Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100864
Engin Büyüköksüz
The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) was adapted to gauge psychological inflexibility among young people in a Turkish sample. The current study investigated the factorial structure, incremental validity, measurement invariance across age and gender, and test-retest reliability of the AFQ-Y8 with a sample of 968 high school students (boys = 437, girls = 531). The results confirm the factorial structure associated with psychological inflexibility. Furthermore, the AFQ-Y8 demonstrated a positive correlation with adverse psychological health outcomes. The analysis also supported measurement invariance across different age and gender groups. Additionally, psychological inflexibility exhibited incremental validity in relation to anxiety and depression. In summary, the results indicate that the Turkish AFQ-Y8 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring psychological inflexibility in adolescents. The Turkish AFQ-Y8 may prove useful in cross-cultural research on psychological inflexibility.
{"title":"The Turkish validation of the short form of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire (AFQ-Y8): Factor structure, measurement invariance, and incremental validity","authors":"Engin Büyüköksüz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) was adapted to gauge psychological inflexibility among young people in a Turkish sample. The current study investigated the factorial structure, incremental validity, measurement invariance across age and gender, and test-retest reliability of the AFQ-Y8 with a sample of 968 high school students (boys = 437, girls = 531). The results confirm the factorial structure associated with psychological inflexibility. Furthermore, the AFQ-Y8 demonstrated a positive correlation with adverse psychological health outcomes. The analysis also supported measurement invariance across different age and gender groups. Additionally, psychological inflexibility exhibited incremental validity in relation to anxiety and depression. In summary, the results indicate that the Turkish AFQ-Y8 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring psychological inflexibility in adolescents. The Turkish AFQ-Y8 may prove useful in cross-cultural research on psychological inflexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100873
Elena Rocío Serrano Ibáñez , Jade Louise Houghton , Gema T. Ruiz-Párraga , Rosa Esteve , Carmen Ramírez-Maestre , Alicia E. López-Martínez
Objective
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an emerging intervention in the paediatric population but is also increasingly being applied across a range of conditions, including chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ACT in paediatric CNCP.
Methods
A systematic review of English and Spanish articles was conducted. The search was performed in July 2023 and updated in September 2024, using Medline, APA PsycInfo, Psychology Database, APA PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included quasi-experimental pre-post studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) based on ACT treatment for the paediatric population with a diagnosis of CNCP. Data were extracted by two of the authors using predefined data fields. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Study Quality Assessment Tools of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.
Results
Nine articles met the inclusion criteria (8 pre-post studies and one RCT), involving a total of 423 children and adolescents and 380 parents. The studies assessed variables related to the following areas: physical, psychological, and social/academic. The inclusion of parents in the intervention was taken into account. At a moderate level of evidence, the following variables generally showed a significant change after the intervention: pain interference, anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, pain reactivity, and psychological flexibility in the children, adolescents, and their parents. However, overall, the studies had a moderate risk of bias.
Conclusions
ACT could be efficacious in the treatment of paediatric CNCP; furthermore, the inclusion of parents could lead to improved outcomes. While these findings are promising, further research is needed.
