Online peer feedback (OPF) has been proposed as a potential strategy to enhance students’ feedback literacy in writing. However, controversies exist over how OPF can be designed and implemented to produce expected impacts on learning. Er et al. (2021) proposed a framework of peer feedback with three interconnected stages. Adopting that framework, the present study focused on five elements (i.e., training, provision of assessment criteria, online group peer review, asynchronous discussions, and multiple revision opportunities) through the three stages of OPF to investigate the effects on peer feedback literacy over a 12-week intervention in an English writing course for Chinese undergraduates. Data collection instruments comprised pre- and post-study questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that students perceived an improvement in their peer feedback literacy. Eight focal participants shared their experience and reflections, coded into five categories, namely, appreciation of peer feedback, cooperative learning ability, willingness to participate, feedback-related knowledge and abilities, and gains from giving peer feedback. Specifically, it was found that interaction existed between students’ peer feedback literacy and the design elements in the online peer feedback activities. Based on the findings, suitable OPF design for EFL students is discussed and pedagogical implications for enhancing peer feedback literacy are provided.
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