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Slurs and speech acts 诽谤和言语行为
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.12.003
Aldo Frigerio , Maria Paola Tenchini
In this essay, a multi-act view of the meaning of slurs is defended. According to such view, when a speaker utters a sentence containing a slur, she simultaneously performs two different speech acts, one of which, following Searle's taxonomy (Searle, 1975), is an expressive one. Although this view is a particular version of expressivism, it has many advantages over other versions of this theory. First, it allows a clearer definition of the expressive component of slurs by relating slurs with other sentences in which we express various attitudes, not only contempt. Second, it can explain descriptive ineffability drawing on the fact that non-representative speech acts cannot be reduced to representative ones. Third, it can respond to some powerful criticisms recently directed against expressivism.
在这篇文章中,对诽谤的意义进行了多行为观点的辩护。根据这一观点,当说话者说出含有污语的句子时,她同时进行了两种不同的言语行为,按照Searle的分类(Searle, 1975),其中一种言语行为是表达性的。虽然这种观点是表现主义的一个特殊版本,但它比其他版本的表现主义理论有很多优点。首先,它通过将slurs与我们表达各种态度(而不仅仅是轻蔑)的其他句子联系起来,使slurs的表达成分得到更清晰的定义。其次,它可以利用非代表性言语行为不能简化为代表性言语行为这一事实来解释描述性不可言说。第三,它可以回应最近针对表现主义的一些强有力的批评。
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引用次数: 0
Black humour as official slogan: The CDA from Chinese anti-epidemic discourse 黑色幽默作为官方口号:来自中国抗疫话语的CDA
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.12.002
Yifan Chen, Qian Gong, Sender Dovchin
Black humour is associated with illness, death, and crisis and is frequently used as grassroots resistance to hegemonic power. However, black humour has received little attention concerning how it is appropriated by the state. Thus, this study contributes to reconceptualise black humour as the anti-epidemic slogans of the Chinese Communist Party by combining Bakhtin's carnivalesque and Van Leeuwen's (2007) legitimation strategies within Critical Discourse Analysis paradigm to investigate how inhumane slogans are legitimised. Our findings reveal that the CCP employs three legitimation strategies–authorisation, moral evaluation, and rationalisation–to maintain its power status through official slogans. This study offers a new perspective on how power relations are sustained and renegotiated through the official language in China.
黑色幽默与疾病、死亡和危机联系在一起,经常被用作草根阶层对霸权的反抗。然而,黑色幽默在如何被国家挪用的问题上却很少受到关注。因此,本研究通过在批判话语分析范式中结合巴赫金的狂欢式和范莱文(2007)的合法化策略来研究非人道的口号是如何合法化的,从而有助于将黑色幽默重新定义为中国共产党的抗流行病口号。我们的研究结果表明,中共采用了授权、道德评价和合理化三种正当化策略,通过官方口号来维持其权力地位。本研究为权力关系如何通过中国官方语言维持和重新谈判提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Ways of participating in a colleague's project: Radio use as collaborative activity in UN military observer training 参与同事项目的方式:无线电作为联合国军事观察员培训的协作活动
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.11.007
Iira Rautiainen
This study examines interactional moments of radio use in an adult learning setting, focusing on ways team members in a patrolling exercise participate in their colleague's project in UN military observer training. I show that in training settings, participation involves joint orientation to a shared objective, and it is used to facilitate learning and development of new skills. Radio communication is an emblematic part of UN military observers' work, and it is the way patrols keep in touch with their base. Learning to use the radio is thus an important objective in the training. The data come from authentic simulated military observer training using English as a lingua franca. Findings are scalable to and applicable in various collaborative working and learning settings.
