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Framing shared knowledge: The chronotopic organisation of meaning 构建共享知识:意义的时序组织
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.11.001
Jessica Kruk

Previous studies of interactional particles have shown that a particle's social meaning may be contextually contingent and a momentary instantiation of the form's core meaning. This paper shows how analysing particles using Blommaert and De Fina's (2017) chronotopic frame approach provides greater insight into the dialectic relationship between forms' meanings that are relatively transitory or perduring. This paper illustrates the contributions of chronotopic frame approaches by using this framework to analyse how three distinct interactionally emergent social meanings of the Pontianak Malay particle bah are connected to the particle's core meaning of ‘shared knowledge’.

以往对交互式微粒的研究表明,微粒的社会意义可能受语境影响,是形式核心意义的瞬间体现。本文展示了如何利用布罗莫特和德菲娜(2017)的时序框架方法分析微粒,从而更深入地了解相对短暂或持久的形式意义之间的辩证关系。本文利用这一框架分析了坤甸马来语微粒 "bah "的三种不同的互动式社会意义是如何与该微粒的核心意义 "共享知识 "联系在一起的,从而说明了时序框架方法的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Deliberate ambiguity as motivated strategy 故意模糊作为动机策略
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.11.003
Rong Chen , Fengguang Liu

In this paper, we investigate ambiguity in language use that is intended by the speaker. Our overall argument is that, as a general feature of language resulting from the indeterminacy of meaning at all levels of language, ambiguity can be taken advantage of in specific contexts for a host of purposes. Given that an ambiguous utterance has (at least) two possible meanings – A and B – there are two logical possibilities for a speaker in a deliberate ambiguity: to mean both A and B or to mean only A (or B). However, a closer examination of the literature and available data reveal a far more complicated picture: there are more strategies under either of these possibilities, each of which closely interacts with the context and is motivated by the speaker's purpose of communication in that context. The treatment of deliberate ambiguity in the present study is thus more coherent theoretically and more comprehensive in coverage than what is found in the sizable literature on the subject.

在本文中,我们研究了语言使用中说话人意图的模糊性。我们的总体论点是,作为由语言各个层面意义的不确定性所产生的语言的一般特征,歧义可以在特定语境中被利用来达到一系列目的。鉴于一个模棱两可的语句(至少)有两种可能的含义--A 和 B--说话人在故意模棱两可的情况下有两种合乎逻辑的可能性:既指 A 也指 B,或只指 A(或 B)。然而,通过对文献和现有数据的仔细研究,我们会发现一个复杂得多的情况:在这两种可能性下都有更多的策略,每一种策略都与语境密切相关,并受说话人在语境中的交际目的所驱使。因此,本研究对蓄意歧义的处理在理论上更加连贯,在覆盖面上也比有关该主题的大量文献更加全面。
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引用次数: 0
Commentary: The sociolinguistics of exclusion 评论:排斥的社会语言学
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.10.002
Scott Kiesling

This commentary reviews, synthesizes, and expands upon the articles in this special issue. The review notes that the papers update the idea that language style – the combination of habitual forms used in languaging – can be used in exclusionary practices. That said, the papers in this issue all approach exclusion in language style from a different standpoint, and this diversity of approaches and topics at once demonstrates how central the exclusionary function of language is for humans, and at the same time suggests some generalizations about how to theorize about exclusion. I note some of the different sociolinguistic processes used in the exclusion cases in the issue, and suggest that we should also study the opposing process on creating inclusion through sociolinguistics.

