Global Strategy Journal最新文献_第7页

Geographical reconfiguration in global value chains: Search within limited space? 全球价值链中的地理重构：在有限空间内搜索？

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1441

Carlos Rodriguez, Luciano Ciravegna, Bent Petersen

Research summary

Negative performance feedback in offshoring service activities entices firms to undertake geographical reconfiguration of their global value chains (GVCs) as a substitute for, or complement to, change of governance modes, decomposition of offshored activities, or shift of local service providers. In this study, we build on performance feedback theory and the concept of problemistic search to examine the extent to which firms move offshored service activities to new countries when facing negative performance gaps. We also examine if these relocations take place within a search space limited by the managers' cognitive span. We formulate a set of hypotheses revolving around this idea of search within a limited space. Our hypotheses are supported when tested on a sample of global sourcing projects undertaken by 223 firms between 1995 and 2012.

Managerial summary

The essence of reconfiguration is the continuous search for efficient combinations of functions, local service providers (when functions are outsourced), governance modes, and—in our case—locations. Limiting the search for improved combinations to fewer locations entails a higher dependence on these locations maintaining the country-location-specific advantages that made them attractive in the first place. It is thus possible that multinational enterprise (MNE) managers who reconfigure their GVC in a geographically bounded way in the long run will struggle to compete with MNEs that search for optimality within a broader range of locations as possible remedies for the GVC operations that experience negative performance gaps.

负绩效差距促使企业对其全球价值链（GVC）进行地域重组，以替代或补充治理模式的改变、离岸活动的分解或当地服务提供商的转移。在这项研究中，我们以绩效反馈理论和问题搜索的概念为基础，考察了当绩效差距为负时，企业将离岸服务活动转移到新国家的程度。我们还考察了这些迁移是否发生在受管理者认知跨度限制的搜索空间内。我们围绕着在有限空间内进行搜索的想法提出了一组假设。在对1995年至2012年间230家公司开展的全球采购项目样本进行测试时，我们的假设得到了支持。

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引用次数: 3

In the name of national security: Foreign takeover protection and firm innovation efficiency 以国家安全之名:外资收购保护与企业创新效率

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1440

Wei Shi, Boshuo Li

Research Summary

This study investigates the influence of foreign takeover protection triggered by investment-related national security screening laws and regulations on firm innovation efficiency. Drawing on agency theory, we argue that an increase in foreign takeover protection can lead to a reduction in innovation efficiency—the amount of innovation output relative to innovation input—by encouraging managerial entrenchment that can result in ineffective allocation and use of R&D resources. Such effects are weaker in the presence of monitoring from external governance actors—dedicated institutional investors and financial analysts. Using the enactment of the Foreign Investment and National Security Act in the United States as our empirical context, we find support for our arguments.

Managerial Summary

Many countries have enacted investment-related national security screening laws and regulations to protect domestic high-tech firms from foreign acquisitions. Although the goal of these laws and regulations is to retain the country's leadership position in global innovation, it may unintendedly lead to a reduction in firm innovation efficiency—the effectiveness in transforming innovation input to output—by encouraging managerial entrenchment that can give rise to ineffective allocation and use of R&D resources. Such effect is weaker when other external governance actors, such as dedicated institutional investors and financial analysts, impose stronger monitoring on managers. Our arguments are supported by empirical analyses in the context of the enactment of the Foreign Investment and National Security Act in the United States.

本研究考察了投资相关国家安全审查法律法规引发的外资收购保护对企业创新效率的影响。根据代理理论，我们认为外国收购保护的增加可能会导致创新效率的降低——创新产出相对于创新投入的数量——通过鼓励管理堑壕，可能导致研发资源的无效配置和使用。在外部治理行为者——专门的机构投资者和金融分析师——的监督下，这种影响会减弱。以美国《外国投资与国家安全法》的颁布为实证背景，我们找到了支持我们论点的证据。许多国家制定了与投资有关的国家安全审查法律法规，以保护国内高科技公司不受外国收购。尽管这些法律法规的目标是保持国家在全球创新中的领导地位，但它可能会无意中导致企业创新效率的降低——将创新投入转化为产出的有效性——通过鼓励可能导致研发资源分配和使用无效的管理壕沟。当其他外部治理参与者(如专门的机构投资者和金融分析师)对管理者施加更强的监督时，这种效果就会减弱。我们的论点得到了在美国颁布《外国投资与国家安全法》背景下的实证分析的支持。