本研究考察了在成人学习环境中无线电使用的互动时刻,重点关注巡逻演习中的团队成员参与其同事在联合国军事观察员培训中的项目的方式。我指出,在培训环境中,参与涉及到共同的目标,并用于促进新技能的学习和发展。无线电通信是联合国军事观察员工作的标志性组成部分,也是巡逻队与基地保持联系的方式。因此,学习使用无线电是培训的一个重要目标。这些数据来自真实的模拟军事观察员训练,使用英语作为通用语言。研究结果可扩展并适用于各种协作工作和学习环境。
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引用次数: 0
Japanese women's desire for the West and English study motivation 日本女性对西方的渴望与英语学习动机
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.12.006
Yoko Kobayashi
This study reconsiders the well-documented argument that young Japanese women's romantic desire (akogare) for the gender equality of the West motivates them to study English. This study analyzes numerical and written data from 100 female Japanese English learners aged 20 to 59. The findings revealed that while akogare for the West serves as a catalyst for English study among them, the motivational effect differs by age and self-perceived English proficiency. The study also shows that many research participants assess young Japanese women's akogare for the West as natural due to their perceptions of the West as a place endowed with positive attributes (e.g., appreciation for individual freedom).
这项研究重新考虑了一个有充分证据的论点,即年轻的日本女性对西方性别平等的浪漫欲望(akogare)促使她们学习英语。本研究分析了100名年龄在20至59岁之间的日本女性英语学习者的数字和书面数据。研究结果显示,虽然西方文化对他们的英语学习起到了催化剂的作用,但这种激励作用因年龄和自我认知的英语熟练程度而异。该研究还表明,许多研究参与者认为年轻日本女性对西方的喜爱是自然的,因为她们认为西方是一个被赋予积极属性的地方(例如,对个人自由的欣赏)。
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引用次数: 0
Sequence organization in the instruction of embodied activities 在具体活动指导中的顺序组织
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.11.003
Oskar Lindwall , Lorenza Mondada
This study investigates how the instruction of embodied, ongoing activities and tasks is sequentially organized. The study is based on video recordings from various settings, including surgery, handicrafts, and driving. It builds on previous conversation analytic research on sequence organization and elaborates on notions such as adjacency pairs and retro-sequences. The study demonstrates that instructional interactions aimed at teaching and learning bodily and manual skills are organized in ways distinct from interactions where the focus of the activity can be achieved through talk alone. The actions of experts and novices are occasioned by and operate on ongoing, embodied, and visually accessible courses of action, constituting the performance of the task. Both instructors and novices analyse tasks and activities into component parts and orient towards the developing horizon of future steps. Instructions and the work of following them are responsive and indexical to the unfolding performance and to what needs to be done next. This results in sequence organizations that parallel but in significant respects differ from those found in talk-in-interaction.
本研究探讨具身的、进行中的活动和任务的教学是如何按顺序组织的。这项研究基于各种场景的视频记录,包括手术、手工艺品和驾驶。它建立在先前序列组织对话分析研究的基础上,详细阐述了邻接对和回溯序列等概念。该研究表明,旨在教授和学习身体和手工技能的教学互动,其组织方式与仅通过谈话即可实现活动重点的互动截然不同。专家和新手的行动是由持续的、具体化的、可视的行动路线所引发和操作的,构成了任务的执行。教师和新手都将任务和活动分析成各个组成部分,并朝着未来步骤的发展方向发展。指示和遵循指示的工作对展开的性能和下一步需要做的事情具有响应性和索引性。这就产生了序列组织,它们与在互动中交谈的组织相似,但在很大程度上不同。
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引用次数: 0
“Democracy under attack”: Viewpoint and doxa in the coverage of the Jan. 6th, 2021 events at the US Capitol “民主受到攻击”:2021年1月6日美国国会大厦事件报道中的观点和观点
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.11.001
Philippe Hambye , Samuel Vernet
This paper aims at addressing issues related to the expression of subjectivity in media discourse, and more specifically to highlight the presence of doxa among journalists’ discourse. These issues will be addressed through an analysis of the transcript of the morning broadcast of two radio channels – the public radio channel in France, France Inter, and in French-speaking Belgium, La Première – covering the “attack” on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6th, 2021. Because it reports an event which was at the same time very politically loaded and unexpected, the journalistic account of this event helps to reveal and question the continuum between facts reporting and the expression of personal opinions, with all the nuances of clear and less clear sharing of subjective viewpoint in between. The paper shows that subjectivity is present under different guises, including attribution, evaluative statements and doxa. The paper then establishes the difference between the plurality of voices and the plurality of viewpoints – a key distinction in the production of information and in the journalistic habitus.
