explore the library as a place enabling multiple public spheres where different groups can strengthen their social identity and make claims of power. Two main risks with a consensus-oriented starting point are identified: Firstly, marginalized groups may be silenced when inclusion and shared values are emphasized rather than plurality. Secondly, when cultural and social hierarchies are ignored, the ‘others’ are turned into enemies and antagonism replace agonism. If the notion of libraries as promoters of democracy and inclusion shall not result in upholding the status quo, we must go beyond what we know and make room for pluralistic communities and agonistic conflicts.
在政策和研究中,公共图书馆往往被提出为促进包容和共享价值的公共领域。本文探讨了用多个公共领域取代图书馆作为公共领域的概念的可能含义,从而承认存在的不平等和对手之间的冲突。本文是概念性的,重点是深化理论分析。弗雷泽对公共领域概念的阐述与Chantal Mouffe的概念斗争(concept agonism)相结合,批判性地讨论了图书馆作为公共领域的认知,并探讨了图书馆作为一个可以实现多个公共领域的地方,不同的群体可以在这里加强他们的社会认同并提出权力要求。确定了以协商一致为出发点的两个主要风险:首先,当强调包容和共同价值观而不是多元化时,边缘化群体可能会沉默。其次,当文化和社会等级被忽视时,“他者”就变成了敌人,对抗取代了对抗。如果图书馆作为民主和包容的推动者的概念不能导致维持现状,我们就必须超越我们所知道的,为多元化的社区和激烈的冲突腾出空间。
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引用次数: 2
Derrida and digital libraries: exploring the (im)possibility of virtual hospitality 德里达与数字图书馆:探索虚拟接待的可能性
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2204
Juliana Mestre
Derridean hospitality provides a way to complicate and elevate service models of librarianship, yet its implications in a virtual environment are unclear, clouded by debate within Derrida’s scholarship and surrounding literature. Applying his theory to digital libraries raises questions involving responsibility, labour, and ethics. I review a selection of theoretical and topical literature, exploring the (im)possibility of virtual Derridean hospitality in relation to digital libraries before establishing contact points for this discussion in existent library and information science literature. Articles are selected and analysed based off relevance. Some hold philosophical relevance, representing contributions to conversations surrounding Derridean and Levinasean conceptions of hospitality. Others hold field relevance, representing pieces of literature that relate to questions of hospitality from within library and information science. In addition to relevance, they have all been assessed for quality and timeliness with the goal of capturing a sample indicative of current conversations surrounding this topic. Derridean hospitality provides a novel and productive theoretical foundation for working through ethical tension unique to digital libraries. Though the theory is new to library and information science, there are existent scholarly conversations surrounding library hospitality and digital civics that provide a basis for theoretical integration.
德里达式的热情好客提供了一种使图书馆服务模式复杂化和提升的方法,但它在虚拟环境中的含义尚不清楚,因为德里达的学术研究和周围文学的争论蒙上了阴影。将他的理论应用于数字图书馆引发了涉及责任、劳动和道德的问题。我回顾了一些理论和专题文献,在为现有图书馆和信息科学文献的讨论建立联系点之前,探索了与数字图书馆相关的虚拟Derridean款待的可能性。文章根据相关性进行选择和分析。其中一些具有哲学意义,代表了围绕德里德里和列文好客概念的对话的贡献。另一些则具有领域相关性,代表了与图书馆和信息科学领域的接待问题相关的文学作品。除了相关性之外,还对它们的质量和及时性进行了评估,目的是捕获围绕该主题的当前对话的示例指示。Derridean hospitality为数字图书馆独有的伦理张力提供了一种新颖而富有成效的理论基础。虽然这一理论对图书馆情报学来说是一个新理论,但围绕图书馆热情好客和数字公民的学术讨论为理论整合提供了基础。
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引用次数: 1
Risk, vaccine hesitancy and information literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间的风险、疫苗犹豫和信息素养
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2211
A. Hicks, A. Lloyd
Introduction. This study seeks to identify how vaccine-hesitant people inform themselves about the Covid-19 vaccine. Prior research has positioned insufficient information or a lack of information skills as linked to vaccine hesitancy but has neglected to account for the role that information literacy plays within processes of becoming informed. Method. 14 semi-structured interviews were held online with vaccine-hesitant people in the UK. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed;questions explored the information sources and activities that participants used to become informed about the COVID-19 vaccine. Analysis. Data were coded by each researcher using constant comparative techniques used in constructivist grounded theory methods before being jointly discussed in several online sessions. Results. Initial outcomes of this study suggest that vaccine hesitant and hesitant- influenced action is shaped through the employment of information strategies that bring multiple forms of vaccination risk into being, including social and other health risks. Conclusions. The study has implications for the teaching of information literacy, in particular the conceptualisation that being informed is an affirmative action.