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引用次数: 1

Global strategy collections: Emerging market multinational enterprises 全球战略集合:新兴市场跨国企业

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1439

Torben Pedersen, Stephen Tallman

Research Summary

This first collection of articles for global strategy focuses on the relatively new phenomenon of Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises (EMNEs). The first topic to draw real attention to articles in Global Strategy Journal, the study of EMNEs challenges many assumptions about what characteristics make a firm a successful MNE and forces a reconsideration of fundamental questions in strategic management. The articles in the collection provide a good introduction to the topic, but there is much more research on the topic in a variety of journals for those scholars considering the EMNE as a topic for their own research.

Managerial summary

In the last couple of decades, we have seen the emergence of EMNEs that are competing globally. This primer on EMNEs points at the specificities of EMNEs including their ownership-specific advantages, their pattern of internationalization, their innovation strategies for catching-up, and not least how their ownership and the home conditions in less developed countries alter their behavior. These are important factors that serve to help scholars to understand the strategies and actions of EMNEs and how they gain their competitive strengths on the global scene.

这是全球战略的第一个文章集，重点关注新兴市场跨国企业(EMNEs)的相对较新的现象。作为《全球战略期刊》文章的第一个真正引起人们注意的主题，对跨国企业的研究挑战了许多关于什么特征使一家公司成为成功的跨国企业的假设，并迫使人们重新考虑战略管理中的基本问题。文集中的文章为该主题提供了很好的介绍，但对于那些将EMNE作为自己研究主题的学者来说，在各种期刊上对该主题的研究要多得多。在过去的几十年里，我们看到了在全球范围内竞争的emne的出现。这本关于新兴市场国家的入门书指出了新兴市场国家的特殊性，包括它们的所有权特有的优势、它们的国际化模式、它们的追赶创新战略，尤其是它们的所有权和欠发达国家的国内条件如何改变它们的行为。这些都是重要的因素，有助于学者理解EMNEs的战略和行动，以及它们如何在全球舞台上获得竞争优势。

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引用次数: 2

Rent appropriation in global value chains: The past, present, and future of intangible assets 全球价值链中的租金占用:无形资产的过去、现在和未来

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1438

Peter J. Buckley, Roger Strange, Marcel P. Timmer, Gaaitzen J. de Vries

Research Summary

The argument of this article is that global strategy research should devote greater attention to rent appropriation in global value chains (GVCs). We discuss the concept of intangible assets, emphasize their scalability at low marginal cost and highlight strategies for the appropriation of rents from these assets. Returns captured by intangible assets are shown to be much greater than those captured by tangible assets in GVCs of manufactured products. Regions in the world are found to be specializing in different GVC stages, with China rising as a key location for rent generation in upstream and production activities. We conclude that the rents from intangible assets are major drivers of economic development and of corporate success and offer insights into rent appropriation trends in the future.

Managerial Summary

Intangible assets include computerized information (such as databases and software), innovative property (such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights), and economic competencies (such as brand equity and organizational capital). Our analysis shows that the returns to intangible assets in the GVCs of manufactured goods have risen substantially in importance over the past 20 years. A further finding is that within GVCs, the rent share of upstream stages has been increasing at the expense of rents shares of both the production and downstream stages. These findings suggest that the effective deployment, management, and protection of intangible assets is of critical importance to the ability of firms to create and maintain sustainable competitive advantages in global markets. In GVCs, intangibles matter, big time!

本文的观点是，全球战略研究应该更多地关注全球价值链中的租金分配问题。我们讨论了无形资产的概念，强调了它们在低边际成本下的可扩展性，并强调了从这些资产中获取租金的策略。在制成品的全球价值链中，无形资产所获得的回报远远大于有形资产所获得的回报。研究发现，世界各地的区域专门从事不同的全球价值链阶段，中国正在崛起，成为上游和生产活动中产生租金的关键地点。我们得出结论，无形资产的租金是经济发展和企业成功的主要驱动力，并提供了未来租金占用趋势的见解。无形资产包括计算机化信息(如数据库和软件)、创新财产(如专利、商标和版权)和经济能力(如品牌资产和组织资本)。我们的分析表明，在过去20年里，制成品全球价值链中无形资产的回报率显著上升。进一步的发现是，在全球价值链中，上游阶段的租金份额一直在增加，而生产和下游阶段的租金份额则在减少。这些发现表明，有效地部署、管理和保护无形资产对于企业在全球市场中创造和保持可持续竞争优势的能力至关重要。在全球价值链中，无形资产很重要，非常重要!

