Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628
O. Muldoon, S. Haslam, C. Haslam, T. Cruwys, M. Kearns, J. Jetten
Research in clinical psychology and social psychiatry has highlighted the importance of social factors for outcomes following trauma. In this review, we speak to this issue in two ways. First, we h...
{"title":"The social psychology of responses to trauma: social identity pathways associated with divergent traumatic responses","authors":"O. Muldoon, S. Haslam, C. Haslam, T. Cruwys, M. Kearns, J. Jetten","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628","url":null,"abstract":"Research in clinical psychology and social psychiatry has highlighted the importance of social factors for outcomes following trauma. In this review, we speak to this issue in two ways. First, we h...","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2019.1688474
C. Unkelbach, Alex Koch, Hans Alves
ABSTRACTWe propose the Evaluative Information Ecology (EvIE) model as a model of the social environment. It makes two assumptions: Positive “good” information is more frequent compared to negative ...
{"title":"The evaluative information ecology: On the frequency and diversity of “good” and “bad”","authors":"C. Unkelbach, Alex Koch, Hans Alves","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2019.1688474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2019.1688474","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe propose the Evaluative Information Ecology (EvIE) model as a model of the social environment. It makes two assumptions: Positive “good” information is more frequent compared to negative ...","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2019.1688474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43606620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1542903
Ayse K. Uskul, S. Cross
A growing literature in social and cultural psychology has examined cultures of honour primarily focusing on southern states in the United States and on Mediterranean countries of southern Europe. ...
越来越多的社会和文化心理学文献研究了荣誉文化，主要关注美国南部各州和南欧地中海国家。。。
{"title":"The social and cultural psychology of honour: What have we learned from researching honour in Turkey?","authors":"Ayse K. Uskul, S. Cross","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1542903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1542903","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature in social and cultural psychology has examined cultures of honour primarily focusing on southern states in the United States and on Mediterranean countries of southern Europe. ...","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1542903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1542902
Roger Giner-Sorolla
Current controversies in social psychology have sparked the promotion of new rules for evidence in the field. This “crisis of evidence” echoes prior concerns from the 1970’s “crisis of social psychology”, with such issues as replication and statistical significance once more under examination. I argue that parallel concerns about the relevance of our research, raised but not completely resolved in the 1970’s crisis, also deserve a fresh look. In particular, the advances made in the current crisis of evidence came about because of changes in academic career incentives--particularly publishing. Today, many voices in psychology urge greater respect for relevance in topics, methods and communication, but the lack of clear and concrete incentives to do so has stood in the way of answers. I diagnose the current incentive structures, propose partial solutions that are within the reach of journal editors and professional societies, and conclude by discussing the links between relevance and evidence, as well as special challenges to the relevance of social psychology post-2016.
{"title":"From crisis of evidence to a “crisis” of relevance? Incentive-based answers for social psychology’s perennial relevance worries","authors":"Roger Giner-Sorolla","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1542902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1542902","url":null,"abstract":"Current controversies in social psychology have sparked the promotion of new rules for evidence in the field. This “crisis of evidence” echoes prior concerns from the 1970’s “crisis of social psychology”, with such issues as replication and statistical significance once more under examination. I argue that parallel concerns about the relevance of our research, raised but not completely resolved in the 1970’s crisis, also deserve a fresh look. In particular, the advances made in the current crisis of evidence came about because of changes in academic career incentives--particularly publishing. Today, many voices in psychology urge greater respect for relevance in topics, methods and communication, but the lack of clear and concrete incentives to do so has stood in the way of answers. I diagnose the current incentive structures, propose partial solutions that are within the reach of journal editors and professional societies, and conclude by discussing the links between relevance and evidence, as well as special challenges to the relevance of social psychology post-2016.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1542902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1471949
P. Bernard, S. Gervais, O. Klein
ABSTRACT Objectification occurs when people are seen and treated similarly to things. Research on this topic has been dominated by an interest in the content of impressions people form of targets, but much less is known about the processes involved in the objectification of others. To fill this gap, this paper reviews a recent line of research that investigates the cognitive objectification of others (i.e., the processes – early visual processing, attention and memory – through which a person is no longer perceived as a global physical entity, thereby reduced to its parts akin to objects). We consider research that examined when and why this cognitive objectification occurs using methods borrowed from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In doing so, we provide information for the sequential ordering of cognitive objectification processes that may occur during person perception. We finally propose a novel process-oriented model aimed at understanding the antecedents and outcomes of cognitive objectification.