本文旨在解决与媒体话语中主体性表达相关的问题,更具体地说,是为了突出新闻工作者话语中doxa的存在。这些问题将通过对两个广播频道早间广播的文字记录进行分析来解决,这两个广播频道是法国的公共广播频道France Inter和讲法语的比利时的La premiires,它们报道了2021年1月6日对美国国会大厦的“袭击”。因为它所报道的事件同时具有很强的政治色彩和出乎意料,所以对这一事件的新闻报道有助于揭示和质疑事实报道和个人观点表达之间的连续性,以及两者之间清晰和不太清晰的主观观点分享的所有细微差别。主观性以不同的形式存在,包括归因、评价性陈述和doxa。然后,本文建立了声音多元性和观点多元性之间的区别——这是信息生产和新闻习惯中的一个关键区别。
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引用次数: 0
Name it till you mean it: Intersections between formal and semantic neological procedures in naming emerging pandemic objects in Spanish 说出它的意思在用西班牙语命名新出现的流行对象时,形式和语义新程序之间的交叉点
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.10.010
Miguel Sánchez Ibáñez , Paula Pérez Sobrino
The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between formal and semantic neological procedures in the coinage of COVID-19-related emerging realities. Our study is based on a survey conducted to elicit the spontaneous creation of neologisms in Spanish related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked to name a set of pandemic-related objects presented to them in a set of pictures. Naming strategies resulted mostly from the intersection of metonyms with compounding and metaphors with syntagmation. Participants preferred metonymy-based strategies to name objects they have fewer clues to identify. On the other hand, objects resulting from the adaptation of pre-existing items were mostly named using metaphors.
本研究的目的是调查在创造与 COVID-19 相关的新现实时,形式新词程序与语义新词程序之间的关系。我们的研究基于一项调查,该调查旨在诱导人们自发创造与 COVID-19 大流行相关的西班牙语新词。参与者被要求为一组图片中出现的与大流行病相关的物体命名。命名策略主要来自于近义词与复合词的交叉以及隐喻与句法的交叉。学员们更倾向于以隐喻为基础的策略来命名他们没有太多线索可以识别的对象。另一方面,对已有物品进行改编后产生的物品大多使用隐喻来命名。
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引用次数: 0
A flood of illegal immigrants or a humanitarian crisis provoked by the government – A comparative mixed-methods analysis of framing strategies of Poland's two leading media outlets 非法移民泛滥还是政府挑起的人道主义危机--对波兰两家主要媒体报道策略的混合方法比较分析
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.10.005
Marcin Kosman
The present paper aims at reconstructing, analyzing, and explaining the framing of the situation at the Polish-Belarusian border in 2021 and early 2022 by Poland’s two most influential television stations: the state-controlled right-wing TVP and the commercial left-liberal TVN. The main analytical approach used in this study was Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA). It is a branch of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) that pays special attention to the sociopolitical contexts, allowing the researcher to go beyond purely linguistic analyses and focus on (both micro and meso) sociological implications. Therefore, the study analyzed the discourses through the lenses of securitization and embedding the findings into a broader discussion about migration in Poland. The paper demonstrates that the coverage of the events by both stations was radically different: the state television largely reproduced the discourse of the then ruling party, whereas the liberal TVN focused on the delegitimization of the then government and the border guard, accusing them of violating international law.