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引用次数: 9

The importance of rare events and other outliers in global strategy research 罕见事件和其他异常值在全球战略研究中的重要性

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1437

Paul W. Beamish, Vanessa C. Hasse

Research Summary

Rare events and other nonerror outliers (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) are important phenomena in global strategy contexts. Despite their salience, however, they have hardly been studied systematically in our field (or organizational research at large). We suggest that this is due to a dominance of the Gaussian paradigm, which (often unrealistically) assumes linearity and independence of observations. Moreover, case-based qualitative studies which offer contextualization have been underrepresented. We thus call on researchers to abolish the practice of habitually discarding outliers, reflect on nonnormal distributions, and pursue more qualitative studies. Journal editors and reviewers should widen their assumptions regarding “acceptable” papers and reflect on the requirement of contributing to big “T” theories. Finally, PhD training should juxtapose fundamental paradigms and associated implications for epistemological choices.

Managerial Summary

Extreme occurrences, such as organizational crises, recessions, or pandemics, are challenges most practitioners deal with and worry about. Understanding their determinants, characteristics, and dynamics allows for heightened vigilance, preparedness, and ultimately performance. Yet, much of global strategy research (and organizational research at large) has focused on “average” phenomena, based on methodologies that assume bell-shaped distributions and independent observations. In this note, we argue that this is not a realistic way to think about most social phenomena. In fact, most are characterized by their high degree of interdependence among elements, as well as a relative commonness of “rare” events and outliers. As a result of embracing the reality of nonnormality, scholars will be able to offer more relevant guidance to practitioners.

罕见事件和其他非误差异常值(如COVID-19大流行)是全球战略背景下的重要现象。然而，尽管它们很突出，但在我们的领域(或整个组织研究领域)，它们几乎没有被系统地研究过。我们认为，这是由于高斯范式的主导地位，它(通常不切实际地)假设了观测的线性和独立性。此外，提供情境化的基于案例的定性研究代表性不足。因此，我们呼吁研究人员摒弃习惯性地抛弃异常值的做法，反思非正态分布，并进行更多的定性研究。期刊编辑和审稿人应该扩大他们对“可接受”论文的假设，并反思对大“T”理论的贡献要求。最后，博士培训应该并列基本范式和认识论选择的相关含义。极端事件，如组织危机、衰退或流行病，是大多数从业人员应对和担心的挑战。了解它们的决定因素、特征和动态可以提高警惕、准备和最终的性能。然而，许多全球战略研究(以及总体上的组织研究)都集中在“平均”现象上，基于假设钟形分布和独立观察的方法。在这篇文章中，我们认为这不是一种思考大多数社会现象的现实方式。事实上，大多数的特点是元素之间高度相互依赖，以及“罕见”事件和异常值的相对共性。由于接受了不正常的现实，学者将能够为实践者提供更相关的指导。

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引用次数: 14

International experience and imitation of location choices: The role of experience interpretation and assessment and its board-level microfoundations 区位选择的国际经验与模仿:经验解释与评估的作用及其董事会层面的微观基础

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1428

Ettore Spadafora, Claudio Giachetti, Makafui Kwame Kumodzie-Dussey, B. Elango

Research summary

Drawing on the information-based imitation and information-processing perspectives, we examine how experience interpretation and assessment—and in particular its board-level microfoundations—affects the relationship between a firm's international experience and its decision to imitate the market leader's location choices. Our results show that the negative relationship between international experience and imitation of location choices is positively moderated by board turnover, board age, and board equity ownership but not influenced by board gender diversity. These findings advance our understanding of the interplay between information-based motives for imitation and firms' information processing and organizational learning. Specifically, we contribute to research on the effect of international experience on firms' mimetic behavior by pointing out the relevance of experience interpretation and assessment from a microfoundations perspective.

