Journal of European Integration最新文献

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The ECB as a banking supervisor: transparent compared to what? 欧洲央行作为银行监管机构：与什么相比是透明的？

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2154764

Anna-Lena Högenauer

ABSTRACT After over a decade of crisis, the ECB’s functions have expanded considerably, which in turn altered its relationship with other institutions. In particular, when the ECB assumed the role of Banking Supervisor under the Single Supervisory Mechanisms, it was generally accepted that this role would require more accountability than its traditional role in monetary policy. Yet, accountability requires transparency. However, there is a dearth of studies on the transparency of European banking supervision, and the few that exist are usually single case studies. This leaves us without a point of comparison that would help us understand what constitutes a ‘transparent banking supervisor’. Therefore, the aim of this article is to situate the transparency of the ECB within the wider literature on the transparency of banking supervisors. This allows us to pinpoint more precisely its strengths and shortcomings and the potential for reforms.

经过十多年的危机，欧洲央行的职能已经大大扩展，这反过来也改变了它与其他机构的关系。特别是，当欧洲央行在单一监管机制下承担银行监管者的角色时，人们普遍认为，这一角色比其在货币政策中的传统角色需要更多的问责制。然而，问责制需要透明度。然而，关于欧洲银行监管透明度的研究缺乏，而且仅有的几项研究通常是单一案例研究。这使得我们没有一个可以帮助我们理解什么是“透明的银行监管机构”的比较点。因此，本文的目的是将欧洲央行的透明度置于更广泛的关于银行监管机构透明度的文献中。这使我们能够更准确地指出其优点和缺点以及改革的潜力。

引用次数: 1

Developing banking union’s common supervisory culture: a look into the ‘black box’ of joint supervisory teams 发展银行业联盟的共同监管文化:联合监管团队的“黑箱”透视

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2156994

Marta Božina Beroš

ABSTRACT The accomplishment of the Banking Union’s common supervisory culture or the implementation of consistent supervisory practices and standards across participating Member States, critically depends on the cooperation of national competent authorities throughout the supervisory process, which takes place primarily in Joint Supervisory Teams (JSTs). Because of their mixed, multilevel composition, JSTs allow the cross-comparison of varying national supervisory approaches and facilitate the identification of best practices as building blocks of a shared supervisory outlook on prudential concerns. This paper unpacks the ‘black box’ of JSTs through the lens of experimentalist governance and with a qualitative examination of data from various sources, including semi-structured interviews with JST-participants. It reveals the importance of NCAs in JSTs experimentalist practice as well as of soft governance tools in fostering a sense of community and highlights specific operational challenges in close cooperation that limit the reach of the common supervisory culture beyond the euro area.

摘要银行联盟共同监管文化的实现或参与成员国一致监管实践和标准的实施，在很大程度上取决于国家主管部门在整个监管过程中的合作，而监管过程主要在联合监管团队（JST）中进行。由于其混合、多层次的组成，JST允许对不同的国家监管方法进行交叉比较，并有助于确定最佳实践，作为审慎关注的共同监管观的组成部分。本文通过实验主义治理的视角，并对来自各种来源的数据进行定性检查，包括对JST参与者的半结构化访谈，揭开了JST的“黑匣子”。它揭示了NCA在JSTs实验主义实践中的重要性，以及软治理工具在培养社区意识方面的重要性，并强调了密切合作中的具体运营挑战，这些挑战限制了共同监督文化在欧元区以外的影响力。

引用次数: 2

Failing or likely to fail: banking union cooperation tested since 2017 失败或可能失败:2017年以来银行业联盟合作面临考验

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2156995

C. Petit

ABSTRACT The creation of the Banking Union (BU) has been a significant leap towards further integration in the euro area. BU cooperation is critical for efficient supervisory and resolution actions, even more so for cross-border banks that may face legal and institutional differentiation. Cooperation takes place within the two BU pillars – the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism – and together with authorities of non-participating Member States and of third countries in a cross-border setting. The Article examines how the two mechanisms dealt with Failing or Likely to Fail (FOLTF) and resolution cases from 2017 until early 2022. FOLTF cases have tested existing cooperation frameworks and prompted new cooperation vehicles and mechanisms within the BU, in its immediate EU periphery and with third countries. Cooperation is a prerequisite of functioning mechanisms; it lays the foundations for further integration within the BU; and helps consolidating equivalence with third countries.