目的：接受与承诺疗法（ACT）是一种新兴的儿科干预手段，但也越来越多地应用于一系列疾病，包括慢性非癌性疼痛（CNCP）。本研究的目的是评估ACT在小儿CNCP中的疗效。方法对英文和西班牙文文献进行系统综述。检索于2023年7月进行，并于2024年9月更新，检索工具包括Medline、APA PsycInfo、心理学数据库、APA PsycArticles、PubMed和Web of Science。我们纳入了基于ACT治疗诊断为CNCP的儿科人群的准实验前后研究和随机对照试验（RCT）。数据由两位作者使用预定义的数据字段提取。使用国家心肺血液研究所的研究质量评估工具评估偏倚风险。结果9篇文章符合纳入标准（8篇前后研究和1篇随机对照试验），共涉及423名儿童和青少年，380名家长。这些研究评估了与以下领域相关的变量：身体、心理和社会/学术。在干预中考虑到了父母的参与。在中等证据水平上，干预后儿童、青少年及其父母的疼痛干扰、焦虑、抑郁、疼痛灾难化、疼痛反应性和心理灵活性等变量普遍表现出显著变化。然而，总的来说，这些研究有中等偏倚风险。结论act可有效治疗小儿CNCP；此外，父母的参与可能会带来更好的结果。虽然这些发现很有希望，但还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for pediatric chronic non-cancer pain: A systematic review","authors":"Elena Rocío Serrano Ibáñez , Jade Louise Houghton , Gema T. Ruiz-Párraga , Rosa Esteve , Carmen Ramírez-Maestre , Alicia E. López-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an emerging intervention in the paediatric population but is also increasingly being applied across a range of conditions, including chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ACT in paediatric CNCP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of English and Spanish articles was conducted. The search was performed in July 2023 and updated in September 2024, using Medline, APA PsycInfo, Psychology Database, APA PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included quasi-experimental pre-post studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) based on ACT treatment for the paediatric population with a diagnosis of CNCP. Data were extracted by two of the authors using predefined data fields. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Study Quality Assessment Tools of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine articles met the inclusion criteria (8 pre-post studies and one RCT), involving a total of 423 children and adolescents and 380 parents. The studies assessed variables related to the following areas: physical, psychological, and social/academic. The inclusion of parents in the intervention was taken into account. At a moderate level of evidence, the following variables generally showed a significant change after the intervention: pain interference, anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, pain reactivity, and psychological flexibility in the children, adolescents, and their parents. However, overall, the studies had a moderate risk of bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ACT could be efficacious in the treatment of paediatric CNCP; furthermore, the inclusion of parents could lead to improved outcomes. While these findings are promising, further research is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to develop and validate a novel context-sensitive measure of chronic illness-related psychological flexibility: the Psy-Flex-CI. Its factor structure and psychometric properties were explored in a sample of 286 Portuguese adults who received at least one diagnosis of chronic physical illness. Results confirmed the plausibility of the single-factor structure of the Psy-Flex-CI, with very good fit indices. Also, findings supported the Psy-Flex-CI's reliability. Support for convergent validity was also found with significant correlations between the Psy-Flex- CI and other measures of interest (psychological flexibility and inflexibility, body functionality appreciation, psychopathological symptoms) in the expected directions. Additionally, the Psy-Flex-CI showed incremental validity over a multidimensional measure of psychological flexibility (MPFI-24). Overall, our findings suggest that the Psy-Flex-CI is a reliable and valid measure to assess chronic illness-related psychological flexibility in individuals diagnosed with chronic physical illness. The development of the Psy-Flex-CI may thus be a useful contribution for the chronic illness field, in both clinical and research contexts.
{"title":"Advancing the assessment of psychological flexibility: Development and validation of a novel context-sensitive measure in people with chronic physical illness","authors":"Inês Matos-Pina , Jéssica Ferreira , Joana Marta-Simões , Mariana Moura-Ramos , Cláudia Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aimed to develop and validate a novel context-sensitive measure of chronic illness-related psychological flexibility: the Psy-Flex-CI. Its factor structure and psychometric properties were explored in a sample of 286 Portuguese adults who received at least one diagnosis of chronic physical illness. Results confirmed the plausibility of the single-factor structure of the Psy-Flex-CI, with very good fit indices. Also, findings supported the Psy-Flex-CI's reliability. Support for convergent validity was also found with significant correlations between the Psy-Flex- CI and other measures of interest (psychological flexibility and inflexibility, body functionality appreciation, psychopathological symptoms) in the expected directions. Additionally, the Psy-Flex-CI showed incremental validity over a multidimensional measure of psychological flexibility (MPFI-24). Overall, our findings suggest that the Psy-Flex-CI is a reliable and valid measure to assess chronic illness-related psychological flexibility in individuals diagnosed with chronic physical illness. The development of the Psy-Flex-CI may thus be a useful contribution for the chronic illness field, in both clinical and research contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100869
Leandro S. Boldrin , Martyn Quigley , Simon Dymond
Fear and avoidance responses acquired in the presence of one event often generalize to other symbolically related cues or events, increasing the range of potential threatening stimuli capable of evoking defensive responses. In this way, symbolic or derived generalization of fear or avoidance occurs when physically dissimilar, arbitrary stimuli come to occasion conditioned fear or avoidance responses without further training. Despite being a well-studied domain of obvious translational and clinical relevance, a systematic review of this literature has not yet been conducted. We systematically searched Web of Science and PsycINFO databases for empirical articles on the symbolic generalization of fear and avoidance in humans. Following screening, 31 articles were identified that described studies conducted with a wide range of variables and procedures, relatively small samples sizes, and often lacking justification for participant recruitment and the use of task mastery criteria. We conclude by discussing how research on the symbolic generalization of fear and avoidance in humans can provide a valid and reliable contextual behavioral model for studying and treating anxiety related disorders.