Managerial summary

Our study provides indications for executives attempting to predict competitors' global strategy. When it comes to location choices, we find that companies with less international experience are more likely to follow the market leader, while those internationally experienced are more likely to follow their own path. Moreover, lower board turnover, relatively younger directors, and smaller equity ownership can favor the articulation and exploitation of the lessons offered by prior international experiences, thus further reducing the company's inclination to imitate the leader's location choices. Firms seeking an independent path toward internationalization can therefore use corporate governance—and in particular board-level factors—to enhance their ability to interpret and assess their international experience.

借鉴基于信息的模仿和信息处理的观点，我们研究了经验解释和评估——尤其是董事会层面的微观基础——如何影响公司的国际经验与其模仿市场领导者的区位选择决策之间的关系。研究结果表明，国际经验与区位选择模仿之间的负向关系受到董事会更替、董事会年龄和董事会股权比例的正向调节，而不受董事会性别多样性的影响。这些发现促进了我们对基于信息的模仿动机与企业信息加工和组织学习之间相互作用的理解。具体来说，我们从微观基础的角度指出了经验解释和评估的相关性，从而有助于研究国际经验对企业模仿行为的影响。我们的研究为试图预测竞争对手全球战略的高管提供了指示。在区位选择方面，我们发现国际经验较少的公司更倾向于跟随市场领导者，而具有国际经验的公司更倾向于走自己的路。此外，较低的董事会更替率、相对年轻的董事和较小的股权所有权有利于阐明和利用先前国际经验提供的教训，从而进一步降低公司模仿领导者位置选择的倾向。因此，寻求独立国际化道路的公司可以利用公司治理——尤其是董事会层面的因素——来提高其解释和评估其国际经验的能力。

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引用次数: 3

Navigating the paradox of global scaling 驾驭全球规模的悖论

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1435

Esther Tippmann, Sinéad Monaghan, Rebecca A. Reuber

Research summary

Much global strategy research explores the management of competing strategic demands. Although these demands vary by a firm's context, the focus has been largely on established long-lived multinational enterprises (MNEs) that are not based on digital technologies. There is thus a need to extend theory to take into account the co-existence of rapid growth and digitization, a condition which is increasingly prominent. This study of globally scaling digital firms shows that they navigate the paradoxical demands of replication, to achieve frictionless rapid growth, and entrepreneurship, to innovate and remain competitive. We provide a theoretical model, which shows how MNEs navigate this global scaling paradox through a virtuous cycle of identifying innovations that can be replicated. Surprisingly, given the ease of modifying digital products and services, navigating the global scaling paradox involves minimizing local responsiveness, which is regarded as antithetical to replication. This research also builds insights on the global strategies of digital firms.

Managerial summary

Many digital firms strive to scale globally to achieve market dominance in competitive, fast-paced industries, but only a few succeed. Studying software-as-a-service firms that have successfully scaled globally, we illustrate that the core demands of global scaling are replication and entrepreneurship. Although contradictory, both demands need to be satisfied in tandem. Leaders of globally scaling firms can achieve this through a strategy that sustains three interrelated mechanisms: top-down replication, bottom-up entrepreneurial orientation, and replicable innovation generation to engender and screen replicable ideas. These mechanisms represent a virtuous cycle through which globally scaling digital firms can revise their global business model in a replicable way in order to sustain competitiveness.

许多全球战略研究探讨了竞争性战略需求的管理。尽管这些需求因公司背景而异，但重点主要集中在不基于数字技术的老牌长期跨国企业(MNEs)上。因此，有必要扩展理论，以考虑到快速增长和数字化共存的情况，这是一个日益突出的情况。这项对全球规模的数字公司的研究表明，他们驾驭了复制的矛盾需求，以实现无摩擦的快速增长，以及创业精神，以创新和保持竞争力。我们提供了一个理论模型，该模型展示了跨国公司如何通过识别可复制创新的良性循环来应对这种全球规模悖论。令人惊讶的是，考虑到修改数字产品和服务的便利性，驾驭全球规模悖论涉及到最小化本地响应，这被认为是与复制对立的。这项研究还建立了对数字公司全球战略的见解。许多数字公司努力在全球范围内扩大规模，以在竞争激烈的快节奏行业中获得市场主导地位，但只有少数公司成功。通过研究那些成功实现全球扩张的软件即服务公司，我们发现全球扩张的核心需求是复制和创业精神。这两种需求虽然相互矛盾，但需要同时得到满足。全球规模公司的领导者可以通过维持三个相互关联的机制的战略来实现这一目标:自上而下的复制、自下而上的创业导向和可复制的创新产生，以产生和筛选可复制的想法。这些机制代表了一种良性循环，通过这种循环，全球规模的数字公司可以以可复制的方式修改其全球商业模式，以保持竞争力。

