Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000792
A. E. B. Coldiron
{"title":"Inside the Kaleidoscope: Translation's Challenge to Critical Concepts","authors":"A. E. B. Coldiron","doi":"10.1632/s0030812923000792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923000792","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47559,"journal":{"name":"PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000731
Robert G. Lee, Elizabeth A. Winston, Eileen M. Forestal
{"title":"Lessons from American Sign Language–English Interpreting","authors":"Robert G. Lee, Elizabeth A. Winston, Eileen M. Forestal","doi":"10.1632/s0030812923000731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923000731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47559,"journal":{"name":"PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000536
Rachel Galvin
Abstract A wave of self-translated poetry signals a significant new phase in Latinx literature. This inventive poetry, which seeks to expand translation's creative and theoretical horizons, is attuned to inequities in cultural capital associated with English and Spanish in the United States and to the histories and contemporary contexts responsible for those inequities. My case study is Mónica de la Torre's Repetition Nineteen, which illuminates the complexities of bilingual Mexican American experience and the implications of an author's translating her own work. I argue that Repetition Nineteen is a “transcreation” (Haroldo de Campos's term for creative translation) that critiques transculturation in the United States.
自译诗歌的兴起标志着拉丁文学进入了一个重要的新阶段。这首富有创造力的诗歌，旨在拓展翻译的创造性和理论视野，与美国英语和西班牙语相关的文化资本的不平等以及造成这些不平等的历史和当代背景相协调。我的案例研究是Mónica de la Torre的《十九次重复》，它阐明了双语墨西哥裔美国人经历的复杂性，以及作者翻译自己作品的含义。我认为《第19次重复》是一种批评美国跨文化的“跨创作”(Haroldo de Campos对创造性翻译的术语)。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000652
{"title":"In Memoriam","authors":"","doi":"10.1632/s0030812923000652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923000652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47559,"journal":{"name":"PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000718
Anthony Pym
{"title":"Active Translation Literacy in the Literature Class","authors":"Anthony Pym","doi":"10.1632/s0030812923000718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923000718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47559,"journal":{"name":"PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000706
Eric Keenaghan
ERIC KEENAGHAN is associate professor and chair of English at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He is the author of Queering Cold War Poetry (Ohio State UP, 2009) and coeditor of The Muriel Rukeyser Era: Selected Prose by Muriel Rukeyser (Cornell UP, 2023). For his other publications about queer poetry and queer translation, as well as American modernist, Cold War, and leftist poetry and poetics, visit www.albany .edu/english/faculty/eric-keenaghan. From circa 1969 to 1991, from the Stonewall uprising through the AIDS pandemic’s first decade, gay and lesbian liberation activists trusted language’s power to establish new social and political commonality. Poetry, especially, was admired for its metaphoric translation of queerness, its ability to move LGBTQ+ desires and identities out of the closets of private, isolated experience into collective minoritarian language communities, even national public discourse. After Stonewall, American activist poetry also was translated literally to be used for consciousness-raising groups and grassrootsmobilization. Take the example of a reader from West Germany who wrote to the lesbian feminist magazine Amazon Quarterly that after encountering Judy Grahn’s now-classic poem “A Woman Is Talking to Death” (1974) in an earlier issue, she was so moved she translated it for rape survivors. “Finally some poetry to identify with!” she celebrated. Grahn’s poem proved a valuable resource for her community since “[g]ay consciousness in Germany is not yet [developed] far enough to really produce its own culture” (Barbara). Despite such early testimonials about queer poetry and translation’s healing power and agency-producing potential, only recently have scholars begun to address “theory, practice, [and] activism” as “thoroughly entangled” in queer translation, particularly of academic, theoretic, and political texts (Baer and Kaindl 4). Such work, as Michela Baldo argues in relation to translating queer and feminist theory, is performative, an “act of producing and making new discourses [about LGBTQ+ experience] visible” and thus generating new forms of politicized subjectivity and community (43). Though overlooked, the translation of queer poetry historically has similarly connected theory, practice, and activism. Lyricism, common to most
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Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s003081292300072x
Luise von Flotow
{"title":"Feminist Translation and Translation Studies: In Flux toward the Transnational","authors":"Luise von Flotow","doi":"10.1632/s003081292300072x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1632/s003081292300072x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47559,"journal":{"name":"PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000494
Lawrence Venuti
Abstract Some readers prefer an earlier translation in which they encounter a source text, particularly a canonized work, over later versions of the same text. The decisive encounter is so compelling as to establish an enduring attachment that entails denigration or outright rejection of later versions. Insofar as the attachment suggests obsessiveness, it can be called a fixation. The readers’ responses share features that transcend membership in specific linguistic communities and cultural institutions: they value a high degree of readability, which is construed as an indication of greater equivalence to the source text. Here the readers reveal their assumption of an instrumental model—that is, an understanding of translation as the reproduction or transfer of an invariant contained in or caused by the source text, an invariant form, meaning, or effect. The fixation can be illuminated by considering the intersubjective relations in which the preferred translation is first encountered. Cases recorded or represented in literary texts enable a more incisive account of the conditions that shape the reader's experience: John Keats's poem “On First Looking into Chapman's Homer” (1816) and Vladimir Nabokov's novel Pnin (1957). These texts disclose an identity-forming process that can be deepened with Jacques Lacan's concept of the “object a. ” The instrumentalism that underpins the fixation deserves consideration because it would in effect deny or stop cultural change, innovative interpretation, the very practice of translation.