介绍。这项研究旨在确定对疫苗犹豫不决的人如何了解Covid-19疫苗。先前的研究将信息不足或缺乏信息技能定位为与疫苗犹豫有关,但忽视了信息素养在获得信息的过程中所起的作用。方法:在英国对疫苗犹豫不决的人进行了14次半结构化的在线访谈。采访进行了录音和专业转录;问题探讨了参与者用来了解COVID-19疫苗的信息来源和活动。分析。数据由每个研究人员使用建构主义基础理论方法中使用的持续比较技术进行编码,然后在几个在线会议上进行联合讨论。结果。这项研究的初步结果表明,疫苗犹豫和受犹豫影响的行动是通过采用信息策略形成的,这些策略带来了多种形式的疫苗接种风险,包括社会风险和其他健康风险。结论。这项研究对信息素养的教学具有启示意义,特别是对知情权是一种积极行动的概念。
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引用次数: 0
A proto-paradigm for information science research 信息科学研究的原型范式
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2201
M. Bates
The lack of a commonly accepted research paradigm for information science has been noted in the field and is the focus of this paper based on a plenary speech given at the Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS) conference in Oslo on May 30, 2022. The paper revisits the originating definition of the field in the 1960’s, with particular attention to the requirements for an adequate definition and understanding of the core concept of information. Starting with the author’s definition of information, aspects of a proto-paradigm are developed in some detail, including a range of ancillary concepts that describe information of certain types and in certain contexts. Information in both living and non-living contexts is discussed and embedded in the same framework, so as to cover all manifestations of information. Research approaches in relation to human beings and information are also analysed. The paper models information through four channels and in both carbon and silicon forms. Information in relation to human beings is modelled in six frameworks—self, body, ecology, society, discourse, and documentation. Fifteen methodological and theoretical metatheories are placed in relation to the six frameworks. With the core conceptualization of information of all types and in an all contexts, coupled with the theoretical groupings of research approaches to the study of humans in relation to information, we have the interconnected initial elements of a research paradigm for information science.
该领域已经注意到缺乏普遍接受的信息科学研究范式,这是本文的重点,本文基于2022年5月30日在奥斯陆举行的图书馆与信息科学概念(CoLIS)会议上的全体演讲。本文回顾了20世纪60年代该领域的原始定义,特别注意对信息核心概念的充分定义和理解的要求。从作者对信息的定义开始,对原型范式的各个方面进行了一些详细的开发,包括描述特定类型和特定上下文中的信息的一系列辅助概念。生活和非生活语境中的信息被讨论和嵌入在同一个框架中,从而涵盖信息的所有表现形式。还分析了与人类和信息有关的研究方法。论文通过碳和硅两种形式的四种通道对信息进行建模。与人类相关的信息在自我、身体、生态、社会、话语和文献六个框架中建模。十五种方法和理论元理论与六个框架有关。有了所有类型和所有背景下的信息的核心概念化,再加上研究人类与信息关系的研究方法的理论分组,我们就有了信息科学研究范式的相互关联的初始元素。
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引用次数: 2
Are we there yet? Feminist approaches in information science 我们到了吗?信息科学中的女权主义方法
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2207
Mary Greenshields, L. Given
Introduction. Thirty years ago Librarianship: The Erosion of a Woman’s Profession (1992) provided a clarion call for specific, radical approaches to the field in what Harris deemed might be a new return to earlier interactions of information science as a female profession. Harris offered clear guidelines to reinvigorate the field that have not been fully addressed. This research presents two cases, leadership and data science, to examine persistent inequities in the field. Inequities in leadership and data science are analysed through selected literature on data science and leadership in Information Science. A feminist approach to information science is identified as a way forward in addressing issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion; to contend with missed opportunities; and to begin the work of redressing power in the field. A thorough feminist analysis and interdisciplinary research partnerships are suggested as ways to identify opportunities for change and ways to create a field that is truly our own.
介绍。三十年前,《图书馆事业:女性职业的衰落》(1992)为这一领域提出了明确的、激进的方法,哈里斯认为这可能是早期信息科学作为女性职业的互动的新回归。哈里斯提出了明确的指导方针,以重振尚未得到充分解决的领域。本研究提出了领导力和数据科学两个案例,以检验该领域持续存在的不平等现象。领导力和数据科学方面的不公平现象通过精选的数据科学和信息科学领导力方面的文献进行分析。信息科学的女权主义方法被认为是解决平等、多样性和包容性问题的前进方向;与失去的机会抗争;并开始在现场纠正权力的工作。彻底的女权主义分析和跨学科的研究伙伴关系被认为是确定变革机会和创造一个真正属于我们自己的领域的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Performing information: exploring conceptualisations of embodied information 执行信息:探索具体化信息的概念化
IF 0.8 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47989/colis2223
Laura M. Williams
Embodied information researchers have described bodies as performative. The body forms an important information source for leisure pursuits such as running but bodies remain under- theorised as sources of information. This paper explores how performance theories can contribute new conceptualisations of embodied information practices. A review of information science literature was conducted to identity use of Goffman’s dramaturgical model or descriptions of bodies as performing. Embodied information is conceptualised through analysis of performance theory literature, focusing Goffman’s dramaturgical model. The strengths and limitations of Goffman’s dramaturgy are discussed using examples from embodied information literature. Dramaturgical metaphors, such frontstage and backstage, can explain how individuals perform identity in everyday interactions. Dramaturgical principles can deepen understanding of how bodies create and share embodied information. Goffman’s dramaturgical model can be used to address gaps in understanding about how embodied information is created and shared. The complex theoretical underpinnings of performance should be further examined to develop new conceptualisations of embodied information practices.
具身信息研究者将身体描述为具有表演性的。身体是跑步等休闲活动的重要信息源,但身体作为信息源的理论仍然不足。本文探讨了绩效理论如何为具身信息实践提供新的概念。对信息科学文献进行了回顾,以确定使用戈夫曼的戏剧模型或身体描述作为表演。通过对表演理论文献的分析,以戈夫曼的戏剧模型为中心,对具身信息进行了概念化。本文以具身信息文学为例,讨论了高夫曼戏剧的优势和局限性。戏剧隐喻,如前台和后台,可以解释个人如何在日常互动中执行身份。戏剧原理可以加深对身体如何创造和分享具体化信息的理解。Goffman的戏剧模型可以用来解决关于具体信息是如何被创造和共享的理解上的差距。应进一步研究绩效的复杂理论基础,以发展具体信息实践的新概念。
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引用次数: 0
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Information Research-An International Electronic Journal
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