摘要银行联盟（BU）的成立是欧元区进一步一体化的一次重大飞跃。BU合作对于有效的监管和处置行动至关重要，对于可能面临法律和制度差异的跨境银行来说更是如此。在业务部门的两个支柱——单一监督机制和单一解决机制——以及与非参与成员国和第三国当局在跨境环境中进行合作。这篇文章探讨了这两个机制如何处理2017年至2022年初的失败或可能失败（FOLTF）和解决案例。FOLTF案例测试了现有的合作框架，并促进了BU内部、欧盟周边地区以及与第三国的新合作工具和机制。合作是机制运作的先决条件；它为业务部门内部的进一步整合奠定了基础；并有助于巩固与第三国的对等地位。

引用次数: 2

Bank supervision between risk reduction and economic renewal 降低风险与经济复苏之间的银行监管

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2023.2183391

Shawn Donnelly

ABSTRACT This paper investigates specific challenges of Covid for balancing economic growth and financial stability as they apply to paradigms, programmes and policies of bank regulation and supervision at the European Commission and European Central Bank. It finds that dominant paradigms of risk reduction and control remained intact, despite a temporary programme of regulatory relaxation to spur credit growth. The ECB and the Commission were united on state aid, regulatory loosening and promoting credit creation. However, while the Commission sought credit for businesses, much of the credit went into the European housing sector, with ECB support.

摘要本文研究了新冠肺炎在平衡经济增长和金融稳定方面的具体挑战，这些挑战适用于欧盟委员会和欧洲中央银行的银行监管模式、计划和政策。研究发现，尽管有一项临时的放松监管计划来刺激信贷增长，但降低和控制风险的主导模式仍然完好无损。欧洲央行和欧盟委员会在国家援助、放松监管和促进信贷创造方面团结一致。然而，尽管欧盟委员会为企业寻求信贷，但在欧洲央行的支持下，大部分信贷流向了欧洲住房部门。

引用次数: 1

Under what conditions? How the narrative of EMU fiscal stability is reshaping Cohesion policy's EU solidarity. 在什么条件下?欧洲货币联盟财政稳定的叙述是如何重塑凝聚力政策的欧盟团结的。

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2119226

Niccolò Donati

This research investigates the policy narratives that were deployed by the Commission to justify the reform of Cohesion policy in relation to the long-standing process of EMU reform. Our aim is to find out how narratives about EU solidarity allowed the creation of both redistributive patterns among the Member States, and Cohesion policy's macroeconomic conditionality. We identified two narratives: one of EU solidarity, based on the 'harmonious development' of the territories, and one of EMU stability, consisting in cross-national solidarity in exchange for structural reforms. We argue that, in the context of EMU reform, the narrative of stability found a favourable interest constellation, becoming the ideational driver of the Cohesion policy reform. In order to prove this argument, we conducted an ideational process tracing on the 1988 and 1994 Cohesion policy reforms, as well as a frame analysis on a corpus of 74 speeches from relevant EU Commission policy actors.

