American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine最新文献

Acute exercise is linked to memory improvement. Several mediators may influence the effect of exercise such as the type of exercise (aerobic exercise, muscle stretching). Purpose: The primary aim was to analyze memory outcomes after a 20-min bout of aerobic exercise or muscle stretching. Methods: 42 healthy participants ages 18-35 were randomized to perform 20 min of either moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) on a treadmill or muscle stretching exercise (SE). After exercise, memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The relationship between exercise heart rate and memory outcomes were evaluated within each group. Results: Immediate learning as well as delayed recall was higher after AE compared to SE. Heart rate during exercise correlated with immediate learning in the AE group only. Conclusion: Acute exercise that elicits a heart rate response may be important for improving memory.

Purpose: Physical activity and sedentary behavior have significant prognostic importance in survivors of breast cancer. However, not much is known about physical activity and sedentary behavior in the midwestern United States for patients who have breast cancer. This study provides patient-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior from a cohort of patients from the midwestern United States. Methods: A survey assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior from patients with all types of local or invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Demographic information and characteristics of participants' breast cancer, including time since diagnosis, type of cancer, and remission status were gathered. Results: Data from 108 patients reveal diverse physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns. Seventeen individuals (15.9%) report not engaging in any form of physical activity and only 15.9% report meeting national guideline recommendations of greater than 150 minutes of moderate intensity-equivalent physical activity per week. A wide range of physical activity in minutes was reported across age, time since diagnosis, type of cancer and remission status, none of which was statistically significant. Participants report sitting or reclining an average of 6.1 hours (SD = 3.9) per day during a typical workday and 5.8 hours (SD = 3.8) on a typical non-workday. Conclusions: Our study provides information about physical activity and sedentary behavior in a cohort of midwestern patients with breast cancer and indicates that the majority of the patients could be at high risk for long-term adverse prognosis. Tailored lifestyle programs to enhance physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior are critical to improve outcomes. Our results indicate that clinicians should incorporate healthy lifestyle medicine recommendations for all patients living with breast cancer at any age or time since diagnosis, independent of cancer type or remission status.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of nurses' emotional eating behaviour and burnout levels on job performance. The population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study covered 750 nurses working in İstanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, and the sample included 255 nurses. The data were collected between 15.08.2023 and 15.11.2023 using the 'Personal Information Form', 'Maslach Burnout Inventory', 'Emotional Eater Questionnaire', and 'Job Performance Scale'. The mean scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Emotional Eater Questionnaire of the participant nurses who had been working for 1-5 years, who were dissatisfied with their work and who worked in intensive care were found significantly higher. A positive relationship was found between the Job Performance Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire. Based on the obtained data, it was concluded that nurses experience burnout and exhibit emotional eating behaviour. Therefore, it is recommended to support nurses in managing burnout and stress, plan training sessions, and, if necessary, provide psychiatric support. Processes in the work environment can negatively affect nurses emotionally and physically, which is reflected in job performance and patient care. Burnout affects not only job performance but also emotional eating.

The 5A's Framework (Assess, Advise, Assist, Agree, and Arrange) has been recommended as a practice guide for obesity counseling. Its integration in research, however, is not well known. This systematic review was to find how the 5A's Framework was integrated in research on obesity and weight counseling. Methods: A systematic search of four databases was conducted combining two concepts: "5 A's Framework" and "obesity, body size, dieting/eating, exercise, weight loss." Inclusion criteria were quantitative studies with the 5A's Framework as a singular intervention or combined with others to influence patients' healthy eating, physical activity, and weight outcomes or care providers' counseling behaviors. Twenty-two studies were included in the final analysis. Results: Most studies were conducted in the primary care setting. The 5A's Framework was (1) integrated in training interventions as formal medical curricular and on-the-job education workshops to influence obesity/weight counseling skills, (2) utilized to develop assessment tools to evaluate counseling behaviors, and (3) combined with behavior change strategies to impact the patient's weight management behaviors and outcomes. Conclusion: The integration of the 5A's Framework in obesity and weight counseling research is wide-ranging. The findings have implications for clinicians to use the framework to better obesity/weight counseling.

Group health coaching (GHC) may be a suitable method for supporting healthy lifestyle behaviors in cancer patients and survivors. The aim of this scoping review was to explore GHC interventions targeting this population, specifically examining program composition and measured outcomes. A systematic search strategy was used to identify intervention studies focused on GHC with cancer patients and survivors. Seven studies met the criteria. Studies focused on physical activity, diet, weight loss, or some combination thereof utilizing GHC by itself or as one component of an exercise and/or diet intervention. There was a wide range of measured outcomes, grouped into: feasibility/acceptability; physical activity/exercise; body composition and biomarkers; diet; distress, quality of life, fatigue; and other. Overall, studies were found to be feasible and showed positive results for weight loss, diet, and quality of life. Findings for changes in physical activity, distress, and fatigue were mixed. Additionally, variability was found in many of the GHC components. This review suggests GHC for cancer patients and survivors is still in the nascent stages. However, these studies were deemed feasible and satisfactory to participants, with positive outcomes noted. While still in the early stages, GHC appears promising for supporting positive lifestyle behaviors in this population.

Stress is ubiquitous in our modern society and contributes to many disease states. This narrative review describes the effect of stress/distress on cancer development and progression. Seminal randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and distress management guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the Society for Integrative LinearOncology (SIO) are highlighted. We describe the physiological effects of distress, distress assessment, and management. Psychological treatments are summarized. Evidence-based lifestyle modifications and integrative therapies are reviewed in detail, including mindfulness-based techniques, yoga, guided imagery, breathing techniques, hypnosis, exercise, music therapy, qigong/Tai Chi, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and improving sleep and heart rate variability. Recognition and treatment of distress can improve quality of life. More research is needed to determine the effects of managing distress on cancer outcomes, as well as the best type and duration of intervention, noting that the benefits of interventions may be specific for patients with different cancer types.

Biases and stigma related to health, diabetes, and obesity are an obstacle to providing respectful, empathetic, holistic care. Recognizing explicit and implicit biases and understanding the detrimental consequences is key to the stigma that exists, and the impact that it has on patient care is key. Health care professionals have a responsibility to communicate with patients with respect, empathy, and honesty, ensuring the person is at the center of care. There are a multitude of ways to positively change the landscape in which biases exist.

This study assesses the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and stress, as related to healthy lifestyle behaviors among healthcare professionals (HCPs), including medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory scientists, and radiologists, in medically underserved regions (MURs). Using a cross-sectional study design, an online survey was administered to HCPs in MURs of West Central Illinois. A total of 316 HCPs completed the survey. The study population was predominantly White, female, and aged 55 or older. The findings of this research imply that HCPs in medically underserved regions (MURs) with high cholesterol generally do not engage in physical activity. The study showed a correlation between HCP age, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol, implying that as HCPs age like every other individual, the likelihood of developing these conditions increases. This study emphasizes the role of time constraints and a lack of motivation in limiting HCPs' participation in physical activity in rural areas. Additionally, the study suggests that inadequate access to nutritious food and exercise facilities in rural regions contributes to lower rates of healthy eating and physical activity. Findings demonstrate how essential it is for healthcare professionals to remain vigilant about cardiovascular disease risk factors.