在一个事件中获得的恐惧和回避反应通常会推广到其他符号相关的线索或事件，从而增加了能够引起防御反应的潜在威胁刺激的范围。通过这种方式，当身体上不同的、任意的刺激出现在没有进一步训练的条件恐惧或回避反应中时，就会产生象征性的或衍生的恐惧或回避的泛化。尽管这是一个很好的研究领域，具有明显的翻译和临床相关性，但尚未对该文献进行系统的综述。我们系统地搜索了Web of Science和PsycINFO数据库中关于人类恐惧和回避的象征性概括的实证文章。经过筛选，确定了31篇文章，这些文章描述的研究采用了广泛的变量和程序，相对较小的样本量，并且通常缺乏参与者招募和使用任务掌握标准的理由。最后，我们讨论了对人类恐惧和回避的符号泛化的研究如何为研究和治疗焦虑相关障碍提供一个有效和可靠的情境行为模型。
{"title":"Symbolic or derived generalization of fear and avoidance in humans: A systematic review","authors":"Leandro S. Boldrin , Martyn Quigley , Simon Dymond","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fear and avoidance responses acquired in the presence of one event often generalize to other symbolically related cues or events, increasing the range of potential threatening stimuli capable of evoking defensive responses. In this way, symbolic or derived generalization of fear or avoidance occurs when physically dissimilar, arbitrary stimuli come to occasion conditioned fear or avoidance responses without further training. Despite being a well-studied domain of obvious translational and clinical relevance, a systematic review of this literature has not yet been conducted. We systematically searched Web of Science and PsycINFO databases for empirical articles on the symbolic generalization of fear and avoidance in humans. Following screening, 31 articles were identified that described studies conducted with a wide range of variables and procedures, relatively small samples sizes, and often lacking justification for participant recruitment and the use of task mastery criteria. We conclude by discussing how research on the symbolic generalization of fear and avoidance in humans can provide a valid and reliable contextual behavioral model for studying and treating anxiety related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100874
Clarissa W. Ong , Stefan G. Hofmann , Joseph Ciarrochi , Ross G. Menzies , Steven C. Hayes
Process-based therapy (PBT) is a meta-theoretical approach to psychological assessment and intervention rooted in evolutionary science and focused on dynamic change processes within particular people in their unique context. Part of the aspiration of PBT is to integrate and streamline clinical expertise across theoretical orientations, to clarify the most efficient and effective means of reducing human suffering and promoting psychological prosperity. This special issue in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, introduced by the current paper, is an initial step toward this goal. We present six articles, each highlighting a specific therapeutic approach, from acceptance and commitment therapy to existential therapy. These articles demonstrate how integrating PBT with existing models enhances the depth of case conceptualization and treatment planning.
{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on process-based therapy","authors":"Clarissa W. Ong , Stefan G. Hofmann , Joseph Ciarrochi , Ross G. Menzies , Steven C. Hayes","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process-based therapy (PBT) is a meta-theoretical approach to psychological assessment and intervention rooted in evolutionary science and focused on dynamic change processes within particular people in their unique context. Part of the aspiration of PBT is to integrate and streamline clinical expertise across theoretical orientations, to clarify the most efficient and effective means of reducing human suffering and promoting psychological prosperity. This special issue in the <em>Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science</em>, introduced by the current paper, is an initial step toward this goal. We present six articles, each highlighting a specific therapeutic approach, from acceptance and commitment therapy to existential therapy. These articles demonstrate how integrating PBT with existing models enhances the depth of case conceptualization and treatment planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100875
Clarissa W. Ong , Kate Sheehan , Adam J.D. Mann , Estella Fox
Process-based therapy (PBT) is a model of psychological assessment and treatment focused on processes of change within particular people in their unique context. Many theoretical articles have been published on PBT, but few empirical studies explicitly examining PBT exist. The current study aimed to examine the effects of PBT using a multiple baseline design (N = 5) with intensive longitudinal assessment from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Overall, idiographic outcomes improved over time, with effects varying by participant. Gains appeared to be maintained at 6-month follow-up for two of three participants. In addition, individual-level networks contained fewer pathways overall or more inhibitory pathways over time, indicating that the relationships among symptoms changed over the course of treatment. At the same time, extent of change in standardized outcomes across participants varied and certain pathways in participant networks were consistent at multiple timepoints, suggesting that treatment was not universally effective across problem indices. The present study provides a proof of concept for PBT delivery and underscores the need to consider person-level outcomes when evaluating treatment efficacy. Future directions and limitations, including small sample size, are discussed.
