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GAN-Based Privacy-Preserving Intelligent Medical Consultation Decision-Making 基于 GAN 的保护隐私的智能医疗会诊决策
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09902-z
Yicheng Gong, Wenlong Wu, Linlin Song

In the era of big data, information leakage during medical consultation has become a crucial factor in patients’ decision-making. This paper presents an intelligent medical decision model that considers patient privacy. The model utilizes data synthesized through a generative adversarial network (GAN) for intelligent training, ensuring privacy protection. First, we formulate a risk-based decision model for three different alternative medical consultation modes, analyzing decision rules related to visiting distance and disease probability. Next, we construct a data-driven intelligent medical decision framework. To address privacy concerns, we employ GAN to generate synthetic data from historical patient records, which is seamlessly incorporated into the decision framework to derive decision rules. Finally, specific patient data is utilized to make informed medical decisions. We validated our model using the random forest algorithm and liver disease patients’ medical decisions. Empirical findings demonstrate that the GAN-based synthetic data improves the nearest-neighbor distance ratio by 12.4% compared to synthetic data with Gaussian noise, thereby enhancing data privacy. Additionally, the GAN-based prediction models outperform the models trained on real data, achieving a notable increase of 6.3% and 4.1% in average accuracy and F1 score, respectively. Notably, the GAN-based intelligent decision-making models surpass four other baseline medical visit decision-making methods with an impressive accuracy of 74.0%. In conclusion, our proposed intelligent medical decision-making model effectively prioritizes user data privacy while enhancing the quality of medical decision-making.

在大数据时代,就诊过程中的信息泄露已成为影响患者决策的关键因素。本文提出了一种考虑患者隐私的智能医疗决策模型。该模型利用生成式对抗网络(GAN)合成的数据进行智能训练,确保隐私得到保护。首先,我们针对三种不同的替代就诊模式制定了基于风险的决策模型,分析了与就诊距离和疾病概率相关的决策规则。接下来,我们构建了一个数据驱动的智能医疗决策框架。为了解决隐私问题,我们利用 GAN 从历史病人记录中生成合成数据,并将其无缝纳入决策框架,从而得出决策规则。最后,利用具体的患者数据做出明智的医疗决策。我们使用随机森林算法和肝病患者的医疗决策验证了我们的模型。实证研究结果表明,与高斯噪声合成数据相比,基于 GAN 的合成数据提高了 12.4% 的近邻距离比,从而增强了数据的私密性。此外,基于 GAN 的预测模型优于在真实数据上训练的模型,在平均准确率和 F1 分数上分别显著提高了 6.3% 和 4.1%。值得注意的是,基于 GAN 的智能决策模型以 74.0% 的惊人准确率超越了其他四种基线就诊决策方法。总之,我们提出的智能医疗决策模型在提高医疗决策质量的同时,有效地优先考虑了用户数据隐私。
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引用次数: 0
UCD–CE Integration: A Hybrid Approach to Reinforcing User Involvement in Systems Requirements Elicitation and Analysis Tasks UCD-CE 整合:强化用户参与系统需求征询和分析任务的混合方法
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09897-7
Christine Kalumera Akello, Josephine Nabukenya

Requirements elicitation and analysis tasks in user-centered design (UCD) are pivotal for assessing digital systems’ quality and costs. However, these tasks often face challenges due to limited user involvement. This stems from unclear guidelines on how to conduct activities and engage users effectively to achieve their goals during the development process. This study explored how the integration of collaboration engineering (CE) principles with UCD approach could address these challenges. Using an Applied Science / Engineering approach, a UCD-CE process was designed drawing on the Six-layer model of Collaboration. This model aligns the CE steps with UCD principles (why), practices (what), and methods (how). Data collection tools included structured interviews, questionnaires, and observations, supported by techniques like user stories and dialogues, as well as thinkLets, and patterns of collaboration. Formative and summative evaluations were used to validate the UCD-CE process; and the results underscore its strengths, particularly its efficiency in helping users to complete tasks on time, reducing effort in reaching common goals, fostering high user satisfaction, promoting creativity and productivity, ensuring ease-of-use and learnability, and delivering comprehensive outcomes in requirements elicitation and analysis tasks during the development process. Future research aims to assess the practicality of UCD-CE integration in reinforcing user involvement during the UCD design phase.