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引用次数: 12

The MNE and its subsidiaries at times of global disruptions: An international relations perspective 全球动荡时期的跨国公司及其子公司:国际关系视角

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1436

Klaus E. Meyer, Chengguang Li

Research Summary

The global economy has recently entered a period of disruptions, increasing barriers to cross-border business and potentially inhibiting the merits and legitimacy of integrated global strategies. We explore how three major disruptions in the global economy (reduced people mobility, divergent national regulatory institutions, and anti-globalization populism) affect the strategies of multinational enterprises, and, in particular, the role of their foreign subsidiaries. These external disruptions call for a reassessment of theories regarding the nature of global strategy and the interaction between businesses and their political environment. Specifically, we argue that the international relations perspectives of realism, liberalism, and constructivism help explain the nature of the disruptions, and hence can inform strategy scholarship in explaining and examining strategic responses to such external disruptions.

Managerial Summary

Firms establish subsidiaries abroad in order to exploit the opportunities of globalization to the benefit of their shareholders and other stakeholders. However, the global economy has recently entered a period of disruptions that include reduced people mobility, divergent national regulatory institutions, and increased anti-globalization populism. We argue that these disruptions will not only create new operational challenges for global strategies and new needs for local adaptation but may even challenge the legitimacy of global business models. We turn to political science for explanations and find that three paradigms of international relations offer contrarian predictions not only on the big disruptions but also on the ability of MNEs to influence political processes driving the disruptions.

全球经济最近进入了一个混乱的时期，增加了跨境业务的障碍，并可能抑制综合全球战略的优点和合法性。我们将探讨全球经济中的三个主要中断(人员流动性减少、国家监管机构分歧和反全球化民粹主义)如何影响跨国企业的战略，特别是其外国子公司的作用。这些外部干扰要求我们重新评估有关全球战略性质以及企业与其政治环境之间相互作用的理论。具体而言，我们认为现实主义、自由主义和建构主义的国际关系视角有助于解释这种中断的本质，因此可以为战略学术解释和研究对这种外部中断的战略反应提供信息。企业在国外设立子公司是为了利用全球化的机会，使其股东和其他利益相关者受益。然而，全球经济最近进入了一个混乱的时期，包括人口流动性减少，国家监管机构分歧，反全球化民粹主义抬头。我们认为，这些中断不仅会给全球战略带来新的运营挑战，也会给地方适应带来新的需求，甚至可能挑战全球商业模式的合法性。我们转向政治学寻求解释，发现国际关系的三种范式提供了相反的预测，不仅对大破坏，而且对跨国公司影响推动破坏的政治进程的能力。

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引用次数: 22

Do I see what you see? Institutional quality, action observability, and multimarket contact in the global mobile phone industry 我看到你看到的了吗？全球手机行业的制度质量、行动可观察性和多市场联系

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1433

Claudio Giachetti, Joseph Lampel, Ergun Onoz

Research Summary

Drawing on signaling theory and the international business literature that addresses the role of institutions, we argue that multinational enterprises (MNEs) that use multimarket contact (MMC)—that is, meet the same competitors in multiple countries—to reduce rivalry in a given country, will have their actions and performance influenced by the institutional quality of that country. More specifically, we contend that action observability is the mechanism that explains why institutional quality facilitates an MNE's use of MMC with competitors in a host country. We also contend that an MNE's ability to successfully reduce rivalry with host country competitors via MMC is contingent on the institutional quality distance between the MNE's home and host country. We test our hypotheses with data from the mobile phone industry.