{"title":"Examining the effects of process-based therapy: A multiple baseline study","authors":"Clarissa W. Ong , Kate Sheehan , Adam J.D. Mann , Estella Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process-based therapy (PBT) is a model of psychological assessment and treatment focused on processes of change within particular people in their unique context. Many theoretical articles have been published on PBT, but few empirical studies explicitly examining PBT exist. The current study aimed to examine the effects of PBT using a multiple baseline design (<em>N</em> = 5) with intensive longitudinal assessment from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Overall, idiographic outcomes improved over time, with effects varying by participant. Gains appeared to be maintained at 6-month follow-up for two of three participants. In addition, individual-level networks contained fewer pathways overall or more inhibitory pathways over time, indicating that the relationships among symptoms changed over the course of treatment. At the same time, extent of change in standardized outcomes across participants varied and certain pathways in participant networks were consistent at multiple timepoints, suggesting that treatment was not universally effective across problem indices. The present study provides a proof of concept for PBT delivery and underscores the need to consider person-level outcomes when evaluating treatment efficacy. Future directions and limitations, including small sample size, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100865
Jhia Mae Woo , Cai Lian Tam , Sharuna Verghis
The call to action to develop and implement a culturally appropriate prevention program has become an important goal to remedy Malaysia's growing number of emotionally distressed adolescents. Contextual behavioural-based interventions are progressively favoured to support adolescents and young people. The present study primarily investigates the feasibility of implementing a prevention program for Malaysian adolescents using a culturally adapted Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor and Values (DNA-V) protocol. The study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, the content and ecological validity of the culturally adapted protocol, the Time to ACT! (‘TTA’) protocol was examined by five experts using a concurrent transformative mixed-methods design. The content validity was evaluated using Lawshe's Content Validity Index, and the ecological validity was assessed using Bernal's Ecological Validity Model. In Phase 2, nineteen Malaysian secondary students were recruited for the pilot to test its feasibility and acceptability by assessing anxiety, stress, and psychological flexibility levels pre- and post-program, number of dropouts, and participants' receptiveness. Further refinement and finalisation of the protocol were made post-program. In Phase 1, recommendations by the experts were made to improve the importance and clarity criteria of the major components of language (i.e. translation of terms from English to Bahasa Malaysia), metaphor (i.e. symbolism in Malaysian context) and concepts (i.e. uses of DNA-V concepts and terminologies in the Malaysian context) to enhance the content validity and ecological sensitivity of the protocol. The results in Phase 2 showed no statistically significant differences in the reduction of anxiety, stress and psychological inflexibility. Nevertheless, participants' and experts' high endorsement of its application and content showed the program's feasibility and acceptability as a prevention program for Malaysian adolescents. Most contents remained in the final versions of the ‘TTA’ protocol, with few refinements of the terminologies in the Bahasa Malaysia version of the ‘TTA’ protocol. Main findings, strengths, limitations and future directions were discussed. This study acts as a stepping stone toward future improved trials which will benefit Malaysian adolescents' mental health.