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Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s003081292300041x
David Harrison
Abstract While it no longer seems possible to speak of an invisible narrator of La princesse de Clèves , the 1678 historical novel by Madame de Lafayette, the notion of an invisible translator defines the work of late-twentieth-century English translations of the novel. According to this view, the translator should remain unseen by the reader and therefore “faithful” to the original text, so as not to upset the interpretive possibilities that Lafayette offers. In fact, however, the translator's infidelity is both necessary and vital to interpreting eros in La princesse de Clèves . The novel itself makes infidelity a form of insight, and Lafayette's vocabulary forces English translators into situations where any choice can be simultaneously unfaithful and correct. Like the character of the princess, translators have conflicting fidelities that should be made visible to fully reveal the richness of the novel.
尽管在拉法耶特夫人(Madame de Lafayette) 1678年出版的历史小说《cl公主》(La princesse de cl)中，似乎再也不可能出现隐形的叙述者，但“隐形译者”的概念却定义了20世纪末这部小说的英译作品。根据这一观点，译者应该不被读者看到，从而“忠实于”原文，以免打乱拉斐特提供的解释可能性。然而，事实上，译者的不忠对于解读《公主》中的爱欲是必要的，也是至关重要的。小说本身使不忠成为一种洞察力，而拉斐特的词汇迫使英语译者陷入任何选择都可能同时是不忠和正确的境地。就像公主的性格一样，译者也有相互矛盾的忠诚，为了充分展现小说的丰富性，应该让这些忠诚可见。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1632/s0030812923000457
Olivia Lott
Abstract From 1968 to 1969 the Argentine modernist Juan Gelman invented and translated into Spanish a contemporary from the United States, named Sidney West, who wrote about small-town mid-American life. Traducciones III: Los poemas de Sidney West ( Translations III: The Poems of Sidney West ) is a pseudotranslation—a text disguised as a translation that in fact has no corresponding original. While most critics identify Gelman's recourse to pseudotranslation as a personal undertaking, this essay examines the experiment for the first time within the inter-American Cold War context of the 1960s, locating pseudo/translation as an in/subordinate poetic protocol particularly well equipped for intervening in the soft-power mechanisms of US cultural imperialism—in ways that are both treasonous and collaborative. This essay recovers the anti-imperialist politics of the West poems, expands conversations on translation in Gelman's poetry, and proposes pseudo/translation as a new, bifocal mode of reading for texts that forge cross-cultural contact.
从1968年到1969年，阿根廷现代主义者胡安·格尔曼(Juan Gelman)创作了一位同时代的美国作家西德尼·韦斯特(Sidney West)的作品，并将其翻译成西班牙语。Traducciones III: Los poemas de Sidney West(翻译III: The Poems of Sidney West)是一个伪翻译——一个伪装成翻译的文本，实际上没有相应的原文。虽然大多数评论家认为格尔曼对伪翻译的利用是一种个人行为，但本文首次在20世纪60年代的美洲冷战背景下考察了这一实验，将伪翻译定位为一种处于从属地位的诗歌礼仪，特别适合以既叛逆又合作的方式干预美国文化帝国主义的软实力机制。本文还原了西方诗歌中的反帝国主义政治，扩展了关于翻译的对话，并提出伪/翻译作为一种新的、双焦点的文本阅读模式，以形成跨文化接触。
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