以用户为中心的设计(UCD)中的需求征集和分析任务对于评估数字系统的质量和成本至关重要。然而,由于用户参与度有限,这些任务往往面临挑战。这是因为在开发过程中,如何有效地开展活动和吸引用户参与以实现其目标的指导原则不明确。本研究探讨了如何将协作工程(CE)原则与用户中心设计(UCD)方法相结合,以应对这些挑战。采用应用科学/工程学方法,借鉴协作六层模型,设计了 UCD-CE 流程。该模型将 CE 步骤与 UCD 原则(为什么)、实践(做什么)和方法(怎么做)结合起来。数据收集工具包括结构化访谈、问卷调查和观察,并辅以用户故事、对话、thinkLets 和协作模式等技术。形成性评估和总结性评估被用来验证 UCD-CE 流程;结果凸显了它的优势,特别是在帮助用户按时完成任务、减少实现共同目标的工作量、提高用户满意度、促进创造力和生产力、确保易用性和可学习性以及在开发过程中提供需求征询和分析任务的综合成果方面的效率。未来的研究旨在评估在用户中心设计阶段加强用户参与的 UCD-CE 整合的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Fostering Psychological Safety in Global Virtual Teams: The Role of Team-Based Interventions and Digital Reminder Nudges 促进全球虚拟团队的心理安全:基于团队的干预和数字提醒的作用
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09899-5
Isabella Seeber, Carolin Fleischmann, Peter Cardon, Jolanta Aritz

Psychological safety (PS), the feeling of being comfortable to express one’s ideas or opinions in teams, is a key determinant of successful global virtual teams (GVT). Even though considerable knowledge exists about its antecedents, it is unknown how team-based interventions (TBI) and technology-based interventions (digital reminder nudges, DRN) foster PS among team members. Based on a survey involving 235 participants, our data show that TBI and DRN foster psychological safety in GVT. However, only the effect of TBI on psychological safety can be explained with a higher-quality coordination process. It remains unclear what causal mechanism explains the effect of DRN. These findings contribute to the literature on PS by showing that TBI facilitate effective coordination processes and to the literature on digital nudges by demonstrating that technology-based reminders drive PS.

心理安全(PS)是指在团队中能够自如地表达自己的想法或意见,它是全球虚拟团队(GVT)取得成功的一个关键决定因素。尽管关于心理安全的前因后果已有很多知识,但基于团队的干预措施(TBI)和基于技术的干预措施(数字提醒提示,DRN)如何促进团队成员的心理安全仍是未知数。基于一项涉及 235 名参与者的调查,我们的数据显示,TBI 和 DRN 促进了龙8国际娱乐城中的心理安全。然而,只有 TBI 对心理安全的影响可以用更高质量的协调过程来解释。目前仍不清楚是什么因果机制解释了 DRN 的效果。这些研究结果表明 TBI 可促进有效的协调过程,从而为 PS 方面的文献做出了贡献;同时也证明了基于技术的提醒可促进 PS,从而为数字提示方面的文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
On the Combinatorial Acceptability Entropy Consensus Metric for Multi-Criteria Group Decisions 论多标准小组决策的组合可接受性熵共识度量法
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09891-z
Jana Goers, Graham Horton