本文旨在重构、分析和解释波兰两家最具影响力的电视台(国家控制的右翼电视台 TVP 和商业性的左翼自由电视台 TVN)对 2021 年和 2022 年初波兰-白俄罗斯边境局势的描述。本研究采用的主要分析方法是话语-历史方法(DHA)。它是批判性话语分析(CDA)的一个分支,特别关注社会政治背景,使研究人员能够超越纯粹的语言分析,关注(微观和中观)社会学影响。因此,本研究通过安全化的视角对这些话语进行了分析,并将研究结果嵌入到有关波兰移民问题的更广泛讨论中。论文表明,两家电视台对事件的报道截然不同:国家电视台在很大程度上再现了当时执政党的言论,而自由派的 TVN 则侧重于将当时的政府和边防军非法化,指责他们违反了国际法。
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引用次数: 0
Responses to refusal in online recruitment communication: A Chinese contextual study 在线招聘交流中对拒绝的反应:中国背景研究
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.11.002
Wei Ren, Han Zhang
While refusals as a speech act have been extensively studied, little research has explored how individuals respond to refusals, particularly in online communication contexts. This study investigates how Chinese job applicants and human resource (HR) staff respond to recruitment refusals both before and after interviews in online settings. Drawing on a dataset of 200 chat logs sourced from two prominent Chinese social media platforms, this research identifies three major categories of refusal response strategies, encompassing 13 distinct types. The findings reveal that both job applicants and HR staff tend to accept refusals, albeit in differing manners. Applicants employ more diverse and verbose responses compared to HR. The study highlights applicants' heightened rapport management awareness, while HR's responses suggest a focus on impression management on behalf of their companies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that both parties utilize more strategies in post-interview refusal responses, reflecting stage-specific pragmatic awareness. This study highlights the complexities of interpersonal dynamics in recruitment communication and provides insights into how participants navigate refusal responses to manage rapport and impressions.
虽然拒绝作为一种言语行为已被广泛研究,但很少有研究探讨个人如何应对拒绝,尤其是在网络交流语境中。本研究调查了中国求职者和人力资源(HR)工作人员在网络环境下面试前后如何应对招聘拒绝。本研究利用从中国两个著名社交媒体平台获取的 200 个聊天记录数据集,确定了三大类拒绝应对策略,包括 13 种不同类型。研究结果显示,求职者和人力资源部门的工作人员都倾向于接受拒绝,尽管方式有所不同。与人力资源部门相比,求职者的回应方式更加多样,言辞也更加恳切。研究强调了求职者更强的关系管理意识,而人力资源部门的回答则表明他们更注重代表公司进行印象管理。此外,我们的分析表明,双方在面试后的拒绝回答中都使用了更多的策略,这反映了特定阶段的实用意识。本研究强调了招聘沟通中人际动态的复杂性,并提供了关于参与者如何利用拒绝回应来管理关系和印象的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Instructed perception and action: The mutual accomplishment of manual know-how in using VR games 指导感知和行动:在使用虚拟现实游戏时手动诀窍的相互成就
IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2024.10.011
Arja Piirainen-Marsh, Margarethe Olbertz-Siitonen
This paper investigates how manual know-how is manifested in instructed action in a technologized setting characterised by distributed spaces and bodies. Drawing on data from a temporary game lab where co-present participants try out virtual reality games, it analyses how an experienced VR user instructs novice participants in accomplishing the steps required to set up the game, in interacting with virtual objects and resolving troubles with tasks in the virtual environment. We show how instructions are fitted to and serve to advance the practical activity, and how they are recipient designed to teach novice users the manual and bodily techniques for interacting with the virtual game and its features.
本文研究了在以分布式空间和身体为特征的技术化环境中,如何将手工诀窍体现在指导行动中。本文利用临时游戏实验室的数据,分析了经验丰富的虚拟现实用户如何指导新手完成设置游戏所需的步骤,如何与虚拟对象互动,以及如何解决虚拟环境中的任务问题。我们展示了指导是如何与实际活动相匹配并为推动实际活动服务的,以及指导者是如何向新手用户传授与虚拟游戏及其功能进行交互的手动和身体技巧的。
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引用次数: 0
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Language & Communication
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