Managerial Summary

MNEs often meet the same rivals simultaneously in multiple countries, a phenomenon known as market overlap or MMC. Prior studies have found that MMC deters rivals from attacking each other in the countries they have in common. However, these studies have not taken into account the heterogeneity of the institutional environments of the countries in which multimarket rivals compete. We contend that the quality of countries' institutions and the institutional quality distance between home and host countries affect the extent to which MNEs can observe each other's actions, which in turn helps rival MNEs to avoid mutually damaging moves for their sales performance in the countries they have in common.

研究摘要借鉴信号传递理论和有关制度作用的国际商业文献，我们认为，跨国企业利用多市场接触（MMC）--即在多个国家遇到相同的竞争对手--来减少在某个国家的竞争，其行动和绩效会受到该国制度质量的影响。更具体地说，我们认为，行动的可观察性是解释为什么制度质量有利于多国企业与东道国竞争对手进行多式接触的机制。我们还认为，多国企业能否通过多式联运成功减少与东道国竞争对手的竞争，取决于多国企业母国与东道国之间的制度质量距离。我们用移动电话行业的数据检验了我们的假设。管理摘要多国企业经常会在多个国家同时遇到相同的竞争对手，这种现象被称为市场重叠（MMC）。先前的研究发现，MMC 会阻止竞争对手在共同的国家相互攻击。然而，这些研究并没有考虑到多市场竞争对手所在国家制度环境的异质性。我们认为，各国的制度质量以及母国与东道国之间的制度质量距离会影响多国企业观察对方行动的程度，进而帮助竞争对手避免在共同国家采取对其销售业绩造成相互损害的行动。

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引用次数: 0

Role of context in knowledge flows: Host country versus headquarters as sources of MNC subsidiary knowledge inheritance 背景在知识流动中的作用:东道国与总部作为跨国公司附属知识继承的来源

IF 7.6 2区管理学 Q1 BUSINESS

Global Strategy Journal

Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1002/gsj.1434

Mike Horia Mihail Teodorescu, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna

Research Summary

We respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying the theoretical lens of subsidiary absorptive capacity and building on a gravity model, we propose an approach that can distinguish and compare the influences of the host country context and headquarters over the subsidiary knowledge production. Some subsidiaries may become global second headquarters and innovation hubs, as evidenced qualitatively in the paper with the case of Cisco. Essentially, subsidiaries, characterized by higher stocks of knowledge and greater number of locally hired employees are likely to absorb relatively more knowledge from the local host country context.

Managerial Summary

Managers at multinational companies have to carefully balance acquiring knowledge from the headquarters, vis-a-vis acquiring knowledge from the local context of countries where the firm has subsidiaries. In contrast to a “headquarter-centric” approach where most of the knowledge management activities are centered around the MNC headquarters, we argue that larger subsidiaries, often characterized by a large presence of local R&D workers, might disproportionately draw knowledge from the local context, rather than from the headquarters. In addition to developing theoretical propositions along these lines, we provide an illustrative example of how Cisco opened a “second headquarters” in India, to learn from the rich local context.

我们回应战略和国际商业文献中的呼吁，阐明跨国子公司如何在东道国发展情境智能，以及它们如何利用当地情境作为宝贵学习机会的来源。本文运用子公司吸收能力的理论视角，在引力模型的基础上，提出了一种能够区分和比较东道国背景和总部对子公司知识生产影响的方法。一些子公司可能成为全球第二总部和创新中心，这在论文中以思科为例进行了定性证明。基本上，以知识储备较高和当地雇用雇员人数较多为特点的子公司可能从当地东道国的情况中吸收相对较多的知识。跨国公司的管理者必须仔细平衡从总部获取知识与从公司设有子公司的国家的当地环境中获取知识之间的关系。与“以总部为中心”的方法相反，大多数知识管理活动都以跨国公司总部为中心，我们认为，规模较大的子公司通常以大量当地研发人员为特征，可能会不成比例地从当地环境中汲取知识，而不是从总部汲取知识。除了沿着这些思路提出理论命题外，我们还提供了一个说明思科如何在印度开设“第二总部”的例子，以借鉴丰富的当地背景。

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引用次数: 1