In group decisions, achieving consensus is important, because it increases commitment to the result. For cooperative groups, Combinatorial Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (CMAA) is a group decision framework that can achieve consensus efficiently. It is based on a novel Combinatorial Acceptability Entropy (CAE) consensus metric. As an output measure, the CAE metric is unique in its ability to identify the evaluations that have the greatest impact on consensus and to prevent premature consensus. This paper is intended to complement the original CMAA publication by providing additional insights into the CAE consensus metric. The design requirements for the CAE algorithm are presented, and it is shown how these requirements follow from the properties of cooperative decisions. The CAE-based consensus-building algorithm is contrasted both qualitatively and quantitatively with a representative example of the conventional input distance and input averaging approach to multi-criteria consensus-building. A simulation experiment illustrates the ability of the CAE-based algorithm to converge quickly to the correct decision as defined for cooperative decisions. The metric is able to meet a new, more stringent definition of hard consensus. The CAE approach highlights the need to distinguish between competitive and cooperative group decisions. Attention in the literature has been paid almost exclusively to the former type; the CAE approach demonstrates the greater efficiency and effectiveness that can be achieved with an approach that is designed specifically for the latter.

在群体决策中,达成共识非常重要,因为它能增强对结果的承诺。对于合作小组来说,组合多标准可接受性分析(CMAA)是一种能有效达成共识的小组决策框架。它基于一种新颖的组合可接受性熵(CAE)共识度量。作为一种输出指标,CAE 指标的独特之处在于它能够识别对共识影响最大的评价,并防止过早达成共识。本文旨在补充 CMAA 的原始出版物,提供对 CAE 共识度量的更多见解。本文介绍了 CAE 算法的设计要求,并说明了这些要求是如何从合作决策的特性中衍生出来的。基于 CAE 的建立共识算法与传统的多标准建立共识的输入距离和输入平均方法的代表实例进行了定性和定量对比。模拟实验表明,基于 CAE 的算法能够快速收敛到合作决策所定义的正确决策。该指标能够满足新的、更严格的 "硬共识 "定义。CAE 方法强调了区分竞争性和合作性群体决策的必要性。文献中对前者的关注几乎是唯一的;CAE 方法展示了专为后者设计的方法所能达到的更高的效率和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing Content Synthesis in Macro-Task Crowdsourcing Facilitation Leveraging Natural Language Processing 利用自然语言处理推进宏观任务众包促进中的内容合成
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09894-w
Henner Gimpel, Robert Laubacher, Oliver Meindl, Moritz Wöhl, Luca Dombetzki

Macro-task crowdsourcing presents a promising approach to address wicked problems like climate change by leveraging the collective efforts of a diverse crowd. Such macro-task crowdsourcing requires facilitation. However, in the facilitation process, traditionally aggregating and synthesizing text contributions from the crowd is labor-intensive, demanding expertise and time from facilitators. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-level performance in natural language processing. This paper proposes an abstract design for an information system, developed through four iterations of a prototype, to support the synthesis process of contributions using LLM-based natural language processing. The prototype demonstrated promising results, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in synthesis activities for macro-task crowdsourcing facilitation. By streamlining the synthesis process, the proposed system significantly reduces the effort to synthesize content, allowing for stronger integration of synthesized content into the discussions to reach consensus, ideally leading to more meaningful outcomes.

宏观任务众包是利用不同人群的集体努力来解决气候变化等棘手问题的一种有前途的方法。这种宏观任务众包需要协助。然而,在促进过程中,传统上对来自人群的文本贡献进行聚合和综合是一项劳动密集型工作,对促进者的专业知识和时间要求很高。大型语言模型(LLMs)的最新进展表明,其在自然语言处理方面的性能已达到人类水平。本文提出了一种信息系统的抽象设计,通过对原型进行四次迭代开发而成,以支持使用基于 LLM 的自然语言处理技术进行贡献合成的过程。该原型取得了可喜的成果,提高了宏观任务众包促进合成活动的效率和效果。通过简化合成过程,拟议的系统大大减少了合成内容的工作量,使合成内容能够更有力地融入讨论以达成共识,从而取得更有意义的成果。
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引用次数: 0
How Can Risk-Averse and Risk-Taking Approaches be Considered in a Group Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problem? 如何在集体多标准决策问题中考虑风险规避和风险承担方法?
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09895-9
Siamak Kheybari, Mohammad Reza Mehrpour, Paul Bauer, Alessio Ishizaka

