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Las protestas feministas de 2019: aspectos estético-políticos. Un análisis a partir de la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu 2019年女权主义抗议:美学和政治方面。从皮埃尔·布迪厄的角度进行分析
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79450
Alejandro Peña García
The subject matter of this essay is the expressions of women's protest during 2019, specifically the phenomenon #MeToo in Mexico, the August and November marches, the initiative of the collective “Restauradoras con Glitter”, also in Mexico, and the performance "Un violador en tu camino" by the Chilean collective LasTesis. The development of these phenomena is analyzed from the sociological perspective of Pierre Bourdieu, as struggles in the symbolic terrain within the broader struggle of women for there cognition and fulfillment of their right not to be violated, with the objective of understanding the meanings and centrality that acquire expressions of an aesthetic nature in the political struggles of the feminist movement.
这篇文章的主题是2019年女性抗议的表达,特别是墨西哥的#MeToo现象,8月和11月的游行,同样在墨西哥的集体“餐馆与闪闪发光”的倡议,以及智利集体LasTesis的表演“Un violador en tu camino”。从皮埃尔·布迪厄的社会学角度分析了这些现象的发展,作为女性在更广泛的斗争中为认知和实现她们不被侵犯的权利而进行的象征领域的斗争,目的是理解在女权主义运动的政治斗争中获得美学性质表达的意义和中心地位。
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引用次数: 1
La desigualdad social y laboral latinoamericana. Reseña del libro: Desigualdad y deterioro de las condiciones laborales. Un círculo vicioso en América Latina de Alicia Puyana Mutis y Mariano Rojas 拉丁美洲的社会和劳工不平等。书评:不平等和工作条件恶化。艾丽西亚·普亚娜·穆蒂斯和马里亚诺·罗哈斯在拉丁美洲的恶性循环
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79455
Aranza Rodríguez Ramírez
Resena del libro: La desigualdad social y laboral latinoamericana. Resena del libro: Desigualdad y deterioro de las condiciones laborales. Un circulo vicioso en America Latina de Alicia Puyana Mutis y Mariano Rojas
书评:拉丁美洲的社会和劳工不平等。书评:不平等和工作条件恶化。艾丽西亚·普亚娜·穆蒂斯和马里亚诺·罗哈斯在拉丁美洲的恶性循环
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引用次数: 0
Cartografiando la impunidad: El silencio en la comunicación 绘制有罪不罚现象:沟通中的沉默
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79451
Olmedo Neri, Raúl Anthony
El ejercicio periodistico en Mexico se ha desarrollado desde inicios del siglo xxi en un contexto hostil que lo ha limitado durante el proceso de produccion de informacion a nivel local, regional y nacional. Por ello, en el presente texto he construido una base de datos historica que abarca el periodo entre 2000 y 2018 sobre los asesinatos a periodistas en Mexico a partir de una serie de categorias que se desarrollaron mediante el metodo de analisis del contenido. En este sentido, a partir del objeto de estudio se han hecho diferentes caracterizaciones de dichos delitos a partir de variables como el territorio, el tipo de eventos que cubrian los periodistas, la edad y los procesos de privacion de la vida y la eficacia del Estado mexicano en esclarecer los delitos. Con esto, se observa que el contexto adverso afecta no solo en la produccion de informacion, sino en los procesos de libertad de expresion y democracia en Mexico.
自21世纪初以来,墨西哥的新闻活动一直是在敌对的背景下进行的,这在地方、区域和国家各级的信息制作过程中限制了新闻活动。出于这个原因,在本文中,我根据内容分析方法开发的一系列类别,建立了一个涵盖2000年至2018年期间墨西哥杀害记者事件的历史数据库。从这个意义上说,根据研究对象,根据领土、记者报道的事件类型、年龄和剥夺生命的过程以及墨西哥国家澄清犯罪的有效性等变量,对这些罪行进行了不同的定性。通过这一点,可以看出,不利的环境不仅影响到信息的生产,而且影响到墨西哥的言论自由和民主进程。
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引用次数: 1
Sociofenomenología de la vida cotidiana en la corresidencia moderna: bases teórico-metodológicas para una hermenéutica de la ciudad 现代共存中的日常生活社会现象学:城市解释学的理论-方法论基础
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79452
M. Pulido, Ulises Bernardino
In this paper, I present a hypothesis theorical-methodological to study sociophenomenological in “ everyday life” of the contemporary city , through the interpretation of the “urban novel”. I intend to work on the importance of the day-to-day life in the human and social sciences analyzing the two mains study areas which are the Marxism and the Phenomenology, respectively relying for each one of these traditions on an author such as Henri Lefebvre and Lluis Duch. Then, based on all of this, I propose to characterize the “urban novel” as a fundamental “document” for the sociological analysis of in e veryday life , building thus the foundation for a city hermeneutics .