{"title":"Objectifying objectification: When and why people are cognitively reduced to their parts akin to objects","authors":"P. Bernard, S. Gervais, O. Klein","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1471949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1471949","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectification occurs when people are seen and treated similarly to things. Research on this topic has been dominated by an interest in the content of impressions people form of targets, but much less is known about the processes involved in the objectification of others. To fill this gap, this paper reviews a recent line of research that investigates the cognitive objectification of others (i.e., the processes – early visual processing, attention and memory – through which a person is no longer perceived as a global physical entity, thereby reduced to its parts akin to objects). We consider research that examined when and why this cognitive objectification occurs using methods borrowed from cognitive psychology and neuroscience. In doing so, we provide information for the sequential ordering of cognitive objectification processes that may occur during person perception. We finally propose a novel process-oriented model aimed at understanding the antecedents and outcomes of cognitive objectification.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"121 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1471949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1539908
F. Butera, N. Sommet, Claudia Toma
ABSTRACT Confirmation is a widespread tendency to seek, use, interpret or remember information in such a way as to corroborate one’s hypothesis. We review various conceptions of confirmation and classify them as a function of whether they depict this phenomenon as a cognitive failure, a form of motivational prioritisation, or a pragmatic strategy. Then, we note that such a systematic and pervasive phenomenon must be a central mechanism of human activity serving an important and specific social function. We propose that confirmation is an adaptive mechanism that serves the function of coping with competitive situations. This general proposition is broken down into three implications: Confirmation occurs to a larger extent (1) when there is competition, (2) when competition is threatening, (3) when competition threatens one’s feelings of competence. A research programme is reported to illustrate each of these implications.
{"title":"Confirmation as coping with competition","authors":"F. Butera, N. Sommet, Claudia Toma","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1539908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1539908","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Confirmation is a widespread tendency to seek, use, interpret or remember information in such a way as to corroborate one’s hypothesis. We review various conceptions of confirmation and classify them as a function of whether they depict this phenomenon as a cognitive failure, a form of motivational prioritisation, or a pragmatic strategy. Then, we note that such a systematic and pervasive phenomenon must be a central mechanism of human activity serving an important and specific social function. We propose that confirmation is an adaptive mechanism that serves the function of coping with competitive situations. This general proposition is broken down into three implications: Confirmation occurs to a larger extent (1) when there is competition, (2) when competition is threatening, (3) when competition threatens one’s feelings of competence. A research programme is reported to illustrate each of these implications.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"299 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1539908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43590809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1471948
J. Drury
ABSTRACT This review provides a new integration of recent research that has formed the basis of a social identity explanation of supportive collective behaviour among survivors in emergencies and disasters. I describe a model in which a sense of common fate is the source of an emergent shared social identity among survivors, which in turn provides the motivation to give social support to others affected. In addition, by drawing on the concept of relational transformation in psychological crowds, I show how an emergent shared social identity can engender a range of further behavioural and cognitive consequences that contribute to collective self-organisation in emergencies, including expected support, coordination of behaviour, and collective efficacy. It will be argued that the model can been applied to explaining how potentially dangerous crowd events avoid disaster: shared social identity operates as the basis of spontaneous self-organisation in these cases, as in many emergencies and disasters.
{"title":"The role of social identity processes in mass emergency behaviour: An integrative review","authors":"J. Drury","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1471948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1471948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review provides a new integration of recent research that has formed the basis of a social identity explanation of supportive collective behaviour among survivors in emergencies and disasters. I describe a model in which a sense of common fate is the source of an emergent shared social identity among survivors, which in turn provides the motivation to give social support to others affected. In addition, by drawing on the concept of relational transformation in psychological crowds, I show how an emergent shared social identity can engender a range of further behavioural and cognitive consequences that contribute to collective self-organisation in emergencies, including expected support, coordination of behaviour, and collective efficacy. It will be argued that the model can been applied to explaining how potentially dangerous crowd events avoid disaster: shared social identity operates as the basis of spontaneous self-organisation in these cases, as in many emergencies and disasters.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"38 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1471948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41541964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1537049
Kimberly Rios, Nicholas Sosa, Hannah J. Osborn
ABSTRACT According to Intergroup Threat Theory (Stephan, Ybarra, & Rios, 2015), perceived threats from outgroups can be categorised into realistic threats (to the ingroup’s power, resources, or well-being) and symbolic threats (to the ingroup’s values, identity, or way of life). Although many studies have documented correlations between such threats and intergroup attitudes, experimental and quasiexperimental tests of Intergroup Threat Theory are relatively sparse. In the present article, we review our own and others’ research on manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic and symbolic threat, with close attention to the ways in which these threats are similar vs. different. Given the growing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in the Western world, understanding how and under what conditions each type of threat can be causally induced is critical to reducing threat and ultimately improving intergroup harmony.