We propose an alternative decision-making methodology based on adopting a mixed risk-averse and risk-taking behavior, improving the objectivity of decision-making. We demonstrate the methodology by prioritizing Iranian tourism centers’ activity under pandemic conditions, providing insights to policymakers on those to keep active or reduce the activity of – hence, those worth developing ahead of future disease outbreaks. This research follows a three-step methodology. First, criteria for evaluation are identified and categorized into tourist attractions, infrastructure, and healthcare dimensions. Second, criterion weights are calculated based on expert opinions, collected using a best-worst method-based questionnaire. Third, tourism centers are evaluated by employing risk-averse and risk-taking best-worst methods. We identify popular attractions, general services, and drugstore accessibility as the primary indicators of tourist attractions, infrastructure, and healthcare, respectively. By clustering tourism centers using K-means algorithm, we find that, in order, the cities of Semnan, Kerman and Zahedan are the tourism centers most suited to staying active during disease outbreaks. For multi-criteria decision-making problems that rely on experts’ evaluations, the proposed methodology can improve the reliability of decision-making. The methodology and framework presented can be used to support various types of decision-making, including evaluation, ranking, selection or sorting.

我们提出了一种基于风险规避和风险承担混合行为的替代决策方法,以提高决策的客观性。我们通过对伊朗旅游中心在大流行病条件下的活动进行优先排序来演示该方法,从而为政策制定者提供有关保持活跃或减少活跃的旅游中心的见解--因此,那些值得在未来疾病爆发前开发的旅游中心。本研究采用三步法。首先,确定评估标准,并将其分为旅游景点、基础设施和医疗保健三个方面。其次,根据专家意见计算标准权重,并采用最佳-最差法进行问卷调查。第三,采用风险规避和风险承担的最佳-最差法对旅游中心进行评估。我们将热门景点、一般服务和药店可达性分别确定为旅游景点、基础设施和医疗保健的主要指标。通过使用 K-means 算法对旅游中心进行聚类,我们发现塞姆南市、克尔曼市和扎黑丹市依次是最适合在疾病爆发期间保持活跃的旅游中心。对于依赖专家评价的多标准决策问题,所提出的方法可以提高决策的可靠性。所提出的方法和框架可用于支持各种类型的决策,包括评估、排序、选择或排序。
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引用次数: 0
A Large-Scale Group Decision-Making Model Considering Expert Authority Degree and Relationship Evolution Under Social Network 考虑专家权威程度和社会网络下关系演变的大规模群体决策模型
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09892-y
Hong Huo, Ruinan Sun, Hao He, Zongwei Ren

In Large-Scale Group Decision-Making (LSGDM), effectively implementing consensus models is pivotal for managing decision complexity. While trust-based LSGDM has garnered attention, there remains a need for deeper insights into the dynamics of interexpert trust and the impact of authority effects on the decision-making process. This study introduces a sophisticated model for large-scale group decision-making, incorporating considerations of expert “trustworthiness-authority.” Initially, the study assesses the trustworthiness of experts based on social network relationships and opinion similarity while using background information and consensus levels to establish their authority. Subsequently, experts are categorized into four distinct regions based on their trustworthiness and authority assessments. Furthermore, tailored consensus adjustment methods are proposed for each region based on social contagion theory to facilitate consensus achievement. Additionally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed LSGDM model, considering expert “trustworthiness-authority.” Finally, the necessity and superiority of the proposed model are further verified through comparison analysis and sensitivity analysis.