{"title":"Contextual approach to emotional and psychological support for Malaysian adolescents: Feasibility and pilot outcomes","authors":"Jhia Mae Woo , Cai Lian Tam , Sharuna Verghis","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The call to action to develop and implement a culturally appropriate prevention program has become an important goal to remedy Malaysia's growing number of emotionally distressed adolescents. Contextual behavioural-based interventions are progressively favoured to support adolescents and young people. The present study primarily investigates the feasibility of implementing a prevention program for Malaysian adolescents using a culturally adapted Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor and Values (DNA-V) protocol. The study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, the content and ecological validity of the culturally adapted protocol, the Time to <em>ACT</em>! (‘<em>TTA</em>’) protocol was examined by five experts using a concurrent transformative mixed-methods design. The content validity was evaluated using Lawshe's Content Validity Index, and the ecological validity was assessed using Bernal's Ecological Validity Model. In Phase 2, nineteen Malaysian secondary students were recruited for the pilot to test its feasibility and acceptability by assessing anxiety, stress, and psychological flexibility levels pre- and post-program, number of dropouts, and participants' receptiveness. Further refinement and finalisation of the protocol were made post-program. In Phase 1, recommendations by the experts were made to improve the importance and clarity criteria of the major components of language (i.e. translation of terms from English to Bahasa Malaysia), metaphor (i.e. symbolism in Malaysian context) and concepts (i.e. uses of DNA-V concepts and terminologies in the Malaysian context) to enhance the content validity and ecological sensitivity of the protocol. The results in Phase 2 showed no statistically significant differences in the reduction of anxiety, stress and psychological inflexibility. Nevertheless, participants' and experts' high endorsement of its application and content showed the program's feasibility and acceptability as a prevention program for Malaysian adolescents. Most contents remained in the final versions of the ‘<em>TTA</em>’ protocol, with few refinements of the terminologies in the Bahasa Malaysia version of the ‘<em>TTA</em>’ protocol. Main findings, strengths, limitations and future directions were discussed. This study acts as a stepping stone toward future improved trials which will benefit Malaysian adolescents' mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100866
Rebecca O'Sullivan , Jeeda Alhakim
Previous research suggests that experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between alexithymia and psychological distress. However, concerns persist regarding the validity of:
1) mediation analyses in cross-sectional samples, 2) common measures of alexithymia and experiential avoidance, and 3) solely quantitative approaches to studying alexithymic individuals. This study addresses these gaps using a sequential explanatory methodology comprising of: 1) a quantitative phase employing improved psychometric questionnaires to examine relationships between alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and distress, and 2) a qualitative phase exploring the lived experiences of individuals with alexithymia. A sample of 211 UK adults replicated prior quantitative findings, showing strong positive correlations between experiential avoidance, alexithymia, and psychological distress. However, no link was found between the Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) facet of alexithymia and psychological distress. This led to a qualitative investigation of men with EOT, analysed using template analysis, a codebook approach to Thematic Analysis. The combined results suggest that life experiences may drive avoidance of unwanted private experiences. Moreover, the qualitative findings indicate two mechanisms explaining EOT's lack of association with psychological distress. First, EOT may serve as a protective factor against positive and negative emotional affect. Second, patriarchal norms may encourage emotional suppression and avoidant coping, leading to underreporting distress in mood questionnaires. Important theoretical and clinical implications are discussed through a Counselling Psychology lens, leading to a critique of assumptions underlying modern therapeutic techniques that may contribute to social injustice.
{"title":"A mixed methods study investigating alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and psychological distress: Insights into men with high externally oriented thinking","authors":"Rebecca O'Sullivan , Jeeda Alhakim","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research suggests that experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between alexithymia and psychological distress. However, concerns persist regarding the validity of:</div><div>1) mediation analyses in cross-sectional samples, 2) common measures of alexithymia and experiential avoidance, and 3) solely quantitative approaches to studying alexithymic individuals. This study addresses these gaps using a sequential explanatory methodology comprising of: 1) a quantitative phase employing improved psychometric questionnaires to examine relationships between alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and distress, and 2) a qualitative phase exploring the lived experiences of individuals with alexithymia. A sample of 211 UK adults replicated prior quantitative findings, showing strong positive correlations between experiential avoidance, alexithymia, and psychological distress. However, no link was found between the Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) facet of alexithymia and psychological distress. This led to a qualitative investigation of men with EOT, analysed using template analysis, a codebook approach to Thematic Analysis. The combined results suggest that life experiences may drive avoidance of unwanted private experiences. Moreover, the qualitative findings indicate two mechanisms explaining EOT's lack of association with psychological distress. First, EOT may serve as a protective factor against positive and negative emotional affect. Second, patriarchal norms may encourage emotional suppression and avoidant coping, leading to underreporting distress in mood questionnaires. Important theoretical and clinical implications are discussed through a Counselling Psychology lens, leading to a critique of assumptions underlying modern therapeutic techniques that may contribute to social injustice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix in enhancing values-based behaviors and psychological flexibility among special education teachers, with a focus on alleviating self-reported stress and burnout. Using a mixed concurrent and non-concurrent multiple probe design, data were collected on in-session and out-session value-driven behaviors. In-session data were documented via a paper copy of the ACT Matrix, while out-session data were captured through a mobile application. The training spanned five weekly sessions, followed by a two-week post-study phase with continued data collection. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and during follow-up, focusing on burnout, stress, and psychological flexibility. Results indicated successful increases in the identification of both toward and away moves during sessions. Notably, out-session results showed a significant increase in toward moves for two participants, alongside a consistent decrease in avoidance behaviors, suggesting a sustainable impact of the training beyond the immediate intervention. Psychological flexibility and stress measures improved markedly from baseline to intervention for two participants, while burnout effects were mixed. Participants also rated the training as socially valid. The study discusses the implications of using ACT to reduce stress and burnout within behavior analysis framework.