{"title":"An experimental approach to Intergroup Threat Theory: Manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic vs. symbolic threat","authors":"Kimberly Rios, Nicholas Sosa, Hannah J. Osborn","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1537049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1537049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT According to Intergroup Threat Theory (Stephan, Ybarra, & Rios, 2015), perceived threats from outgroups can be categorised into realistic threats (to the ingroup’s power, resources, or well-being) and symbolic threats (to the ingroup’s values, identity, or way of life). Although many studies have documented correlations between such threats and intergroup attitudes, experimental and quasiexperimental tests of Intergroup Threat Theory are relatively sparse. In the present article, we review our own and others’ research on manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic and symbolic threat, with close attention to the ways in which these threats are similar vs. different. Given the growing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in the Western world, understanding how and under what conditions each type of threat can be causally induced is critical to reducing threat and ultimately improving intergroup harmony.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"212 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1537049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41710650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1537428
Karen M. Douglas, Robbie M. Sutton
ABSTRACT Although conspiracy theories have arguably always been an important feature of social life, they have only attracted the attention of social psychologists in recent years. The last decade, however, has seen an increase in social psychological research on this topic that has yielded many insights into the causes and consequences of conspiracy thinking. In this article, we draw on examples from our own programme of research to highlight how the methods and concepts of social psychology can be brought to bear on the study of conspiracy theories. Specifically, we highlight how basic social cognitive processes such as pattern perception, projection and agency detection predict the extent to which people believe in conspiracy theories. We then highlight the role of motivations such as the need for uniqueness, and the motivation to justify the system, in predicting the extent to which people adopt conspiracy explanations. We next discuss how conspiracy theories have important consequences for social life, such as decreasing engagement with politics and influencing people’s health and environmental decisions. Finally, we reflect on some of the limitations of research in this domain and consider some important avenues for future research.
{"title":"Why conspiracy theories matter: A social psychological analysis","authors":"Karen M. Douglas, Robbie M. Sutton","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1537428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1537428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although conspiracy theories have arguably always been an important feature of social life, they have only attracted the attention of social psychologists in recent years. The last decade, however, has seen an increase in social psychological research on this topic that has yielded many insights into the causes and consequences of conspiracy thinking. In this article, we draw on examples from our own programme of research to highlight how the methods and concepts of social psychology can be brought to bear on the study of conspiracy theories. Specifically, we highlight how basic social cognitive processes such as pattern perception, projection and agency detection predict the extent to which people believe in conspiracy theories. We then highlight the role of motivations such as the need for uniqueness, and the motivation to justify the system, in predicting the extent to which people adopt conspiracy explanations. We next discuss how conspiracy theories have important consequences for social life, such as decreasing engagement with politics and influencing people’s health and environmental decisions. Finally, we reflect on some of the limitations of research in this domain and consider some important avenues for future research.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"256 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1537428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2018.1493066
M. Kossowska, E. Szumowska, Piotr Dragon, Katarzyna Jaśko, A. Kruglanski
ABSTRACT This paper describes a programme of research addressing an intriguing inconsistency in research findings about cognitive processes under a high need for cognitive closure (NFC). While early studies demonstrated that individuals who seek closure opt for closed-minded cognitive strategies, a growing body of research has identified a number of circumstances in which individuals who are high in NFC engage in effortful, open-minded information processing to an even greater extent than their low NFC counterparts. This has posed the challenge of delineating the circumstances under which people motivated to reduce uncertainty (i.e., attain closure) engage in effortful and open-minded cognition from those situations in which they rely on simplistic, low-effort strategies. This also calls for theoretical advancement in NFC theory. We discuss our proposed solution to this puzzle and the implications of this model for real-world social phenomena.
{"title":"Disparate roads to certainty processing strategy choices under need for closure","authors":"M. Kossowska, E. Szumowska, Piotr Dragon, Katarzyna Jaśko, A. Kruglanski","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2018.1493066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1493066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes a programme of research addressing an intriguing inconsistency in research findings about cognitive processes under a high need for cognitive closure (NFC). While early studies demonstrated that individuals who seek closure opt for closed-minded cognitive strategies, a growing body of research has identified a number of circumstances in which individuals who are high in NFC engage in effortful, open-minded information processing to an even greater extent than their low NFC counterparts. This has posed the challenge of delineating the circumstances under which people motivated to reduce uncertainty (i.e., attain closure) engage in effortful and open-minded cognition from those situations in which they rely on simplistic, low-effort strategies. This also calls for theoretical advancement in NFC theory. We discuss our proposed solution to this puzzle and the implications of this model for real-world social phenomena.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"161 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10463283.2018.1493066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42635811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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