本研究调查了欧盟委员会部署的政策叙事，以证明与欧洲货币联盟改革的长期进程有关的凝聚力政策改革是合理的。我们的目的是找出关于欧盟团结的叙述是如何允许在成员国之间创造再分配模式和凝聚力政策的宏观经济条件的。我们确定了两种说法:一种是基于领土“和谐发展”的欧盟团结，另一种是欧洲货币联盟的稳定，包括以跨国团结换取结构改革。我们认为，在欧洲货币联盟改革的背景下，稳定叙事找到了有利的利益星座，成为凝聚力政策改革的理念驱动因素。为了证明这一论点，我们对1988年和1994年的凝聚力政策改革进行了构想过程追踪，并对欧盟委员会相关政策参与者的74次演讲进行了框架分析。

引用次数: 0

Banking Union — a stability-oriented macroeconomic or an efficiency-oriented microeconomic project? 银行业联盟——一个以稳定为导向的宏观经济项目还是一个以效率为导向的微观经济项目?

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2158823

K. Tuori

ABSTRACT The article analyses the Banking Union from an economic-constitutional perspective. It argues that the areas covered by the Banking Union fall substantively mainly under the internal market area of EU law, where the microeconomic efficiency-based rationales and objectives are essential in legal assessments. In contrast, the euro area macroeconomic and stability-oriented rationales guided the decision on the Banking Union and the allocation of banking supervision to the ECB. The article claims that these different constitutional rationales, and the constitutional locus of the Banking Union, could have implications for the broader constitutional architecture and even for the EU legal order. Indeed, the microeconomic part of the EU economic-constitutional model suits legal approach to integration, but the macroeconomic rationales have a more problematic relation with law and courts. This could call for a resurgence of the internal market perspective in Banking Union going forward to remedy some of the constitutional concerns.

摘要本文从经济宪法的角度对银行联盟进行了分析。它认为，银行联盟所涵盖的领域实质上主要属于欧盟法律的内部市场领域，其中基于微观经济效率的理由和目标在法律评估中至关重要。相比之下，欧元区宏观经济和稳定导向的理由指导了银行联盟的决定以及欧洲央行的银行监管分配。文章声称，这些不同的宪法理由，以及银行联盟的宪法地位，可能会对更广泛的宪法架构，甚至对欧盟法律秩序产生影响。事实上，欧盟经济宪法模式的微观经济部分适合一体化的法律方法，但宏观经济的理由与法律和法院的关系更成问题。这可能要求银行联盟重新树立内部市场观点，以弥补一些宪法问题。

引用次数: 2

The European Union’s failure to address the autocracy crisis: MacGyver, Rube Goldberg, and Europe’s unused tools 欧盟未能解决专制危机:麦吉弗、鲁布·戈德堡和欧洲未使用的工具

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2152447

R. Kelemen

ABSTRACT This article dismantles the myth that the EU’s failure to respond adequately to the rise of autocratic member governments has been due to its lack of adequate tools. The EU has used this excuse repeatedly to justify engaging in what Laurent Pech calls a new instrument creation cycle – reacting to attacks on democracy and the rule of law not by deploying existing tools but by wasting time creating new ones. The repetition of this cycle has resulted in the creation of a Rule of Law Rube Goldberg machine – a redundant assemblage of mostly useless instruments ostensibly designed to help the EU address backsliding. The pointlessness of many of these tools is underscored when we look closely at the few simple but potentially powerful, MacGyver-like tools that the EU has had at its disposal all along, but which EU leaders have failed to use robustly to defend democracy.

本文破除了一个神话，即欧盟未能充分应对专制成员国政府的崛起是由于缺乏足够的工具。欧盟一再利用这一借口，为参与洛朗•佩赫(Laurent Pech)所谓的新工具创造周期辩护——对民主和法治受到的攻击作出反应，不是利用现有工具，而是浪费时间创造新工具。这种循环的重复导致了“鲁比·戈德堡法治机器”的诞生——一堆基本上无用的工具的冗余组合，表面上是为了帮助欧盟解决倒退问题。当我们仔细观察欧盟一直拥有的几个简单但潜在强大的麦吉弗式工具，但欧盟领导人未能有力地利用这些工具来捍卫民主时，许多这些工具的无意义性就突显出来了。

引用次数: 4

Delivery outcomes associated with maternal congenital heart disease, 2000-2018. 2000-2018年孕产妇先天性心脏病的分娩结局

1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2081803

Alice H Linder, Timothy Wen, Jean R Guglielminotti, Lisa D Levine, Yuli Y Kim, Stephanie E Purisch, Mary E D'Alton, Alexander M Friedman

Purpose: To characterize temporal trends and outcomes of delivery hospitalization with maternal congenital heart disease (CHD).