这篇评论对本期特刊中的文章进行了回顾、综合和扩展。这篇评论指出,这些论文更新了语言风格——语言中使用的习惯形式的组合——可以用于排他性实践的观点。尽管如此,这期的论文都是从不同的角度来研究语言风格中的排他性,而这种方法和主题的多样性既表明了语言对人类的排他性功能是多么重要,同时也为如何将排他性理论化提供了一些概括。我注意到这个问题中排斥案例中使用的一些不同的社会语言学过程,并建议我们也应该研究通过社会语言学创造包容的相反过程。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: The sociolinguistics of exclusion – Indexing (non)belonging in mobile communities 引言:排斥的社会语言学-索引(非)属于移动社区
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.10.003
Cornelia F. Bock , Florian Busch , Naomi Truan

The special issue on ‘The sociolinguistics of exclusion: Indexing (non)belonging in mobile communities’ delves into the phenomenon of exclusion as a means and outcome of social positioning within diverse communities undergoing continual transformation due to social, demographic, political, and technological changes. Through empirical studies that critically engage with exclusionary discourse practices, this issue analyzes the semiotic means that social actors employ to presuppose and/or entail exclusion. Additionally, it explores the underlying ideological assumptions on which these choices are perceived, rationalized, justified, and/or contested as exclusionary.

《排他性的社会语言学:在流动社区中索引(非)归属》特刊深入探讨了排他性现象,它是由于社会、人口、政治和技术变化而不断变化的不同社区中社会定位的一种手段和结果。通过实证研究,批判性地参与排他性话语实践,本问题分析了社会行动者用来预设和/或导致排他性的符号学手段。此外,它还探讨了潜在的意识形态假设,这些选择是在这些假设的基础上被感知、合理化、正当化和/或被质疑为排他性的。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehending stories in pantomime. A pilot study with typically developing children and its implications for the narrative origin of language 理解哑剧故事。一项针对典型发育儿童的初步研究及其对语言叙事起源的启示
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.10.001
Ines Adornetti, Alessandra Chiera, Valentina Deriu, Daniela Altavilla, Francesco Ferretti

This paper presents a pilot study aimed at investigating the comprehension of pantomimic stories and its possible cognitive underpinnings in typically developing children. A group of twenty-two Italian-speaking children aged between 8.02 and 10.11 years were included in the study. Participants watched short videos in which professional actors performed pantomime narratives; then answered a comprehension question and retold the stories. Analyses revealed positive correlations between the comprehension of pantomimes and age, theory of mind, and working memory. The implications of these results for a narrative model of language origin are discussed against the background of an eco-evo-devo perspective.

本文介绍了一项初步研究,旨在调查正常发育儿童对哑剧故事的理解及其可能的认知基础。这项研究包括22名年龄在8.02岁到10.11岁之间说意大利语的儿童。参与者观看了专业演员表演哑剧叙事的短视频;然后回答一个理解问题并复述故事。分析显示,对哑剧的理解与年龄、心智理论和工作记忆呈正相关。这些结果对语言起源叙事模式的启示是在生态-进化-发展的背景下讨论的。
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引用次数: 1
Impoliteness and morality as instruments of destructive informal social control in online harassment targeting Swedish journalists 在针对瑞典记者的网络骚扰中,不礼貌和道德作为破坏性非正式社会控制的工具
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.11.002
Oscar Björkenfeldt , Linnea Gustafsson

This study investigates the interplay between morality, impoliteness, and moral order in the online harassment of Swedish journalists on Twitter. It reveals how impoliteness serves as a tool to harm the media's epistemic credibility, rooted in anti-press and populist rhetoric, and exert destructive informal social control. The highlighted paradox is that provisions for freedom of speech, designed to protect, are paradoxically used to suppress journalists' voices through targeted insults and derogatory language. The study uncovers that such harassment is systematic, politically motivated, and morally grounded. We emphasize the urgent need to recognize and confront these subtle tactics that threaten journalistic freedom and, consequently, access to information in Sweden and internationally under growing criticism that seeks to delegitimize the media.