本文通过对“城市小说”的解读,提出了一种研究当代城市“日常生活”中社会现象学的假设理论方法论。我打算研究日常生活在人类科学和社会科学中的重要性,分析马克思主义和现象学这两个主要研究领域,分别依赖于亨利·列斐伏尔和路易斯·杜这样的作家。然后,在此基础上,我提出将“城市小说”定性为日常生活社会学分析的基本“文献”,从而为城市解释学奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Colegio y logro ocupacional en Chile: una explicación desde la segregación escolar 智利的学校和职业成就:对学校隔离的解释
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79454
Clara Luz Muga Mora, Luis Miguel Rodrigo Benito
In Chile, the school attended in basic education largely determines the occupational achievement of adults. In addition, the country has a stratified education system, high levels of school segregation and socio economic inequality. These problems could be related, setting up an inequality regime. The objective of the work is to explain how the school affects occupational achievement, fort his a set of mechanisms that mediate between this relationship was verified. A mediation analysis was performed using data from the Education Quality Measurement System and the Social Longitudinal Study. The results show that the educational system generates inequality in occupation alachievement through school segregation in schools and school achievement. In addition, two ways were identified by which the social class of origin affects occupational achievement, these are social capital and the choice of couple.
在智利,接受基础教育的学校在很大程度上决定了成年人的职业成就。此外,该国实行分层教育制度,学校隔离程度高,社会经济不平等。这些问题可能是相关的,建立了一个不平等制度。这项工作的目的是解释学校是如何影响职业成就的,因为他的一套中介机制在这种关系之间得到了验证。使用来自教育质量测量系统和社会纵向研究的数据进行了中介分析。研究结果表明,教育制度通过学校隔离和学校成绩产生了职业积极性的不平等。此外,还确定了出身社会阶层影响职业成就的两种方式,即社会资本和夫妻选择。
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引用次数: 0
Labour market disadvantage or poor health upon arrival? An examination of the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension 劳动力市场劣势还是抵达后健康状况不佳?残疾养老金提前退休的本地人与移民差距研究
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/00016993211022801
J. Qvist, Hans-Peter Y. Qvist
Non-Western immigrants in Scandinavia have a higher risk of early retirement on a disability pension than natives, but the reasons are unclear. One theory is that increased demands for standardization, efficiency and productivity in advanced capitalist labour markets, such as the Scandinavian market, cause expulsion of the weakest and least qualified individuals from the labour market, including a disproportionate share of non-Western immigrants. Another theory is that non-Western immigrants already have poorer health than natives upon arrival in Scandinavia. This article examines the extent to which the native–immigrant gap in early retirement on a disability pension is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market when pre-existing health differences are controlled for. To this end, we draw on Danish register data, including all disability pensions granted in 2003–2012 to natives and non-Western immigrants who arrived in Denmark in 1998. Our results suggest that a minor proportion of the native–immigrant gap in disability pensions is explained by non-Western immigrants’ health upon arrival, whereas the vast majority of the gap is explained by non-Western immigrants’ disadvantaged position in the labour market.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛的非西方移民比当地人提早退休领取残疾养老金的风险更高,但原因尚不清楚。一种理论认为,发达资本主义劳动力市场(如斯堪的纳维亚市场)对标准化、效率和生产率的要求不断提高,导致劳动力市场上最弱和最不合格的人被驱逐,其中包括不成比例的非西方移民。另一种理论是,非西方移民在抵达斯堪的纳维亚半岛时就已经比当地人的健康状况差了。本文考察了在控制了先前存在的健康差异后,非西方移民在劳动力市场上的不利地位在多大程度上解释了本地移民在提前退休领取残疾养老金方面的差距。为此,我们借鉴了丹麦的登记数据,包括2003-2012年发放给本地人和1998年抵达丹麦的非西方移民的所有残疾养老金。我们的研究结果表明,本地移民在残疾养老金方面的差距有一小部分是由非西方移民抵达时的健康状况造成的,而绝大多数差距是由非西方移民在劳动力市场上的不利地位造成的。
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引用次数: 2
From artistic consecration to degradation: The case of Sven Hassel 从艺术的神圣到堕落:斯文·哈塞尔的案例
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/00016993211022792
Dominik Želinský, Philip Smith, Sandra Simonsen
Sociologists often neglect aesthetic and moral factors in explaining the rise and fall of artists’ reputations. Their focus has often been on more ostentatiously “sociological” variables such as politics, networks, organizations, and power. In this study we make central a pollution dynamic and explore the overlooked phenomenon of “literary degradation.” We identify two pathways—the downward aesthetic and downward moral classification. We exemplify both these pathways on the case of the Danish writer known as Sven Hassel, once an acclaimed new writer compared to Hemingway in the 1950s. Yet by the 1970s his books were generally seen as militaristic pulp flirting with Nazi sympathies. We show the forces of degradation are divergently activated according to context.