Materials and methods: For this repeated cross-sectional analysis, deliveries to women aged 15-54 years with maternal CHD were identified in the 2000-2018 National Inpatient Sample. Temporal trends in maternal CHD were analyzed using joinpoint regression to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% CIs. The relationship between maternal CHD and several adverse maternal outcomes was analyzed with log-linear regression models. Risk for adverse outcomes in the setting of maternal CHD was further characterized based on additional diagnoses of cardiac comorbidity including congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular disease, pulmonary disorders, and history of thromboembolism.

Results: Of 73,109,790 delivery hospitalizations, 51,841 had a diagnosis of maternal CHD (7.1 per 10,000). Maternal CHD rose from 4.2 to 10.9 per 10,000 deliveries (AAPC 4.8%, 95% CI 4.2%, 5.4%). Maternal CHD deliveries with a cardiac comorbidity diagnosis also increased from 0.6 to 2.6 per 10,000 from 2000 to 2018 (AAPC 8.4%, 95% CI 6.3%, 10.6%). Maternal CHD was associated with severe maternal morbidity (adjusted risk ratios [aRR] 4.97, 95% CI 4.75, 5.20), cardiac severe maternal morbidity (aRR 7.65, 95% CI 7.14, 8.19), placental abruption (aRR 1.30, 95% 1.21, 1.38), preterm delivery (aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.43, 1.51), and transfusion (aRR 2.28, 95% CI 2.14, 2.42). Risk for severe morbidity (AAPC 4.7%, 95% CI 2.5%, 6.9%) and cardiac severe morbidity (AAPC 4.7%, 95% CI 2.5%, 6.9%) increased significantly among women with maternal CHD over the study period. The presence of cardiac comorbidity diagnoses was associated with further increased risk.

Conclusion: Maternal CHD is becoming more common among US deliveries. Among deliveries with maternal CHD, risk for severe morbidity is increasing. These findings support that an increasing burden of risk from maternal CHD in the obstetric population.

目的:探讨产妇先天性心脏病(CHD)分娩住院的时间趋势和结局。材料和方法:对于这项重复的横断面分析，在2000-2018年全国住院患者样本中确定了15-54岁产妇冠心病的分娩情况。使用联结点回归分析产妇冠心病的时间趋势，以95% ci估计平均年百分比变化(AAPC)。采用对数-线性回归模型分析产妇冠心病与几种不良结局的关系。根据其他心脏合并症的诊断，包括充血性心力衰竭、心律失常、瓣膜疾病、肺部疾病和血栓栓塞史，孕妇冠心病的不良结局风险进一步表征。结果:在73,109,790例分娩住院患者中，51,841例诊断为产妇冠心病(7.1 / 10,000)。产妇冠心病发生率从4.2 / 10000上升到10.9 / 10000 (AAPC 4.8%， 95% CI 4.2%， 5.4%)。从2000年到2018年，患有心脏合并症的产妇冠心病分娩也从0.6 / 10,000增加到2.6 / 10,000 (AAPC 8.4%， 95% CI 6.3%， 10.6%)。产妇冠心病与严重产妇发病率(校正风险比[aRR] 4.97, 95% CI 4.75, 5.20)、心脏严重产妇发病率(aRR 7.65, 95% CI 7.14, 8.19)、胎盘早裂(aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21, 1.38)、早产(aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.43, 1.51)和输血(aRR 2.28, 95% CI 2.14, 2.42)相关。在研究期间，母亲患有冠心病的女性严重发病率(AAPC 4.7%， 95% CI 2.5%， 6.9%)和心脏严重发病率(AAPC 4.7%， 95% CI 2.5%， 6.9%)的风险显著增加。心脏合并症诊断的存在与进一步增加的风险相关。结论:产妇冠心病在美国分娩中越来越普遍。在产妇冠心病分娩中，严重发病的风险正在增加。这些发现支持产科人群中孕产妇冠心病风险负担的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Genesis and evolution of EU anti disinformation policy: entrepreneurship and political opportunism in the regulation of digital technology 欧盟反虚假信息政策的产生和演变：数字技术监管中的企业家精神和政治机会主义