{"title":"Transforming strain into strength: Alleviating stress and burnout in special education teachers with ACT matrix intervention","authors":"Melissa Diaz , Yors Garcia , Tyler Ré , Thomas Szabo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix in enhancing values-based behaviors and psychological flexibility among special education teachers, with a focus on alleviating self-reported stress and burnout. Using a mixed concurrent and non-concurrent multiple probe design, data were collected on in-session and out-session value-driven behaviors. In-session data were documented via a paper copy of the ACT Matrix, while out-session data were captured through a mobile application. The training spanned five weekly sessions, followed by a two-week post-study phase with continued data collection. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and during follow-up, focusing on burnout, stress, and psychological flexibility. Results indicated successful increases in the identification of both toward and away moves during sessions. Notably, out-session results showed a significant increase in toward moves for two participants, alongside a consistent decrease in avoidance behaviors, suggesting a sustainable impact of the training beyond the immediate intervention. Psychological flexibility and stress measures improved markedly from baseline to intervention for two participants, while burnout effects were mixed. Participants also rated the training as socially valid. The study discusses the implications of using ACT to reduce stress and burnout within behavior analysis framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological flexibility (PF) and psychological inflexibility (PI) are two contrasting concepts central in acceptance and commitment therapy. The multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory (MPFI) could comprehensively assess the 12 factors of PF and PI, thus providing a measure to examine their internal relationships. In the current study, we used the cross-lagged panel network approach to explore the longitudinal associations between the 12 PF/PI components. A sample of 447 Chinese adults (mean age = 31.19, SD = 6.41) completed an online survey at two timepoints. The cross-sectional network revealed the central roles of self-as-context, defusion, fusion and experiential avoidance. The cross-lagged panel network revealed that fusion, committed action, and self-as-context were influential nodes on other dimensions, whereas inaction and defusion had high levels of predictability. The current findings shed new light on the internal structure of the PF/PI components, and elucidated nodes that were central in the cross-sectional status and longitudinal changes. The identified nodes may help inform clinicians of potential loci for intervention, and clarify the theoretical connections within the complex network of psychological flexibility processes.
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between psychological flexibility and inflexibility dimensions: A cross-lagged panel network analysis","authors":"Wei (Gabriel) Qi , Jie Wen , Zhiwei Zhou, Miao Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological flexibility (PF) and psychological inflexibility (PI) are two contrasting concepts central in acceptance and commitment therapy. The multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory (MPFI) could comprehensively assess the 12 factors of PF and PI, thus providing a measure to examine their internal relationships. In the current study, we used the cross-lagged panel network approach to explore the longitudinal associations between the 12 PF/PI components. A sample of 447 Chinese adults (mean age = 31.19, <em>SD</em> = 6.41) completed an online survey at two timepoints. The cross-sectional network revealed the central roles of self-as-context, defusion, fusion and experiential avoidance. The cross-lagged panel network revealed that fusion, committed action, and self-as-context were influential nodes on other dimensions, whereas inaction and defusion had high levels of predictability. The current findings shed new light on the internal structure of the PF/PI components, and elucidated nodes that were central in the cross-sectional status and longitudinal changes. The identified nodes may help inform clinicians of potential loci for intervention, and clarify the theoretical connections within the complex network of psychological flexibility processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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