本研究调查了瑞典记者在Twitter上的网络骚扰中道德、不礼貌和道德秩序之间的相互作用。它揭示了不礼貌是如何作为一种工具来损害媒体的认知可信度,根植于反媒体和民粹主义的言论,并施加破坏性的非正式社会控制。突出的悖论是,旨在保护言论自由的规定,却自相矛盾地被用来通过有针对性的侮辱和贬损语言压制记者的声音。研究发现,这种骚扰是有系统的、有政治动机的、有道德基础的。我们强调,迫切需要认识和面对这些微妙的策略,它们威胁到新闻自由,从而在瑞典和国际上威胁到获取信息的机会,这些批评越来越多,试图使媒体失去合法性。
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引用次数: 0
Form (Prosody)-Meaning (Pragmatics) pairings of discourse markers: A case study of Nǐ zhīdào (‘You Know’) as a construction in Chinese media interviews 话语标记的形式(韵律)-意义(语用)配对:以中国媒体采访中n′zhīdào(“你知道”)为例
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.09.004
Yi Shan

This article makes the first empirical corpus-based study of the actual performance of the discourse marker (DM) nǐ zhīdào (NZ) in Chinese media interview conversations from the perspective of synchronic Construction Grammar (CxG).1 The main objective is to pair the prosody of NZ at varying utterance positions (‘form’ properties at prosodic and discourse structural levels) with its pragmatic functions (‘meaning’ properties at the discourse communicative level), to enhance our understanding within the existing literature, specifically in relation to pragmatics in spontaneous speech, and provide implications for the broader study of discourse markers. The analysis of the ‘form’ properties of NZ reveals distinct, context-specific attributes of such prosodic metrics as duration, tempo, pause, F0, and intensity at varying utterance positions; the analysis of its ‘meaning’ properties discovers pragmatic functions with characteristic utterance distributions; and the form-meaning pairing between prosody and pragmatics highlights the roles of prosody in deciphering and materializing pragmatics and of pragmatics in underlying and motivating prosody. This study has shown that insights gained from CxG can enhance our understanding of the fields of pragmatics, discourse, and interaction, and specific linguistic phenomena whose importance has been entrenched in these domains can be sufficiently explained using CxG. It follows that the notion of construction can be extended to the discourse (e.g., dialogue and conversation) level to approach the complexities of spoken language and address diverse elusive pragmatic issues like DMs effectively.

本文首次从共时构式语法(CxG)的视角,基于实证语料库研究了话语标记语(DM) n′zhīdào (NZ)在中文媒体采访会话中的实际表现本研究的主要目标是将新西兰语在不同话语位置的韵律(韵律和话语结构层面的“形式”属性)与其语用功能(话语交际层面的“意义”属性)配对,以增强我们对现有文献的理解,特别是对自发言语中的语用学的理解,并为更广泛的话语标记研究提供启示。对新西兰语“形式”属性的分析揭示了不同话语位置的持续时间、速度、停顿、F0和强度等韵律指标的独特的、特定于语境的属性;通过对其“意义”属性的分析,发现语用功能具有独特的话语分布特征;而韵律与语用的形式-意义配对则凸显了韵律在解读和具体化语用中的作用,以及语用在韵律基础和激励方面的作用。本研究表明,从语言交际中获得的见解可以增强我们对语用学、语篇和互动领域的理解,而在这些领域中已经确立重要性的特定语言现象可以用语言交际充分解释。因此,构建的概念可以扩展到话语(如对话和会话)层面,以接近口语的复杂性,并有效地解决各种难以捉摸的语用问题,如dm。
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引用次数: 1
The “Balfour Gang” versus “the Saladin Gang”: Geographic metaphors and metonyms in Israel as securitized, polarizing constructs “巴尔弗帮”与“萨拉丁帮”:以色列作为证券化、两极分化结构的地理隐喻和转喻
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.09.003
Elie Friedman

Research has illustrated that metaphors and metonyms are concepts that govern thought and action, playing a central role in constructing realities. While previous studies have demonstrated that metaphors and metonyms are utilized as tools for conceptualizing nations, this study examines how metaphoric and metonymic representations of specific locations within the nation-state can serve as polarizing constructs within the nation-state. The State of Israel presents an interesting case study regarding how metaphors and metonyms construct polarizing identities, following increasingly polarized cross-cutting cleavages. Utilizing the Sketch Engine ELEXIS Hebrew Web corpora, this study utilizes discourse analysis tools to characterize the reproduction of metaphorical and metonymic meanings of geographical locations, tapping into specific cultural codes of the Israeli speech community.