在大规模群体决策(LSGDM)中,有效实施共识模型对于管理决策的复杂性至关重要。虽然基于信任的 LSGDM 已引起关注,但仍需深入了解专家间信任的动态以及权威效应对决策过程的影响。本研究为大规模群体决策引入了一个复杂的模型,将专家的 "可信度-权威性 "考虑在内。首先,研究根据社会网络关系和意见相似性来评估专家的可信度,同时利用背景信息和共识水平来确定专家的权威性。随后,根据专家的可信度和权威性评估结果,将专家分为四个不同的区域。此外,基于社会传染理论,为每个区域提出了量身定制的共识调整方法,以促进共识的达成。此外,考虑到专家的 "可信度-权威性",通过案例研究证明了所提出的 LSGDM 模型的合理性和有效性。最后,通过对比分析和敏感性分析,进一步验证了所提模型的必要性和优越性。
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Core-Nash Bargaining Game Consensus Mechanism for Group Decision Making 用于群体决策的自适应核心-纳什讨价还价博弈共识机制
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09888-8
Jie Tang, Fanyong Meng

As a process for ensuring the agreeable degree of individual opinions, consensus analysis is crucial for GDM. This paper focuses on the adaptive consensus mechanism. That's, different adjustment strategies are employed for various consensus levels. Unlike the feedback iteration method, this paper introduces an optimization model-based consensus-reaching procedure. To do this, optimal models are built to determine the minimum consensus adjustment at different levels. Then, the individual minimum consensus adjustment is analyzed, and the inconsistency between individual and group minimum consensus adjustments is concluded. After that, consensus adjustment cooperative games at three levels are proposed to allocate the total minimum consensus adjustment in view of the comprehensive evaluation. We can obtain the coalitional stability allocation scheme using the core of constructed cooperative games. Additionally, core-Nash bargaining games at three levels are proposed to ensure the fairness and coalitional stability of allocation results. Finally, a numerical example is offered to indicate the application of the new theoretical developments.

作为确保个体意见一致程度的过程,共识分析对于全球需求管理至关重要。本文重点讨论适应性共识机制。即针对不同的共识度采用不同的调整策略。与反馈迭代法不同,本文引入了基于优化模型的达成共识程序。为此,本文建立了优化模型,以确定不同层次的最小共识调整。然后,分析个体最小共识调整,得出个体最小共识调整与群体最小共识调整不一致的结论。之后,结合综合评价,提出了三个层次的共识调整合作博弈来分配总的最小共识调整。利用构建的合作博弈核心,我们可以得到联盟稳定分配方案。此外,还提出了三个层次的核心纳什讨价还价博弈,以确保分配结果的公平性和联盟稳定性。最后,我们提供了一个数字实例来说明新理论发展的应用。
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引用次数: 0
COMB: Scalable Concession-Driven Opponent Models Using Bayesian Learning for Preference Learning in Bilateral Multi-Issue Automated Negotiation COMB:利用贝叶斯学习在双边多问题自动谈判中进行偏好学习的可扩展让步驱动型对手模型
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09889-7
Shengbo Chang, Katsuhide Fujita

Learning an opponent’s preferences in bilateral multi-issue automated negotiations can lead to more favorable outcomes. However, existing opponent models can fail in negotiation contexts when their assumptions about opponent behaviors differ from actual behavior patterns. Although integrating broader behavioral assumptions into these models could be beneficial, it poses a challenge because the models are designed with specific assumptions. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptable opponent model that integrates a general behavioral assumption. Specifically, the proposed model uses Bayesian learning (BL), which can apply various behavioral assumptions by considering the opponent’s entire bidding sequence. However, this BL model is computationally infeasible for multi-issue negotiations. Hence, current BL models often impose constraints on their hypothesis space, but these constraints about the utility function’s shape significantly sacrifice accuracy. This study presents a novel scalable BL model that relaxes these constraints to improve accuracy while maintaining linear time complexity by separately learning each parameter of a utility function. Furthermore, we introduce a general assumption that the opponent’s bidding strategy follows a concession-based pattern to enhance adaptability to various negotiation contexts. We explore three likelihood function options to implement this assumption effectively. By incorporating these options into the proposed scalable model, we develop three scalable concession-driven opponent models using Bayesian learning (COMB). Experiments across 45 negotiation domains using 15 basic agents and 15 finalists from the automated negotiating agents competition demonstrate the proposed scalable model’s higher accuracy than existing scalable models. COMB models show higher adaptability to various negotiation contexts than state-of-the-art models.