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2150842

Veronika Datzer, L. Lonardo

ABSTRACT Disinformation, the deliberate spread of false or misleading information, is a worrisome threat for the EU, as its uses in recent events such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 reveal. This article explores policy-formulation in the EU. It asks whether it is possible to explain the choice of the European Commission and of the European External Action Service (EEAS) to regulate disinformation in terms of political opportunism: using process tracing analysis supported by interviews with EU officials, this article finds that the European Commission sought to create an opportunity to regulate this matter because it considered it particularly salient, and that, contrary to what the literature on political opportunism might suggest, both the EEAS and the Commission can be considered the political entrepreneur in this domain, because the engagements against disinformation were led by an external threat perception.

虚假信息，即故意传播虚假或误导性信息，对欧盟来说是一个令人担忧的威胁，正如它在最近的事件中所使用的那样，例如俄罗斯在2022年入侵乌克兰。本文探讨了欧盟的政策制定。它询问是否有可能解释欧盟委员会和欧洲对外行动处(EEAS)在政治机会主义方面对虚假信息进行监管的选择:通过对欧盟官员的访谈，本文发现欧盟委员会试图创造一个机会来规范这一问题，因为它认为这一问题特别突出，而且，与政治机会主义的文献可能暗示的相反，EEAS和委员会都可以被认为是这一领域的政治企业家，因为反对虚假信息的参与是由外部威胁感知主导的。

引用次数: 3

Reconciling participatory and evidence-based policymaking in the EU Better Regulation policy: mission (im)possible? 在欧盟更好的监管政策中协调参与性和循证决策：任务（im）可能吗？

IF 2.9 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Journal of European Integration

Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/07036337.2022.2144848

Adriana Bunea, Joe Chrisp

ABSTRACT Modern systems of governance are increasingly adopting measures aimed at fostering public participation in policymaking, while embedding decisions in scientific evidence under the label of Better Regulation policy. Existing research identifies tensions between participatory and evidence-based approaches. This prompts questions about one of the most ambitious reforms to combine and enhance participatory and evidence-based tools of policymaking, initiated by the European Commission in 2016. We assess the extent to which this reform successfully combined and expanded the participatory layer of supranational policymaking while also strengthening its evidence-based credentials by analysing stakeholders’ evaluations. We find that stakeholders assess both sets of measures as part of a single, integrated dimension. Participatory measures received slightly better appraisals and were better known, but both sets of measures were evaluated positively and there are no significant differences in evaluations across stakeholder categories. This points to the complementarity of measures from a stakeholder perspective.

摘要现代治理体系正在越来越多地采取旨在促进公众参与决策的措施，同时将决策嵌入科学证据中，并贴上“更好的监管政策”的标签。现有研究确定了参与性方法和循证方法之间的紧张关系。这引发了人们对欧盟委员会于2016年发起的最雄心勃勃的改革之一的质疑，该改革旨在结合和加强参与性和循证决策工具。我们评估了这项改革在多大程度上成功地结合和扩大了超国家政策制定的参与层，同时通过分析利益攸关方的评估来加强其循证资格。我们发现，利益相关者将这两套措施作为一个单一、综合的维度进行评估。参与性措施得到的评价略好，也更为人所知，但这两套措施都得到了积极评价，各利益攸关方类别的评价没有显著差异。这表明，从利益攸关方的角度来看，各项措施是相辅相成的。

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