研究表明,隐喻和转喻是支配思想和行为的概念,在构建现实中起着核心作用。虽然之前的研究已经证明隐喻和转喻是用来概念化国家的工具,但本研究探讨了民族国家中特定地点的隐喻和转喻表征如何在民族国家中充当两极分化的结构。以色列国提供了一个有趣的案例研究,关于隐喻和转喻如何构建两极分化的身份,随着日益两极分化的交叉切割。本研究利用Sketch Engine ELEXIS希伯来语网络语料库,利用话语分析工具表征地理位置隐喻和转喻意义的再现,挖掘以色列语言社区的特定文化代码。
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引用次数: 0
Lessons in linguistics with ChatGPT: Metapragmatics, metacommunication, metadiscourse and metalanguage in human-AI interactions 使用ChatGPT学习语言学:人与人工智能交互中的元语用学、元交际、元话语和元语言
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.09.002
Marta Dynel

This paper discusses metalanguage, metadiscourse, metacommunication and metapragmatics testifying to users' conscious awareness enacted in human-AI interactions, based on a corpus of posts sent to Reddit's r/ChatGPT. The emphasis falls on users' foci of attention as they perform linguistic tests on ChatGPT and on how the “meta” practices manifest themselves interactionally on the selected subreddit, where human-AI interactions are showcased for entertainment purposes. The findings suggest that engaging with AI reflects and, potentially, enhances language users' metalinguistic, metadiscursive, metacommunicative and metapragmatic awareness. This awareness is mirrored in ChatGPT's output, indicative of its previous human-assisted training. Additionally, this investigation demonstrates that, when acknowledged as one subject of study, the four “meta” concepts are intricately intertwined as they may co-occur and overlap.

本文基于发送到Reddit的r/ChatGPT的帖子语料库,讨论了元语言、元话语、元沟通和元语用,证明了用户在人类与人工智能交互中的有意识意识。当用户在ChatGPT上进行语言测试时,重点在于用户的注意力焦点,以及“元”实践如何在选定的reddit子版块上以交互方式表现出来,在这里,人类与人工智能的交互是为了娱乐目的而展示的。研究结果表明,与人工智能互动反映并潜在地增强了语言使用者的元语言、元话语、元交际和元语用意识。这种意识反映在ChatGPT的输出中,表明它以前的人工辅助训练。此外,本研究表明,当被视为一个研究主题时,这四个“元”概念错综复杂地交织在一起,因为它们可能同时发生和重叠。
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引用次数: 0
Media frames as adaptive networks of meaning: A conceptual proposition 媒介框架作为自适应意义网络:一个概念性命题
IF 1.5 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2023.09.001
Christian Pentzold , Claudia Fraas

The article extends the study of frames in verbal media discourse. We mobilize insights from linguistic semantics and research in the related fields of cognitive science in order to formulate a frame-semantic understanding of frames as adaptive networks of meaning. It allows us to see frames as flexible scaffoldings whose elements are controlled by contextual configurations. This extension is helpful, we argue, because analyses of public discourse have, to date, mainly operated with a model of frames as fixed ensembles. Understanding frames not as invariant clusters but as adaptive networks has implications for empirical studies, too. Consequently, we outline the applicability of our proposition in an analytical scenario.

本文对言语媒介语篇中的框架研究进行了拓展。我们从语言语义学和认知科学相关领域的研究中获得见解,以便制定框架作为自适应意义网络的框架-语义理解。它允许我们将框架视为灵活的脚手架,其元素由上下文配置控制。我们认为,这种扩展是有帮助的,因为到目前为止,对公共话语的分析主要是用框架作为固定集合的模型来操作的。将框架理解为自适应网络而不是不变的集群,对实证研究也有意义。因此,我们概述了我们的命题在分析场景中的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
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Language & Communication
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