社会学家在解释艺术家声誉的兴衰时,往往忽略了美学和道德因素。他们的关注点往往是更炫耀的“社会学”变量,如政治、网络、组织和权力。在这项研究中,我们将污染动态作为中心,并探索被忽视的“文学退化”现象。我们确定了两条途径——向下的审美分类和向下的道德分类。我们以丹麦作家斯文·哈塞尔(Sven Hassel)为例,举例说明了这两条道路。哈塞尔曾是一位备受赞誉的新作家,与20世纪50年代的海明威相比。然而,到了20世纪70年代,他的书被普遍视为军国主义的低俗作品,与纳粹的同情调情。我们展示了退化的力量是根据上下文而不同地被激活的。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Globalizing Issues: How Claims, Frames, and Problems Cross Borders 书评:全球化问题:索赔、框架和问题如何跨越国界
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/00016993211021928
Niilo. Kauppi
consequences for this class across Europe. The authors’ final contribution deepens the analysis of European political conflicts by advancing Fligstein’s (2008) argument that the ‘European field’ pits a class of mobile, trans-European elites against working classes rooted in different nations, seeking to retain their former ‘citizenship rents’. They reveal the structural depth of this division, which has intensified as the European project has deepened. Rather than Brexit being due to English peculiarities, driven by political contingencies and populist rhetoric, Hugree et al. see it as characterising divides across Europe. They chart the systematic decline of popular engagement with European institutions over time. ‘Although the working class makes up 43% of people at work across Europe, it remains completely absent from EU institutions, and it struggles to establish a trade union and political presence at European level’ (p. 178–179). This underlines the structural difficulties of generalizing this class antagonism across Europe, and how nationalist and xenophobic repertoires have become a default. This is a bleak prognosis since there are no obvious progressive political responses by the EU because it is so bound up with elite privilege. It is also unclear how the left can respond. Streeck’s endorsement that the book is ‘an important step forward for the left in developing a European strategy’ is only true insofar as it reveals how bleak the landscape is. More balance tilted to the latter of Gramsci’s couplet ‘pessimism of the intellect, optimism of the will’ would be welcome. It is telling that the authors do not address Streeck’s controversial call endorsing a nationalist left response to the European project. This book represents a major milestone in the maturation of a European sociology which does not default to internal national comparisons. It does this through readable prose with arresting insights – like how class divisions are rendered in terms of how much of our working time is spent standing. It underscores the cultural and symbolic dimensions of class, including ethnographic material revealing the texture of class inequality, as well as broad patterns. It covers many vital issues, including gender and migration, but says little about race and ethnicity. The handling of geographical variation, including the distinctive role of Eastern Europe’s ‘dominated dominant class’, is impressive. A nagging issue remains. The actual extent of class inequality sometimes seems rather modest (e.g., 84% of dominants read a book in the last year, compared to 76% of the middle class and 56% of the working class (p. 74)). Dominants broadly earn a bit less than three times as much as the working class and 50% more than the middle class. When equivalized at household level, dominants earn a bit less than twice as much as the working class. These are significant divisions but nothing like the scale revealed by economists like Piketty with their fine-grai