在双边多问题自动谈判中,学习对手的偏好可以带来更有利的结果。然而,当现有的对手模型对对手行为的假设与实际行为模式不同时,就会在谈判中失败。虽然将更广泛的行为假设整合到这些模型中是有益的,但由于模型是根据特定的假设设计的,因此这也是一个挑战。因此,本研究提出了一种整合了一般行为假设的可调整对手模型。具体来说,本研究提出的模型采用贝叶斯学习法(Bayesian Learning,BL),可以通过考虑对手的整个出价序列来应用各种行为假设。然而,这种贝叶斯学习模型对于多问题谈判来说在计算上是不可行的。因此,当前的基本学习模型通常会对其假设空间施加约束,但这些关于效用函数形状的约束会大大牺牲准确性。本研究提出了一种新颖的可扩展 BL 模型,该模型通过分别学习效用函数的每个参数,放宽了这些限制,从而在保持线性时间复杂性的同时提高了准确性。此外,我们还引入了一个一般假设,即对手的出价策略遵循基于让步的模式,以增强对各种谈判环境的适应性。我们探讨了三种有效实现这一假设的似然函数选项。通过将这些选项纳入所提出的可扩展模型,我们利用贝叶斯学习(COMB)开发出了三种可扩展的让步驱动型对手模型。使用 15 个基本代理和 15 个自动谈判代理竞赛决赛选手在 45 个谈判领域进行的实验表明,与现有的可扩展模型相比,所提出的可扩展模型具有更高的准确性。与最先进的模型相比,COMB 模型对各种谈判环境的适应性更高。
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引用次数: 0
Confidence and Outcome Expectations in Bilateral Negotiations–A Dynamic Model 双边谈判中的信心和结果预期--一个动态模型
IF 3 4区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10726-024-09886-w
Rudolf Vetschera, Luis C. Dias

This work proposes and studies a dynamic model of two bargaining parties exchanging offers over time, considering their confidence about the share of the “pie” they obtain, which translates into expectations regarding the outcome of the bargaining process. The model predicts the sequence of offers as well as the final agreement for given confidence parameters. A mathematical analysis of the model shows the outcome is an Asymmetric Nash Bargaining Solution with exponents determined by the bargainers’ confidence. Moreover, a compensation effect can be found between confidence and risk aversion. This work also considers that confidence levels of bargainers might change during the negotiation, and we conduct a comprehensive simulation study to analyze the effect of such changes. Through Monte-Carlo simulation, we show that a bargainer is better off if its confidence increases, but the advantage is lost if the other party’s confidence increases in a similar way. In that case, concessions are smaller and negotiations last longer. Changing confidence parameters make the outcome harder to predict, as it will depend more on the final confidence than the initial one. The simulations also show that the average size of concessions, and therefore the final agreement, depend not only on whether confidence increases or decreases, but also on the change rate, with stronger effects observed when change accelerates towards the end of the process.

这项研究提出并研究了一个动态模型,模型中讨价还价的双方会随着时间的推移交换出价,同时考虑到他们对自己获得的 "馅饼 "份额的信心,这种信心会转化为对讨价还价过程结果的预期。该模型可预测出价顺序以及给定信心参数下的最终协议。对模型的数学分析显示,结果是一个非对称纳什议价方案,其指数由议价者的信心决定。此外,还可以发现信心和风险规避之间存在补偿效应。本研究还考虑到谈判过程中谈判者的信心水平可能会发生变化,并对这种变化的影响进行了全面的模拟研究分析。通过蒙特卡洛模拟,我们发现,如果谈判方的信心增加,那么谈判方的优势就会更大,但如果对方的信心也以类似的方式增加,那么谈判方的优势就会丧失。在这种情况下,让步会更小,谈判持续的时间会更长。信心参数的变化使结果更难预测,因为它将更多地取决于最终信心而非初始信心。模拟结果还表明,让步的平均规模以及最终协议的达成不仅取决于信心的增加或减少,还取决于变化率,当变化率在进程末期加速变化时,会产生更强的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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