对整个欧洲这一阶层的影响。作者的最后一篇文章深化了对欧洲政治冲突的分析,提出了Fligstein(2008)的论点,即“欧洲领域”使一类流动的跨欧洲精英与植根于不同国家的工人阶级对立,试图保留他们以前的“公民租金”。它们揭示了这种分歧的结构性深度,这种分歧随着欧洲项目的深化而加剧。Hugree等人认为,英国脱欧不是由于英国的特殊性,而是由政治突发事件和民粹主义言论驱动的,而是欧洲各地分歧的特征。他们绘制了民众与欧洲机构的接触随着时间的推移而系统性下降的图表尽管工人阶级占整个欧洲工作人员的43%,但它仍然完全没有出现在欧盟机构中,它很难在欧洲层面建立工会和政治存在”(第178–179页)。这突显了在整个欧洲推广这种阶级对立的结构性困难,以及民族主义和仇外心理的剧目如何成为默认。这是一个黯淡的预测,因为欧盟与精英特权紧密相连,因此没有明显的进步政治回应。左派如何回应也不清楚。Streeck认为这本书是“左派在制定欧洲战略方面向前迈出的重要一步”,只有在它揭示了前景有多黯淡的情况下,这一点才是正确的。葛兰西的对联“理智的悲观,意志的乐观”中的后一句更为平衡,这将是受欢迎的。很明显,作者没有回应斯特雷克关于支持民族主义左翼对欧洲项目的回应的有争议的呼吁。这本书代表了欧洲社会学成熟的一个重要里程碑,而欧洲社会学并不默认内部国家比较。它通过可读的散文和引人注目的见解来做到这一点——比如阶级划分是如何根据我们有多少工作时间是站着的来呈现的。它强调了阶级的文化和象征层面,包括揭示阶级不平等结构的民族志材料,以及广泛的模式。它涵盖了许多重要问题,包括性别和移民,但很少涉及种族和民族。对地理差异的处理,包括东欧“主导阶级”的独特作用,令人印象深刻。一个恼人的问题仍然存在。阶级不平等的实际程度有时看起来相当温和(例如,84%的支配者在去年读过一本书,而中产阶级和工人阶级的这一比例分别为76%和56%(第74页))。统治阶级的收入一般不到工人阶级的三倍,比中产阶级高50%。如果在家庭层面上等同,支配者的收入略低于工人阶级的两倍。这些都是重大的分歧,但与皮克提等经济学家用精细的百分位数细分所揭示的规模完全不同。这种“大类”分析的使用有时被证明是一种生硬的工具。最后,重要的是将欧洲作为世界上不平等程度最低的大陆放在全球视野中(Savage 2021)。欧洲最高收入股票的涨幅比其他任何地方都要小。我们应该注意到,欧洲项目限制了不平等,并比其他地方更好地保留了致力于包容的“社会”模式。如果另一种选择是新自由主义、威权主义和帝国主义模式的霸权在其他地方崭露头角,也许,尽管如此,我们仍然应该记得本杰明对阿多诺的呼吁,他敦促他逃离纳粹,“在欧洲,仍然有阵地需要捍卫”。
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引用次数: 1
Baja graduación en posgrados: aplicabilidad y validez de los conceptos y categorías de Pierre Bourdieu para el análisis e interpretación de una carrera de Maestría 低研究生毕业:皮埃尔·布迪厄概念和范畴在硕士学位分析和解释中的适用性和有效性
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.22201/FCPYS.24484938E.2020.82.79453
Aníbal Godoy Ortiz, Mariano Damián Ferro
La baja graduacion en carreras de posgrado es un fenomeno complejo y multicausado. Una de las formas en que se manifiesta es el sindrome “Todo Menos la Tesis” (tmt), referido a la fuerte tendencia a la realizacion de estudios de posgrado (maestria y doctorado) el cursado y aprobacion de todos los cursos y/o seminarios, a excepcion de la tesis final y su defensa publica. El problema de la graduacion en las carreras de posgrado que requieren para su aprobacion la elaboracion de una tesis es reconocido por su caracter universal. Sin embargo, su magnitud es mayor en America Latina que en los paises desarrollados. En este articulo indagamos posibles aplicaciones de la teoria sociologica de los campos de Bourdieu, la cual ha sido poco utilizada en investigaciones sobre el tema. Nuestro objetivo es explorar el potencial de una serie de conceptos cruciales de Bourdieu como marco teorico adecuado para la comprension e investigacion sobre el sindrome de tmt. Este trabajo, a su vez, es producto de una fase preliminar de una propuesta de intervencion, para la mejora de la tasa y tiempos de graduacion de una carrera de Maestria, en un ambito castrense, en Argentina.
研究生毕业率低是一个复杂的、多原因的现象。在表现形式之一是sindrome除了论文”(扣),称为倾向realizacion博士研究生(maestria和美味学和所有培训班和/或研讨会,例外发表论文最后的防御。在研究生课程中,需要一篇论文才能获得批准的毕业问题被认为是普遍存在的。然而,拉丁美洲的发病率高于发达国家。在这篇文章中,我们提出了布迪厄领域的社会学理论的可能应用,该理论在这一主题的研究中很少使用。我们的目标是探索布迪厄的一些关键概念作为理解和研究tmt综合征的合适理论框架的潜力。这项工作是一项干预建议的初步阶段的产物,该建议旨在提高阿根廷军事领域硕士学位的毕业率和毕业时间。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Social Class in Europe: New Inequalities in the Old World 书评:欧洲的社会阶级:旧世界的新不平等
IF 1.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/00016993211012938
M. Savage
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引用次数: 3
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Acta Sociologica
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